Prevalence of human KI and WU polyomaviruses in children with acute respiratory tract infection in China

The KI and WU polyomaviruses were found in 11 (2.7%) and 17 (4.2%) of 406 nasopharyngeal aspirates, respectively, from children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). The phylogenetic analysis indicates that they are all in the same cluster as the prototype strains. Our findings suggest that they are common in children with ARTI in China.     

WU and KI polyomavirus infections in Filipino children with lower respiratory tract disease

BackgroundWU and KI are human polyomaviruses initially detected in the respiratory tract, whose clinical significance remains uncertain.ObjectivesTo determine the epidemiology, viral load and clinical characteristics of WU and KI polyomaviruses.Study designWe tested respiratory specimens collected during a randomized, placebo-controlled pneumococcal conjugate vaccine trial and related epidemiological study in the Philippines. We analyzed 1077 nasal washes from patients aged 6 weeks to 5 years who developed lower respiratory tract illness using quantitative real-time PCR for WU and KI. We collected data regarding presenting symptoms, signs, radiographic findings, laboratory data and coinfection.ResultsThe prevalence and co-infection rates for WU were 5.3% and 74% respectively and 4.2% and 84% respectively for KI. Higher KI viral loads were observed in patients with severe or very severe pneumonia, those presenting with chest indrawing, hypoxia without wheeze, convulsions, and with KI monoinfection compared with co-infection. There was no significant association between viral load and clinical presentation for WU.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a potential pathogenic role for KI, and that there is an association between KI viral load and illness severity.     

我国急性呼吸道感染患儿中检测到KI和WU多瘤病毒

目的 了解多瘤病毒WU和KI在我国儿童急性呼吸道疾病中的感染情况.方法 采用PCR扩增的方法对2006年11月至2007年10月收集的急性呼吸道感染患儿的318份鼻咽抽吸物(NPA)标本进行了多瘤病毒WU和KI基因检测.结果 318份标本共检测出14份病毒核酸阳性标本,其中WUV 7份(2.2%),KIPyV 7份(2.2%).该14例基因检测阳性患儿临床均有上呼吸道感染或下呼吸道感染症状.结论 WUV和KIPyV可能也是儿童急性呼吸道感染中较为重要的一个病原,且与儿童上呼吸道感染和下呼吸道感染存在相关性.     

Presence of the newly discovered human polyomaviruses KI and WU in Australian patients with acute respiratory tract infection.

BACKGROUND: Currently, the role of the novel human polyomaviruses, KI (KIV) and WU (WUV) as agents of human disease remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the prevalence of these viruses and their rate of co-detection with other viral respiratory pathogens, in an Australian population. STUDY DESIGN: Polymerase chain reaction assays previously described were used to examine the presence of KIV and WUV in 2866 respiratory specimens collected from January to December 2003 from Australian patients with acute respiratory infections. RESULTS: KIV and WUV were present in our population with an annual prevalence of 2.6% and 4.5%, respectively. There was no apparent seasonal variation for KIV, but a predominance of infection was detected during late winter to early summer for WUV. The level of co-infection of KIV or WUV with other respiratory viruses was 74.7% and 79.7%, respectively. Both viruses were absent from urine and blood specimens collected from a variety of patient sources. CONCLUSIONS: KIV and WUV circulate annually in the Australian population. Although there is a strong association with the respiratory tract, more comprehensive studies are required to prove these viruses are agents causing respiratory disease.     

Age-related pattern of KI and WU polyomavirus infection

BACKGROUND: The role of two recently identified polyomaviruses, KI and WU, in the causation of respiratory disease has not been established. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of KI and WU viruses (KIV and WUV) in 371 respiratory samples and evaluate their contribution to respiratory disease. STUDY DESIGN: Specimens were screened for KIV and WUV using single, multiplex or real time PCR; co-infection with other respiratory viruses was evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 371 samples analysed, 10 (2.70%) were positive for KIV and 4 (1.08%) were positive for WUV yielding an overall case prevalence of KIV and WUV infection of 3.77%. KIV and WUV were identified in patients aged <15 years (11 patients) with upper or lower respiratory tract infection and >45 years (3 patients) with upper respiratory tract infection. Co-infections were found in 5 (50%) and 3 (75%) of the KIV and WUV positive samples, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports previous conclusions that KIV and WUV detection in the respiratory tract may be coincidental and reflect reactivation of latent or persistent infection with these viruses. The age distribution of KIV and WUV infection in this study mirrors that found for the other human polyomaviruses, BK and JC.     

WU polyomavirus in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections, China.

BACKGROUND: WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), a new member of the genus of Polyomavirus in the family Polyomaviridae, has been found and associated with respiratory tract infections recently. However, its clinical role and pathogenicity has not been known. OBJECTIVES: To confirm that WU polyomavirus has been found in Chinese children. STUDY DESIGN: WU polyomavirus was detected and identified using PCR methods. A total of 278 specimens of nasopharyngeal aspirate were collected, and then PCR products were sequenced directly. RESULTS: One of 278 nasopharyngeal aspirates was positive for WUPyV in one child, and the positive rate was 0.4%. The results showed that the sequences of genome, LTAg and VP2 gene was identical to the reference sequences of WU polyomavirus prototype strains. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that WU polyomavirus had been found and identified in the respiratory secretions in China.     

Human bocavirus infection in children with acute respiratory tract infection in India

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a new human parvovirus identified in children with respiratory tract disease. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 305 children <5 years of age with acute respiratory tract infection from April 2005 to March 2007 and screened for the presence of HBoV by two separate sets of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) described previously. Twenty‐two (7.2%) children who had acute respiratory infection were found to be positive for HBoV by both sets of PCR. The main clinical symptoms were cough (95%), runny nose (64%), and fever (59%). In two samples, HBoV was identified together with respiratory syncytial virus in one sample and influenza A virus in another. HBoV appeared to have no seasonal distribution and is associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract disease in young children in India. J. Med. Virol. 82: 812–816, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

No evidence for an association between infections with WU and KI polyomaviruses and respiratory disease

BACKGROUND: WU virus (WUV) and KI polyomavirus (KIPyV) are newly discovered related human polyomaviruses detected in respiratory samples. To investigate their potential role in respiratory disease, we determined their frequencies of detection, clinical presentations and epidemiological characteristics among samples referred for diagnostic respiratory virus testing. METHODS: Anonymised samples and accompanying study subject information were obtained from the Edinburgh respiratory specimen archive. Samples were screened by nested PCR using two sets of primers conserved between WUV and KIPyV, as well for other respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], adenoviruses [AdV], influenza A/B and parainfluenza viruses 1-3, human bocavirus, B19). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: WUV and KIPyV were detected in 10 and 14 samples, respectively from 983 specimens (from 9 to 10 different individuals from 612 study subjects). Infections occurred in two types of study subject; those who were young (<2 years) with lower respiratory tract infections (n=8), and almost invariably co-infected with other respiratory viruses (RSV, AdV), and a second, generally older group either without respiratory disease (n=6) or with mild upper respiratory tract infections (n=5) but who were generally clinically severely immunosuppressed from leukaemia or transplant therapy. Findings from either group do not support an aetiological link between infection with WUV or KIPyV and respiratory disease.     

呼吸道病毒特异性IgM检测对儿童呼吸道感染的指导意义

目的:统计分析急性呼吸道感染患儿5种常见呼吸道病毒特异性Ig M的检出情况用以指导临床。方法:2012年1月~12月我院儿科住院急性呼吸道感染患儿1 609例,收集血清采用间接免疫荧光方法检测呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)、甲型流感病毒(IVA)、乙型流感病毒(IVB)、副流感病毒(PIV)特异性Ig M。结果:1 609例患儿检出阳性标本263例(16.35%),IVB检出率最多,共136例(8.45%),其余依次为IVA 63例(3.92%)、PIV 62例(3.85%)、ADV 44例(2.73%)、RSV 42例(2.61%)。不同年龄组患儿阳性标本检出率不同,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=134.822,P0.01),随年龄增长阳性标本检出率逐渐增高,学龄期儿童检查率最高(34.55%);IVB、PIV、IVA阳性标本检出率在不同年龄阶段的比较差异具有统计学意义(χ2分别为102.660、86.145、39.791,均P0.05),IVB和IVA以学龄期儿童检查率为最高,分别达20.00%和8.64%,PIV以学龄前儿童检出率最高(12.07%)。不同呼吸道病毒Ig M阳性检出率在不同月份有各自的特点,IVB在3月和10月出现两个检出高峰,检出率分别达20.15%和11.11%;IVA在3月和5月出现两个检出高峰,检出率分别达10.27%和11.81%;PIV、RSV检出率在1~6月份平缓上升,在3月份检出率最高,分别达7.98%和6.46%,随后检出率又平稳下降;ADV在3、4、5三个月份检出率为最高,检出率达6.19%。结论:5种呼吸道病毒检出阳性率达16.35%,尤以IVB检出率为最高;呼吸道病毒特异性Ig M阳性检出率随年龄增长而逐渐增高,IVB和IVA以学龄期儿童感染率最高,而PIV以学龄前儿童感染率最高;5种呼吸道病毒感染在2012年有各自的流行特点。     

实时荧光定量PCR检测儿童下呼吸道感染的WU多瘤病毒

目的 建立并应用检测儿童下呼吸道感染WU多瘤病毒(WU polyomavirus)的实时荧光定量PCR( real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,FQ-PCR)方法.方法 选择WU多瘤病毒的VP2基因作为检测的目标基因,设计FQ-PCR引物和检测探针,以重组质粒为标准品建立标准曲线,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏度、重复性进行评价;应用该方法对温州医学院附属温岭医院收集的临床下呼吸道感染患儿的痰液、咽拭子846份及血清标本846份进行定量检测.结果 本研究建立FQ-PCR检测方法,质粒标准曲线的方差系数为0.998,灵敏度可达到50拷贝;应用该方法检测700份痰液标本,检测到7例阳性标本,146份咽试子标本中未检测到阳性标本,总阳性率为1.00％ (7/700),846份血清标本未检测到阳性标本.结论 本研究建立的FQ-PCR方法可以特异、快速、灵敏地对儿童下呼吸道感染的WU多瘤病毒进行定量检测;痰液标本较咽拭子或血清标本更适用于WU多瘤病毒感染的核酸检测.     

WU and KI polyomaviruses in respiratory,blood and urine samples from renal transplant patients

BackgroundIt is suggested that immunosuppression due to transplantation might be a risk for human polyomavirus KI (KIPyV) and WU (WUPyV) infection. Most of the publications report data about stem cell transplant patients, little is known about these virus infections in renal transplant patients.ObjectivesTo study the presence of KIPyV and WUPyV in upper respiratory, plasma and urine samples from renal transplant patients. To analyse clinical and personal data.Study design532 respiratory, 503 plasma and 464 urine samples were collected from 77 renal transplant patients. KIPyV and WUPyV were detected by nested and quantitative real-time PCR. Patient and clinical data from medical records were analyzed.ResultsKIPyV was detected in respiratory, plasma and urine samples from 14.3%, 3.9% and 4.1% of renal transplant patients. WUPyV was found in respiratory and plasma specimens from 9.1% and 5.3% of the patients. Significant association was revealed between the detection of KIPyV and WUPyV and the time of samples collection and the age of the patients. KIPyV was presented in respiratory and plasma sample at the same time. KIPyV was detected in plasma samples from two patients and in urine samples of three other patients providing also KIPyV positive respiratory samples at the same time. No clinical consequences of KIPyV or WUPyV infection were found.ConclusionAlthough no clinical consequences of KIPyV and WUPyV infections were found in renal transplant patients, it is suggested that renal transplantation might result in higher susceptibility or reactivation of these infection.     

3820例呼吸道感染患儿病原体的检测结果及流行病学特点分析

目的:了解垫江地区儿童呼吸道病原体流行情况,为疾病的预防和诊治提供实验室依据.方法:回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年10月本院收治的3820例呼吸道感染患儿入院时检测的血常规、血清淀粉样蛋白A(Serum amyloid A,SAA)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)结果及采用间接免疫荧光...     

上海地区儿童下呼吸道人类偏肺病毒感染的初步研究

目的 了解人类偏肺病毒（hMPV）在上海地区儿童下呼吸道感染中的致病情况。方法 采集2004年8月-2005年1月秋冬季节我院479例因社区获得性急性下呼吸道感染（CALRTIs）住院儿童的呼吸道分泌物标本，对直接免疫荧光法常规检测病毒阴性的259份标本用逆转录．多聚酶链反应法（RT-PCR）检测hMPVM基因。对PCR阳性产物随机挑选23份直接作核苷酸序列测定，用DNAStar软件对基因序列分析。结果 259份标本中hMPV检测阳性例数为59例（22．8％），占总例数的12．3％。冬季检测阳性率明显高于秋季（31．3％vs7．5％，P〈0．01）。5岁及以下儿童53例（89．8％），5岁以上儿童6例（10．2％）。23份hMPV阳性标本目标基因部分核苷酸序列与GenBank中公布的hMPVM基因同源性达82．8％～100％，部分氨基酸序列同源性为93．0％～100％，对核苷酸序列作基因进化树分析显示存在2种不同的基因型，以Bj1816组为代表的基因型14株，以Bj1887组为代表的基因型9株。结论hMPV是上海地区儿童CALRTIs的重要致病原，上海地区儿童感染的hMPV同时存在2种不同的基因型。     

Prevalence and molecular characterization of WU/KI polyomaviruses isolated from pediatric patients with respiratory disease in Thailand

WU and KI polyomaviruses represent novel viruses discovered in respiratory secretions from human patients with acute respiratory tract infection. However, the association between WU/KI polyomaviruses and human disease has remained unclear. In this study, the prevalence of these two novel viruses and occurrence of co-infection with other respiratory viruses were determined in Thai pediatric patients with respiratory disease. Previously described PCR assays were applied to detect WU/KI polyomaviruses as well as other respiratory viruses in 302 nasopharyngeal suction specimens collected from February 2006 through February 2007. The results revealed the anneal prevalence of WU and KI polyomaviruses in the Thai population was 6.29% and 1.99%, respectively. The frequency of co-detection of WU and KI polyomaviruses with other respiratory viral pathogens was 42.11% and 33.33%, respectively. Moreover, each of the two complete genome sequences of WU (CU_295 and CU_302) and KI (CU_255 and CU_258) polyomaviruses were genetically and phylogenetically characterized. Sequence analysis showed that they contained features common to those found in previous studies. However, there were several nucleotide variations within the non-coding regulatory regions and various non-synonymous mutations within the coding regions which may influence virulence and pathogenesis of these viruses. Nevertheless, it is still possible that these viruses are not the causative agents of clinical respiratory disease. Therefore, judging the association of WU/KI polyomavirus infections with a particular disease will be challenging and require more comprehensive case control investigations.     

Human bocavirus infection in young children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou,China

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a recognized human parvovirus associated with acute respiratory tract infection. However, HBoV has yet to be established as a causative agent of respiratory disease. In this study, the epidemiological and virological characteristics of HBoV infection were studied in children with acute respiratory tract infection in China. In total, 406 children younger than 14 years of age with acute respiratory tract infection were included in this prospective 1‐year study. HBoV was detected in 29 (7.1%) of the 406 children. No clear seasonal fluctuation was observed in infection rates of HBoV. Of the 29 children infected with HBoV, 16 (55.2%) were coinfected with other respiratory viruses, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Viral coinfection with HBoV did not affect the severity of the respiratory disease (P = 0.291). The number of HBoV genome copies ranged from 5.80 × 10² to 9.72 × 10⁸ copies/ml in nasopharyngeal aspirates among HBoV‐positive specimens by real‐time PCR, and neither coinfection nor the severity of disease correlated with the viral load (P = 0.148, P = 0.354, respectively). The most common clinical features were cough and acute upper respiratory infection, and acute bronchopneumonia. Additionally, the NP‐1 gene of HBoV showed minimal sequence variation. These data suggest that HBoV is frequent in young children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou, China, and RSV is the most common coinfecting virus. There was no apparent association between the viral load of HBoV and coinfection or disease severity. The NP‐1 gene was highly conserved in HBoV. J. Med. Virol. 82:282–288, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Molecular epidemiology of KI and WU polyomaviruses in infants with acute respiratory disease and in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Polyomaviruses KI (KIPyV) and WU (WUPyV) were described recently in children with acute respiratory disease. The pathogenic potential of these human viruses has not been determined completely, but a correlation between immunosuppression and virus reactivation has been suggested. In the present study, the association between KI/WUPyV infection and immunosuppression was investigated using sequential nasopharyngeal aspirates from asymptomatic adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. In parallel, an investigation on the WU/KIPyV prevalence in children with acute respiratory disease was also carried out. Two of the 126 samples obtained from the 31 hematopoietic transplant recipients were positive for KIPyV (1 sample, 0.79%) and WUPyV (1 sample, 0.79%). Both samples were obtained 15 days after allogeneic transplantation and virus persistence was not observed in subsequent samples. In symptomatic children, 7 of the 486 nasopharyngeal aspirates were positive for WUPyV (1.4%) and 1 for KIPyV (0.2%). Single polyomavirus infection was detected in four patients, whereas the remaining patients were co‐infected with respiratory syncityal virus (three patients) or adenovirus (one patient). The results suggest that WU/KIPyVs have a limited circulation in Italy and a low pathogenic potential in young children. Brief and asymptomatic infection can occur in hematopoietic transplant recipients. J. Med. Virol. 82:153–156, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.