药物支架置入后血管内皮功能障碍

药物支架内再狭窄及晚发支架内血栓的发生机制,与血管内皮功能障碍密切相关。药物支架在抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖的同时也抑制内皮细胞增殖。内皮细胞的修复延迟可以促发内膜增厚和再狭窄,同时激活血小板的聚集功能,促发亚急性、迟发性支架内血栓的形成。通过有创、无创的方法评价内皮细胞功能障碍,早期干预,使内皮细胞早期修复,从而预防支架内再狭窄及支架内血栓的形成,推动药物支架的广泛使用。     

药物支架置入后血管内皮功能障碍

药物支架内再狭窄及晚发支架内血栓的发生机制,与血管内皮功能障碍密切相关.药物支架在抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖的同时也抑制内皮细胞增殖.内皮细胞的修复延迟可以促发内膜增厚和再狭窄,同时激活血小板的聚集功能,促发亚急性、迟发性支架内血栓的形成.通过有创、无创的方法评价内皮细胞功能障碍,早期干预,使内皮细胞早期修复,从而预防支架内再狭窄及支架内血栓的形成,推动药物支架的广泛使用.     

生物大分子药物洗脱冠状动脉支架

生物大分子药物洗脱支架是指载有核酸、抗体、酶、细胞因子等活性生物大分子的冠状动脉支架.生物大分子可针对再狭窄的分子机制,作用于指定环节的特定靶点,具有高度特异性,因此生物大分子药物洗脱支架可望成为解决支架内再狭窄和晚期血栓的根本途径.文章就目前生物大分子药物洗脱支架国内外最新研究进展作一综述.     

药物洗脱支架与支架内再狭窄

随着药物洗脱支架(Drug Eluting Stent, DES)的出现,再狭窄的问题得到进一步的有效控制,目前的临床证据表明DES总的再狭窄率已经在10%以下.但DES的支架内再狭窄ISR仍是临床介入治疗面临的重要问题.     

药物涂层支架研究进展

支架内再狭窄是冠状动脉支架植入术后存在的主要问题之一,为了解决这一难题,一些新类型的支架相继出现,而药物支架正在成为人们研究的热点。介入治疗后生长因子和细胞因子介导的血管平滑肌细胞增生是再狭窄的主要原因,围绕这一主题研究人员自上个世纪末开始对药物涂层支架进行了大量实验研究、筛选。药物涂层支架通过其药物基质混合物对支架涂层,实行抗血栓涂层、抗炎症涂层、抗血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移涂层,从而达到抑制新生内膜增殖,进一步减少经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（PTCA）术后冠状动脉血管内再狭窄的发生。     

同种和不同种药物洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉药物洗脱支架内再狭窄有效性的系统评价

目的评价同种药物洗脱支架和不同种药物洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉药物洗脱支架内再狭窄的有效性。方法计算机检索Pub Med、OVID、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、万方数据库、中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普数据库(VIP),收集同种和不同种药物洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉药物洗脱支架内再狭窄的临床资料,共纳入10项研究,1680名患者,使用Rev Man5.2软件进行系统评价。检索时间为各大数据库建库至2015年10月。结果在治疗冠状动脉药物洗脱支架内再狭窄时,采用不同药物洗脱支架可降低靶病变血运重建率(OR=0.73,95%CI为0.55~0.96,P=0.02)和主要不良心血管事件发生率(OR=0.72,95%CI为0.54~0.96,P=0.03)。两组间的病死率(OR=1.03,95%CI为0.49~2.16,P=0.95)和心肌梗死发生率(OR=0.59,95%CI为0.24~1.41,P=0.23)无统计学差异。结论对于药物洗脱支架内再狭窄患者,再次植入不同药物洗脱支架比植入同种支架更获益。     

药物洗脱支架与冠状动脉内皮功能障碍

冠状动脉支架自问世已有30余年的历程,从金属裸支架(bare metal stent,BMS)到药物洗脱支架(drug eluting stent,DES),其在临床冠心病治疗中已经发挥了巨大作用。BMS的置入能够明显改善经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成形术后     

药物洗脱支架与晚期支架血栓形成

药物洗脱支架(DES)的临床应用是继单纯球囊扩张术、裸金属支架置入术后,冠心病介入治疗发展史上的第3个里程碑,它似乎成为了跨越血管再狭窄历史长河的诺亚方舟,使"告别再狭窄"的梦想得以实现.然而随着时间的推移,发现DES并不完美,尤其是晚期支架血栓形成(LST)问题成为目前人们关注的焦点.     

冠状动脉支架内血栓与药物洗脱支架的安全性

最近,药物洗脱支架的安全性问题引起了人们的广泛关注。目前资料表明药物洗脱支架与金属裸支架相比并不引起更多的早、晚期支架内血栓发生,但极晚期支架内血栓形成的风险增加。药物洗脱支架明显降低支架内再狭窄的发生和靶病变的再次血运重建率,其有效性仍优于金属裸支架,尤其对于糖尿病等再狭窄高危患者。根据患者的临床具体情况合理选择支架非常重要。现综述冠状动脉支架内血栓与药物洗脱支架安全性的研究进展。     

新型药物涂层支架的应用及面临的问题

支架内再狭窄(ISR)作为介入心脏病领域的一大顽症,极大影响了经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后的长期疗效,随着药物涂层支架(drug eluting stent,DES)在技术和应用上的不断成熟,攻克ISR初现曙光。 1 DES的概述 PCI术后再狭窄的主要机制是血管局部对球囊损伤的过度愈合反应所致,包括早期弹性回缩、晚期负性重构以及新生内膜(neointima,NI)过度增生。DES防治ISR的设计思想是通过支架的机     

Comprehensive Meta-Analysis on Drug-Eluting Stents versus Bare-Metal Stents during Extended Follow-up

Background

Several observational reports have documented both increased and decreased cardiac mortality or Q-wave myocardial infarction with drug-eluting stents compared with bare-metal stents.

Methods

We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents compared with bare-metal stents early after intervention (<1 year) and late (>1 year) among a broad population of patients, using a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Results

We identified 28 trials with a total of 10,727 patients and a mean follow-up of 29.6 months. For early outcomes (<1 year), all-cause mortality for drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents was 2.1% versus 2.4% (risk ratio [RR] 0.91, [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.70-1.18]; P = .47), non-Q-wave myocardial infarction was 3.3% versus 4.4% (RR 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61-1.00]; P = .055), target lesion revascularization was 5.8% versus 18.4% (RR 0.28 [95% CI, 0.21-0.38]; P <.001), and stent thrombosis was 1.1% versus 1.3% (RR 0.87 [95% CI, 0.60-1.26]; P = .47). For late outcomes (>1 year), all-cause mortality for drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents was 5.9% versus 5.7% (RR 1.03 [95% CI, 0.83-1.28]; P = .79), target lesion revascularization was 4.0% versus 3.3% (RR 1.22 [95% CI, 0.92-1.60]; P = .16), non-Q-wave myocardial infarction was 1.6% versus 1.2% (RR 1.36 [95% CI, 0.74-2.53]; P = .32) and stent thrombosis was 0.7% versus 0.1% (RR 4.57 [95% CI, 1.54-13.57]; P = .006).

Conclusions

There was no excess mortality with drug-eluting stents. Within 1 year, drug-eluting stents appear to be safe and efficacious with possibly decreased non-Q-wave myocardial infarction compared with bare-metal stents. After 1 year, drug-eluting stents still have similar mortality, despite increased stent thrombosis. The reduction in target lesion revascularization with drug-eluting stents mainly happens within 1 year, but is sustained thereafter.     

Overview of the 2006 Food and Drug Administration Circulatory System Devices Panel meeting on drug-eluting stent thrombosis.

Drug-eluting stents (DES) seemed likely to mitigate the problem of restenosis and have become the predominant stent deployed during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Sustained concerns about the rate of stent thrombosis (ST), particularly very late ST (>1 year following PCI) led to a meeting of the Circulatory System Devices Advisory Panel to address "on-label" and "off-label" use as well as appropriate duration of dual antiplatelet therapy following DES. Over 40 presentations by members of the FDA, industry personnel, and leaders in the field of interventional cardiology helped set forth the body of data available on DES. Standardized definitions of ST created by the Academic Research Consortium were applied to existing randomized trials and registries. At the end of the 2-day session, the consensus of the panel was that "on-label" DES use is not associated with increased incidence of death and myocardial infarction (MI), although it is associated with increased rates of very late ST. "Off-label" use is associated with increased risk of death or MI when compared with "on-label" use. Insufficient data exist to determine the duration of clopidogrel that would minimize ST and bleeding risk, but the panel agreed with the current ACC/AHA/SCAI guidelines regarding dual antiplatelet therapy for at least 12 months in patients at low risk for bleeding, especially with "off-label" use. More data from trials designed with better control arms and prespecified analyses of complex patients and lesions subsets over longer periods of follow-up are needed.     

药物洗脱支架防治再狭窄的研究进展

目前,经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和冠状动脉内支架置入术已广泛应用于临床,成为冠心病常规介入治疗的方法之一,但术后再狭窄率仍然居高不下;药物洗脱支架的出现则改变了这种局面,随着近两年来药物洗脱支架防治再狭窄临床实验结果的陆续公布,使药物洗脱支架成为目前防治再狭窄的最佳办法。现根据医学研究的最新结果,从药物洗脱支架的作用机制、临床疗效和安全性等方面作一综述。     

药物涂层支架的研究进展

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术和支架置入术是解决冠状动脉腔内狭窄的一种新型手段,但其有30%左右的再狭窄率.药物涂层支架通过其药物基质混合物对支架涂层,实行抗血栓涂层、抗炎症涂层、抗血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移涂层,从而达到抑制新生内膜增殖,进一步减少PTCA术后冠状动脉血管内再狭窄的发生.