老年急性髓系白血病的治疗问题

急性髓系白血病（ＡＭＬ）是常见的造血系统恶性肿瘤,老年人易患。流行病学调查显示,除了儿科病例,老年人群ＡＭＬ发病率比总的人群发病率高出数倍［１］。近年来在ＡＭＬ治疗方面已有长足进展,但老年患者受益不多。首先,现有化学治疗用于老年ＡＭＬ的缓解率低,缓解时间短。如用标准的ＤＡ诱导化疗方案,即柔红霉素４５～６０ｍｇ／ｍ２连续３ｄ和阿糖胞苷（Ａｒａ－Ｃ）ｌ００～２００ｍｇ／ｍ２连续７ｄ,治疗老年ＡＭＬ的完全缓解（ＣＲ）率通常为４０％～６０％,低于一般成年人的ＣＲ率（６０％～７５％）。而且不论使用何种巩固…     

急性髓系白血病CD34和CD38抗原表达及其临床意义

目的:分析急性髓系白血病(AML)CD34、CD38抗原表达特点及临床意义。方法:采用单克隆抗体直接免疫荧光标记法的流式细胞术,对55例AML患者进行免疫表型检测。结果:AML患者CD34和CD38表达均达40．0％。AML CD34 患者完全缓解(CR)率(19．0％)明显低于CD34-患者(73．5％)(P<0．05);而CD38 患者CR率(52．4％)与CD38-患者CR率(52．9％)基本相同。结论:作为造血干细胞免疫标记的CD34对判断AML临床预后有一定的指导意义。     

局限期小细胞肺癌放化疗后诱发治疗相关性急性髓系白血病一例报道

治疗相关性急性髓系白血病(t-AML)常发生于烷化剂和拓扑异构酶抑制剂Ⅱ治疗和/或放疗后,常伴有高危核型,具有明显的临床特征,且患者预后较差.因此在新发白血病患者中明确t-AML具有重要意义.本文报道邯郸市中心医院收治的1例局限期小细胞肺癌放化疗后诱发的t-AML患者,以帮助临床医生及时鉴别诊断t-AML,从而改善患者...     

老年CD+56急性髓系白血病临床生物学特征

目的 研究CD+56老年急性髓系白血病(AML)的临床生物学意义.方法 对102例初治老年AML进行细胞形态学、免疫表型、多药耐药P糖蛋白(PgP)检测,并常规采用HAE方案诱导治疗,判定疗效.结果 老年急性髓系白血病,CD56阳性率39.22%.CD+56AML在FAB分型中以M2b、M5、M7多见,高白细胞计数(57.03×109/L vs 33.65×109/L,P=0.047),多表达PgP(62.50% vs 40.32%,P=0.042).CD+56AML患者髓外浸润现象明显(62.50% vs 37.09%,P=0.015),尤其是脾脏(42.50% vs 19.35%,P=0.014)显著受累,CD56表达与年龄、性别、血红蛋白含量、血小板计数及外周血幼稚细胞数无关,也不影响CR率(P值分别为0.306,0.840,0.564,0.302,0.686,0.547),但无病生存时间(DFS)(5.75个月 vs 30.00个月,P=0.048)和总生存时间(OS)(5.34个月 vs 22.03个月,P=0.032)较短.结论 CD+56AML具有独特的临床生物学特征,多表达耐药蛋白PgP,生物学侵袭性较强,生存期短,预后较差.建议初诊时监测CD56分子表达以判断预后.     

急性髓系白血病的治疗试验

美国国立癌症研究所(NCI)1988年8月26日组织了一次急性髓系白血病(AML)诊断和疗效标准专题讨论会，旨在规范AML临床试验的设计标准。随着对AML细胞生物学、遗传学、分子生物学特征认识的不断深入，此外，不同作用和毒理机制的新药不断发现，有必要对1988年提出的美国NCIAML诊断和疗效判断标准进行修订，为此，2001年5月23-25日在西班牙的马德里举行了一个国际工作组会议并提出了“国际工作组关于AML治疗试验的诊断、疗效标准的标准化、治疗结局和报告标准的修订建议”。     

老年急性髓系白血病的治疗现状

急性髓系白血病（AML）随着年龄的增长发病率逐渐升高。由于老年AML患者化疗完全缓解率低,治疗相关死亡率高,长期生存率低,预后差,尚缺乏统一有效的治疗策略。本文就目前老年AML治疗现状作简单综述,探讨传统化疗、造血干细胞移植及新的靶向药物在老年AML治疗中的应用。     

Ph染色体阳性急性髓系白血病1例并文献复习

目的:通过报告Ph染色体阳性急性髓系白血病1例,结合文献复习,提高对Ph染色体阳性急性髓系白血病患者细胞遗传学、免疫表型和临床特点的认识.方法:对患者进行骨髓形态学、免疫学和细胞遗传学检查,并对其治疗效果进行观察、分析.结果:该例患者经常规化疗未获缓解后口服格列卫治疗,获得血液学缓解,但很快复发,并于短期内死亡.结论:...     

116例急性髓系白血病免疫表型特点分析

目的探讨免疫表型检测对急性髓系白血病(AML)的诊断、治疗、预后的临床意义。方法回顾性分析已经确诊的116例AML患者的免疫表型结果。免疫表型检测采用流式细胞术对AML患者的骨髓样本进行多种抗原的检测。结果 116例AML白血病患者主要表达CD33(91.4%)、CD13(94%)、CD117(69%)、HLA-DR(70.7%)、CD34(71.6%),M3较少表达CD34及HLA-DR。淋系抗原在AML患者中也有阳性表达,其中CD56、CD7、CD19阳性率最高,分别为17.2%、15.5%、9.5%。伴有CD56、CD7阳性的AML患者CR率低于CD56、CD7阴性的AML患者。结论白血病免疫表型检测对AML分型诊断、预后判断有重要的指导意义。     

急性淋巴细胞白血病治疗相关的伴骨髓红系明显增生的急性髓系白血病病例报告

<正>2016年更新版《WHO造血和淋巴组织肿瘤分类》中~([1]),将伴有骨髓原始红细胞≥30%,原始髓系20%,既往有放化疗史,定义为治疗相关伴红系明显增生的急性髓系白血病(therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia,T-AML)的范畴。在急性红白血病(acute erythroleukemia,AEL)分类中,相比于2008年的标准~([2]),仅保留了纯红细胞白血病     

Concomitant chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia with an uncommon immunophenotype

We report a case of simultaneous diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in which the use of flow cytometry analysis allowed the demonstration of two different cell populations and the study of both immunophenotyping patterns with a large panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). CLL cells showed a typical immunophenotype with coexpression of B cell markers with CD5, CD23, CD43, and weak surface immunoglobulin light chain restriction expression, whereas the AML population had a very uncommon phenotype with expression of myeloid markers and CD56 and lack of expression of other natural killer (NK) antigens, CD34 and HLA-DR. After chemotherapeutic treatment of AML with two induction courses, the patient achieved complete remission of the AML with persistence of a CD19/CD5 positive population. After consolidation chemotherapy, this latter population was no longer detectable despite the presence of lymphoid nodules in a bone marrow biopsy. Six months after diagnosis, the patient relapsed with AML and died shortly afterwards. Am. J. Hematol. 56:281–287, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Differentiation syndrome in acute myeloid leukemia after treatment with azacitidine

We report a case report of hyperleukocytosis, fever, hypotension, pulmonary and pericardial effusions, and acute kidney injury during initial treatment with azacitidine in a patient with AML‐MRC. Collectively, the symptomatology resembled differentiation syndrome. Azacitidine has been previously associated with fever, peripheral edema, and hyperleukocytosis, but its side effect profile has never been described as similar to differentiation syndrome. The patient's deteriorating course quickly turned around after treatment with dexamethasone. This potential reaction, and potential treatment, is important for clinicians to be aware of.     

急性淋巴细胞白血病49例染色体核型和免疫分型的分析

目的探讨急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者染色体异常及免疫分型与疗效的关系。方法对49例ALL患者骨髓进行染色体及免疫分型分析。结果儿童ALL伴有t(9;22)异常核型的检出率明显低于成人ALL(P0.05),但疗效差异无统计学意义(P0.05);伴有t(9;22)的异常核型与正常核型ALL疗效比较差异有统计学显著意义(P0.05);伴或不伴有髓系抗原表达的ALL疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ALL患者染色体核型异常的检出率较高,较常见的核型异常为t(9;22);核型异常与疗效有一定的关系,伴有t(9;22)核型异常的ALL疗效差,而其它异常核型的ALL疗效间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。     

Two cases of acute myeloid leukemia evolving into a chronic myelomonocytic leukemia-like state after induction therapy.

Two patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) developed a chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL)-like state after chemotherapy. Both patients showed morphological evidence of myelodysplasia together with acute leukemia at presentation (Case 1: M5b with trilineage myelodysplasia and Case 2: M4 with dysmegakaryocytopoiesis). They also showed persistent monocytosis without prominent blast cell proliferation after induction therapy. The possibility was suggested that these two patients were in acute transformation from CMMoL at presentation and returned to a CMMoL-like state after induction therapy.     

Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia after single-agent treatment with fludarabine for chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A 70-year-old man with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) received single-agent treatment with the purine analogue fludarabine, which led to complete remission. After 8 years, he presented with pancytopenia. Marrow examination showed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with trilineage myelodysplasia (MDS). Cytogenetic analysis showed an unbalanced der(1;7)(p10;q10) that resulted effectively in deletion 7q; confirming the diagnosis of therapy-related AML (t-AML). No residual CLL was present. Together with previous reports of secondary cancers after fludarabine treatment and the association of monosomy 7/7q- with another purine analogue azathioprine, results suggest that t-AML might develop after fludarabine therapy.     

急性髓性白血病的靶向治疗

目前,急性髓性白血病(AML)传统化疗的疗效已难以提高.在慢性粒细胞白血病确定了BCR-ABL可以作为有效的靶点,并合成了特异针对该靶点的药物伊马替尼,伊马替尼在临床上取得了非常好的疗效.通过研究AML的分子生物学、免疫表型和细胞生物学异常,从而确定有效的治疗靶点,合成特异的靶向治疗药物,可能会进一步提高白血病疗效.过去的十年,在AML的靶向治疗领域取得了巨大的进展,本文将对这些进展进行简述.