Diagnosis and surgical treatment of multiple endocrine neoplasia

Background Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is relatively rare. But more patients could be found by detailed examination. We discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of MEN. Methods The clinical data of 95 MEN cases were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 cases of MEN1 including 19 cases from 6 families. The MEN1 gene mutation was detected in 81.48% of cases admitted after 1997. There were 22 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), 10 cases of enteropanceatic tumor including 9 cases of insulinoma, 15 cases of pituitary adenoma, 9 cases of adrenal adenoma, 2 cases of thymic carcinoid. Two patients had 4 glands involved, 3 patients had 3 glands involved, 16 patients had 2 glands involved, and 6 patients had only one gland involved. Three patients had neither clinical symptoms nor biochemical changes, and was diagnosed by MEN1 gene mutation. Six patients presented with nephrolithasis and 6 patients had impaired pancreatic endocrine function. There were 60 cases of MEN2a and 5 cases of MEN2b. 58 cases of MEN2a belongs to 19 kindreds. All MEN2a patients but one presented RET gene mutation in codon 634, and all MEN2b cases had mutation in codon 918. 48 cases of MEN2a had thyroid masses with elevated calcitonin levels. 27 patients had pheochromocytoma including 12 cases of multiple loci and 5 malignancy. 13 patients presented with hyperparathyroidism. 5 MEN2b patients had medullary thyroid carcinoma and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis with Marfanoid. Among them, 3 patients had bilateral pheochromocytoma. Results In MEN1, subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 12 patients with PHPT and one patient received parathyroid adenoma enucleation. Insulinomas were enucleated in 4 patients. Two patients underwent thymus tumor extirpation. Total thyroidectomy with bilateral dissection of regional lymph nodes was performed in 16 patients with MEN2a and nodule enucleation was performed in 9 patients. Twenty two MEN2a patients underwent pheochromocytoma enucleation including bilateral adrenal resection in 10 cases. 5 MEN2b patients underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection. Among them, 3 cases underwent bilateral adrenal operations. Conclusions MEN varies in symptoms. Germline mutation test is helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Surgical management should be aimed at the improvement of life quality in MEN1 and prevention of the fetal tumors in MEN2.     

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of multiple endocrine neoplasia

Background Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is relatively rare. But more patients could be found by detailed examination. We discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of MEN. Methods The clinical data of 95 MEN cases were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 cases of MEN1 including 19 cases from 6 families. The MEN1 gene mutation was detected in 81.48% of cases admitted after 1997. There were 22 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), 10 cases of enteropanceatic tumor including 9 cases of insulinoma, 15 cases of pituitary adenoma, 9 cases of adrenal adenoma, 2 cases of thymic carcinoid. Two patients had 4 glands involved, 3 patients had 3 glands involved, 16 patients had 2 glands involved, and 6 patients had only one gland involved. Three patients had neither clinical symptoms nor biochemical changes, and was diagnosed by MEN1 gene mutation. Six patients presented with nephrolithasis and 6 patients had impaired pancreatic endocrine function. There were 60 cases of MEN2a and 5 cases of MEN2b. 58 cases of MEN2a belongs to 19 kindreds. All MEN2a patients but one presented RET gene mutation in codon 634, and all MEN2b cases had mutation in codon 918. 48 cases of MEN2a had thyroid masses with elevated calcitonin levels. 27 patients had pheochromocytoma including 12 cases of multiple loci and 5 malignancy. 13 patients presented with hyperparathyroidism. 5 MEN2b patients had medullary thyroid carcinoma and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis with Marfanoid. Among them, 3 patients had bilateral pheochromocytoma. Results In MEN1, subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 12 patients with PHPT and one patient received parathyroid adenoma enucleation. Insulinomas were enucleated in 4 patients. Two patients underwent thymus tumor extirpation. Total thyroidectomy with bilateral dissection of regional lymph nodes was performed in 16 patients with MEN2a and nodule enucleation was performed in 9 patients. Twenty two MEN2a patients underwent pheochromocytoma enucleation including bilateral adrenal resection in 10 cases. 5 MEN2b patients underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection. Among them, 3 cases underwent bilateral adrenal operations. Conclusions MEN varies in symptoms. Germline mutation test is helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Surgical management should be aimed at the improvement of life quality in MEN1 and prevention of the fetal tumors in MEN2.     

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of multiple endocrine neoplasia

Background Multiple endocrine neoplasia （MEN） is relatively rare. But more patients could be found by detailed examination. We discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of MEN. Methods The clinical data of 95 MEN cases were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 cases of MEN1 including 19 cases from 6 families. The MEN1 gene mutation was detected in 81.48% of cases admitted after 1997. There were 22 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism （PHPT）, 10 cases of enteropanceatic tumor including 9 cases of insulinoma, 15 cases of pituitary adenoma, 9 cases of adrenal adenoma, 2 cases of thymic carcinoid. Two patients had 4 glands involved, 3 patients had 3 glands involved, 16 patients had 2 glands involved, and 6 patients had only one gland involved. Three patients had neither clinical symptoms nor biochemical changes, and was diagnosed by MEN1 gene mutation. Six patients presented with nephrolithasis and 6 patients had impaired pancreatic endocrine function. There were 60 cases of MEN2a and 5 cases of MEN2b. 58 cases of MEN2a belongs to 19 kindreds. All MEN2a patients but one presented RET gene mutation in codon 634, and all MEN2b cases had mutation in codon 918.48 cases of MEN2a had thyroid masses with elevated calcitonin levels. 27 patients had pheochromocytoma including 12 cases of multiple foci and 5 malignancy. 13 patients presented with hyperparathyroidism. 5 MEN2b patients had medullary thyroid carcinoma and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis with Marfanoid. Among them, 3 patients had bilateral pheochromocytoma. Results In MEN1, subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 12 patients with PHPT and one patient received parathyroid adenoma enucleation. Insulinomas were enucleated in 4 patients. Two patients underwent thymus tumor extirpation. Total thyroidectomy with bilateral dissection of regional lymph nodes was performed in 16 patients with MEN2a and nodule enucleation was performed in 9 patients. Twenty two MEN2a patients underwent pheochromocytoma enucleation including bilateral adrenal resection in 10 cases. 5 MEN2b patients underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection. Among them, 3 cases underwent bilateral adrenal operations. Conclusions MEN varies in symptoms. Germline mutation test is helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Surgical management should be aimed at the improvement of life quality in MEN1 and prevention of the fetal tumors in MEN2.     

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of multiple endocrine neoplasia

Background Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is relatively rare. But more patients could be found by detailed examination. We discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of MEN. Methods The clinical data of 95 MEN cases were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 cases of MEN1 including 19 cases from 6 families. The MEN1 gene mutation was detected in 81.48% of cases admitted after 1997. There were 22 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), 10 cases of enteropanceatic tumor including 9 cases of insulinoma, 15 cases of pituitary adenoma, 9 cases of adrenal adenoma, 2 cases of thymic carcinoid. Two patients had 4 glands involved, 3 patients had 3 glands involved, 16 patients had 2 glands involved, and 6 patients had only one gland involved. Three patients had neither clinical symptoms nor biochemical changes, and was diagnosed by MEN1 gene mutation. Six patients presented with nephrolithasis and 6 patients had impaired pancreatic endocrine function. There were 60 cases of MEN2a and 5 cases of MEN2b. 58 cases of MEN2a belongs to 19 kindreds. All MEN2a patients but one presented RET gene mutation in codon 634, and all MEN2b cases had mutation in codon 918. 48 cases of MEN2a had thyroid masses with elevated calcitonin levels. 27 patients had pheochromocytoma including 12 cases of multiple loci and 5 malignancy. 13 patients presented with hyperparathyroidism. 5 MEN2b patients had medullary thyroid carcinoma and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis with Marfanoid. Among them, 3 patients had bilateral pheochromocytoma. Results In MEN1, subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 12 patients with PHPT and one patient received parathyroid adenoma enucleation. Insulinomas were enucleated in 4 patients. Two patients underwent thymus tumor extirpation. Total thyroidectomy with bilateral dissection of regional lymph nodes was performed in 16 patients with MEN2a and nodule enucleation was performed in 9 patients. Twenty two MEN2a patients underwent pheochromocytoma enucleation including bilateral adrenal resection in 10 cases. 5 MEN2b patients underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection. Among them, 3 cases underwent bilateral adrenal operations. Conclusions MEN varies in symptoms. Germline mutation test is helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Surgical management should be aimed at the improvement of life quality in MEN1 and prevention of the fetal tumors in MEN2.     

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of multiple endocrine neoplasia

Background Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is relatively rare. But more patients could be found by detailed examination. We discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of MEN. Methods The clinical data of 95 MEN cases were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 cases of MEN1 including 19 cases from 6 families. The MEN1 gene mutation was detected in 81.48% of cases admitted after 1997. There were 22 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), 10 cases of enteropanceatic tumor including 9 cases of insulinoma, 15 cases of pituitary adenoma, 9 cases of adrenal adenoma, 2 cases of thymic carcinoid. Two patients had 4 glands involved, 3 patients had 3 glands involved, 16 patients had 2 glands involved, and 6 patients had only one gland involved. Three patients had neither clinical symptoms nor biochemical changes, and was diagnosed by MEN1 gene mutation. Six patients presented with nephrolithasis and 6 patients had impaired pancreatic endocrine function. There were 60 cases of MEN2a and 5 cases of MEN2b. 58 cases of MEN2a belongs to 19 kindreds. All MEN2a patients but one presented RET gene mutation in codon 634, and all MEN2b cases had mutation in codon 918. 48 cases of MEN2a had thyroid masses with elevated calcitonin levels. 27 patients had pheochromocytoma including 12 cases of multiple loci and 5 malignancy. 13 patients presented with hyperparathyroidism. 5 MEN2b patients had medullary thyroid carcinoma and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis with Marfanoid. Among them, 3 patients had bilateral pheochromocytoma. Results In MEN1, subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 12 patients with PHPT and one patient received parathyroid adenoma enucleation. Insulinomas were enucleated in 4 patients. Two patients underwent thymus tumor extirpation. Total thyroidectomy with bilateral dissection of regional lymph nodes was performed in 16 patients with MEN2a and nodule enucleation was performed in 9 patients. Twenty two MEN2a patients underwent pheochromocytoma enucleation including bilateral adrenal resection in 10 cases. 5 MEN2b patients underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection. Among them, 3 cases underwent bilateral adrenal operations. Conclusions MEN varies in symptoms. Germline mutation test is helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Surgical management should be aimed at the improvement of life quality in MEN1 and prevention of the fetal tumors in MEN2.     

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of multiple endocrine neoplasia

Background Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is relatively rare. But more patients could be found by detailed examination. We discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of MEN. Methods The clinical data of 95 MEN cases were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 cases of MEN1 including 19 cases from 6 families. The MEN1 gene mutation was detected in 81.48% of cases admitted after 1997. There were 22 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), 10 cases of enteropanceatic tumor including 9 cases of insulinoma, 15 cases of pituitary adenoma, 9 cases of adrenal adenoma, 2 cases of thymic carcinoid. Two patients had 4 glands involved, 3 patients had 3 glands involved, 16 patients had 2 glands involved, and 6 patients had only one gland involved. Three patients had neither clinical symptoms nor biochemical changes, and was diagnosed by MEN1 gene mutation. Six patients presented with nephrolithasis and 6 patients had impaired pancreatic endocrine function. There were 60 cases of MEN2a and 5 cases of MEN2b. 58 cases of MEN2a belongs to 19 kindreds. All MEN2a patients but one presented RET gene mutation in codon 634, and all MEN2b cases had mutation in codon 918. 48 cases of MEN2a had thyroid masses with elevated calcitonin levels. 27 patients had pheochromocytoma including 12 cases of multiple loci and 5 malignancy. 13 patients presented with hyperparathyroidism. 5 MEN2b patients had medullary thyroid carcinoma and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis with Marfanoid. Among them, 3 patients had bilateral pheochromocytoma. Results In MEN1, subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 12 patients with PHPT and one patient received parathyroid adenoma enucleation. Insulinomas were enucleated in 4 patients. Two patients underwent thymus tumor extirpation. Total thyroidectomy with bilateral dissection of regional lymph nodes was performed in 16 patients with MEN2a and nodule enucleation was performed in 9 patients. Twenty two MEN2a patients underwent pheochromocytoma enucleation including bilateral adrenal resection in 10 cases. 5 MEN2b patients underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection. Among them, 3 cases underwent bilateral adrenal operations. Conclusions MEN varies in symptoms. Germline mutation test is helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Surgical management should be aimed at the improvement of life quality in MEN1 and prevention of the fetal tumors in MEN2.     

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of multiple endocrine neoplasia

Background Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is relatively rare. But more patients could be found by detailed examination. We discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of MEN. Methods The clinical data of 95 MEN cases were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 cases of MEN1 including 19 cases from 6 families. The MEN1 gene mutation was detected in 81.48% of cases admitted after 1997. There were 22 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), 10 cases of enteropanceatic tumor including 9 cases of insulinoma, 15 cases of pituitary adenoma, 9 cases of adrenal adenoma, 2 cases of thymic carcinoid. Two patients had 4 glands involved, 3 patients had 3 glands involved, 16 patients had 2 glands involved, and 6 patients had only one gland involved. Three patients had neither clinical symptoms nor biochemical changes, and was diagnosed by MEN1 gene mutation. Six patients presented with nephrolithasis and 6 patients had impaired pancreatic endocrine function. There were 60 cases of MEN2a and 5 cases of MEN2b. 58 cases of MEN2a belongs to 19 kindreds. All MEN2a patients but one presented RET gene mutation in codon 634, and all MEN2b cases had mutation in codon 918. 48 cases of MEN2a had thyroid masses with elevated calcitonin levels. 27 patients had pheochromocytoma including 12 cases of multiple loci and 5 malignancy. 13 patients presented with hyperparathyroidism. 5 MEN2b patients had medullary thyroid carcinoma and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis with Marfanoid. Among them, 3 patients had bilateral pheochromocytoma. Results In MEN1, subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 12 patients with PHPT and one patient received parathyroid adenoma enucleation. Insulinomas were enucleated in 4 patients. Two patients underwent thymus tumor extirpation. Total thyroidectomy with bilateral dissection of regional lymph nodes was performed in 16 patients with MEN2a and nodule enucleation was performed in 9 patients. Twenty two MEN2a patients underwent pheochromocytoma enucleation including bilateral adrenal resection in 10 cases. 5 MEN2b patients underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection. Among them, 3 cases underwent bilateral adrenal operations. Conclusions MEN varies in symptoms. Germline mutation test is helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Surgical management should be aimed at the improvement of life quality in MEN1 and prevention of the fetal tumors in MEN2.     

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of multiple endocrine neoplasia

Background Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is relatively rare. But more patients could be found by detailed examination. We discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of MEN. Methods The clinical data of 95 MEN cases were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 cases of MEN1 including 19 cases from 6 families. The MEN1 gene mutation was detected in 81.48% of cases admitted after 1997. There were 22 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), 10 cases of enteropanceatic tumor including 9 cases of insulinoma, 15 cases of pituitary adenoma, 9 cases of adrenal adenoma, 2 cases of thymic carcinoid. Two patients had 4 glands involved, 3 patients had 3 glands involved, 16 patients had 2 glands involved, and 6 patients had only one gland involved. Three patients had neither clinical symptoms nor biochemical changes, and was diagnosed by MEN1 gene mutation. Six patients presented with nephrolithasis and 6 patients had impaired pancreatic endocrine function. There were 60 cases of MEN2a and 5 cases of MEN2b. 58 cases of MEN2a belongs to 19 kindreds. All MEN2a patients but one presented RET gene mutation in codon 634, and all MEN2b cases had mutation in codon 918. 48 cases of MEN2a had thyroid masses with elevated calcitonin levels. 27 patients had pheochromocytoma including 12 cases of multiple loci and 5 malignancy. 13 patients presented with hyperparathyroidism. 5 MEN2b patients had medullary thyroid carcinoma and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis with Marfanoid. Among them, 3 patients had bilateral pheochromocytoma. Results In MEN1, subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 12 patients with PHPT and one patient received parathyroid adenoma enucleation. Insulinomas were enucleated in 4 patients. Two patients underwent thymus tumor extirpation. Total thyroidectomy with bilateral dissection of regional lymph nodes was performed in 16 patients with MEN2a and nodule enucleation was performed in 9 patients. Twenty two MEN2a patients underwent pheochromocytoma enucleation including bilateral adrenal resection in 10 cases. 5 MEN2b patients underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection. Among them, 3 cases underwent bilateral adrenal operations. Conclusions MEN varies in symptoms. Germline mutation test is helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Surgical management should be aimed at the improvement of life quality in MEN1 and prevention of the fetal tumors in MEN2.     

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of multiple endocrine neoplasia

Background Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is relatively rare. But more patients could be found by detailed examination. We discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of MEN. Methods The clinical data of 95 MEN cases were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 cases of MEN1 including 19 cases from 6 families. The MEN1 gene mutation was detected in 81.48% of cases admitted after 1997. There were 22 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), 10 cases of enteropanceatic tumor including 9 cases of insulinoma, 15 cases of pituitary adenoma, 9 cases of adrenal adenoma, 2 cases of thymic carcinoid. Two patients had 4 glands involved, 3 patients had 3 glands involved, 16 patients had 2 glands involved, and 6 patients had only one gland involved. Three patients had neither clinical symptoms nor biochemical changes, and was diagnosed by MEN1 gene mutation. Six patients presented with nephrolithasis and 6 patients had impaired pancreatic endocrine function. There were 60 cases of MEN2a and 5 cases of MEN2b. 58 cases of MEN2a belongs to 19 kindreds. All MEN2a patients but one presented RET gene mutation in codon 634, and all MEN2b cases had mutation in codon 918. 48 cases of MEN2a had thyroid masses with elevated calcitonin levels. 27 patients had pheochromocytoma including 12 cases of multiple loci and 5 malignancy. 13 patients presented with hyperparathyroidism. 5 MEN2b patients had medullary thyroid carcinoma and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis with Marfanoid. Among them, 3 patients had bilateral pheochromocytoma. Results In MEN1, subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 12 patients with PHPT and one patient received parathyroid adenoma enucleation. Insulinomas were enucleated in 4 patients. Two patients underwent thymus tumor extirpation. Total thyroidectomy with bilateral dissection of regional lymph nodes was performed in 16 patients with MEN2a and nodule enucleation was performed in 9 patients. Twenty two MEN2a patients underwent pheochromocytoma enucleation including bilateral adrenal resection in 10 cases. 5 MEN2b patients underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection. Among them, 3 cases underwent bilateral adrenal operations. Conclusions MEN varies in symptoms. Germline mutation test is helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Surgical management should be aimed at the improvement of life quality in MEN1 and prevention of the fetal tumors in MEN2.     

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of multiple endocrine neoplasia

Background Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is relatively rare. But more patients could be found by detailed examination. We discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of MEN. Methods The clinical data of 95 MEN cases were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 cases of MEN1 including 19 cases from 6 families. The MEN1 gene mutation was detected in 81.48% of cases admitted after 1997. There were 22 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), 10 cases of enteropanceatic tumor including 9 cases of insulinoma, 15 cases of pituitary adenoma, 9 cases of adrenal adenoma, 2 cases of thymic carcinoid. Two patients had 4 glands involved, 3 patients had 3 glands involved, 16 patients had 2 glands involved, and 6 patients had only one gland involved. Three patients had neither clinical symptoms nor biochemical changes, and was diagnosed by MEN1 gene mutation. Six patients presented with nephrolithasis and 6 patients had impaired pancreatic endocrine function. There were 60 cases of MEN2a and 5 cases of MEN2b. 58 cases of MEN2a belongs to 19 kindreds. All MEN2a patients but one presented RET gene mutation in codon 634, and all MEN2b cases had mutation in codon 918. 48 cases of MEN2a had thyroid masses with elevated calcitonin levels. 27 patients had pheochromocytoma including 12 cases of multiple loci and 5 malignancy. 13 patients presented with hyperparathyroidism. 5 MEN2b patients had medullary thyroid carcinoma and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis with Marfanoid. Among them, 3 patients had bilateral pheochromocytoma. Results In MEN1, subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 12 patients with PHPT and one patient received parathyroid adenoma enucleation. Insulinomas were enucleated in 4 patients. Two patients underwent thymus tumor extirpation. Total thyroidectomy with bilateral dissection of regional lymph nodes was performed in 16 patients with MEN2a and nodule enucleation was performed in 9 patients. Twenty two MEN2a patients underwent pheochromocytoma enucleation including bilateral adrenal resection in 10 cases. 5 MEN2b patients underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection. Among them, 3 cases underwent bilateral adrenal operations. Conclusions MEN varies in symptoms. Germline mutation test is helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Surgical management should be aimed at the improvement of life quality in MEN1 and prevention of the fetal tumors in MEN2.     

多发性内分泌腺瘤2A型家系筛查和RET基因突变研究

目的 探讨多发性内分泌腺瘤2A型（MEN2A）的临床诊治特点及RET基因检测的意义.方法 对1976年6月至2013年2月间诊治的1个MEN2A家系共21例家庭成员进行系统家系调查,提取外周血进行RET基因和血清基础降钙素（Ct）水平检测.结果 基因检测家系内共10例家庭成员存在RET基因第11外显子p.C634Y 突变（10/21）,与临床完全符合.10例MEN2A患者中,男8例,女2例.7例甲状腺髓样癌（MTC）首次平均诊断年龄34.3（21-55）岁;肿瘤平均最大直径2.8（0.8-3.7）cm,5例接受了不规范的甲状腺切术,2例接受双侧甲状腺切除＋改良的双侧颈部淋巴结清扫,其中1例同期伴发甲状腺乳头状癌.平均随访172.4（10-440）个月,术后4例血清Ct水平升高,3例正常.7例中3例伴发双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤（PHEO;2例同时,1例异时）,平均首次诊断年龄48.3（42-58）岁,肿瘤平均最大直径7.0（4.4-8.5）cm;均接受了保留肾上腺皮质功能的PHEO切除术.分别随访15、17、120个月,未发生肾上腺皮质功能低下和复发、转移.通过家系调查发现的其中3例无症状RET基因突变携带者,平均年龄11.7（8-15）岁,均已随访17个月,Ct水平仍均轻度升高,均拒绝手术.结论 提高对MEN2A的认识和认知水平,整合临床筛查和RET基因检测,有利于MEN2A的及早诊断和规范化治疗,可减少手术并发症和提高远期治愈率.     

多发性内分泌瘤病2A型13例临床分析

目的探讨多发性内分泌瘤病2A型（MEN-2A型）的临床特点和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1988年至2011年我院收治的13例MEN－2A型患者的临床资料。13例均为嗜铬细胞瘤伴甲状腺髓样癌,无甲状旁腺功能亢进。其中8例甲状腺髓样癌发病早于嗜铬细胞瘤,5例同时伴发嗜铬细胞瘤。均行嗜铬细胞瘤切除,其中9例行双侧肾上腺肿物切除,4例行腹腔镜肾上腺肿物切除术;10例行甲状腺癌根治术,颈部淋巴结清扫,3例行甲状腺单侧叶切除术。结果术后病理检查,肾上腺均为嗜铬细胞瘤,其中恶性倾向3例;甲状腺均为甲状腺髓样癌。13例术后均随访至2012年6月,存活10例,死亡3例,死因均为甲状腺髓样癌远处转移。结论此病罕见,手术是治疗该病的惟一方法,当嗜铬细胞瘤与甲状腺髓样癌同时存在时,首先应切除嗜铬细胞瘤。     

多发性内分泌腺瘤2A 型家系的临床筛查及预防性甲状腺全切除术

目的：探讨多发性内分泌腺瘤2A型（multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A,MEN 2A）家系筛查的临床意义和进行预防性甲状腺全切除的可行性和有效性。方法对一个MEN 2A家系行家系调查,提取外周血行RET原癌基因和降钙素检测,并对无症状的基因突变携带者行预防性甲状腺全切除术。结果基因检测该家系为RET原癌基因第11外显子第634位点TGC→CGC杂合错义突变,即p．C634R突变,与MEN 2A患者临床表型-甲状腺髓样癌（ medullary thyroid carcinoma ,MTC）或MTC伴肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤（ pheochromocytom ,PHEO）完全共分离。6例MEN 2A中,男4例,女2例;首次诊断平均年龄33.5（19～65）岁;MTC平均直径2.3（0.7～5.2）cm。其中3例以颈部占位或伴腹泻就诊,接受了不规范的甲状腺切除术或＋双侧Ⅵ区淋巴结清扫或＋侧颈部淋巴结清扫;T2N1bM02例,T3N1bM01例。3例无症状者中2例行预防性甲状腺切除＋双侧Ⅵ区淋巴结清扫,另1例行双侧甲状腺全切除＋双侧Ⅵ区淋巴结清扫＋右侧颈淋巴结清扫术;T1N0M02例,T1N1bM01例。仅见1例无症状者伴发左侧PHEO（1/6）并优先于MTC接受了左侧PHEO切除。6例术后4例降钙素仍升高,其中有症状中的1例（ T3N1bM0）先后接受了4次颈部手术,仍于首次术后130个月出现多处骨转移伴骨痛（T3N1bM1）,服用范得他尼2个月后骨痛消失,至今带瘤生存32个月;另外有症状和无症状者各1例（T2N1bM0和T1N1bM0）,分别在首次术后6、7个月接受了再次手术,包括另1例未再次手术的有症状者（T2N1bM0）,3例至今分别已22、22和20个月,降钙素仍升高。其余2例无症状患者（T1N0M0）术后已随访20个月,降钙素均＜2.0 ng/L。结论对MEN 2A家系进行临床筛查,有利于早期诊断和治疗,改善预后;术前整合RET基因和降钙素检测,对无症状基因突变携带者进行预防性全甲状腺切除是可行、有效的。     

经乳晕径路腔镜甲状腺手术17例

目的:探讨经乳晕径路腔镜甲状腺手术的可行性及临床价值。方法:2004年3月至2006年3月,施行乳晕径路腔镜甲状腺切除术17例,其中单纯腺瘤切除8例,部分腺体切除9例。结果:手术全部成功,手术时间75~180m in,平均手术时间109m in。术中出血10~100m l,平均出血量33.5m l,术后48~72h拔除引流管,术后均有颈胸部紧缩感及疼痛,5例出现胸前淤斑,其中4例为乳房前淤斑,术后1周吸收。2例短时间内轻度声音嘶哑,2例乳沟切口局部感染,术后住院3~7d。12例术后随访2~12个月,彩超检查近期无复发。结论:经乳晕径路腔镜甲状腺手术安全可行,美容效果极佳。丧失触觉的腔镜甲状腺手术具有一定的盲目性,存在着漏诊、漏切的隐患。     

甲状旁腺腺瘤的手术治疗

目的:评价甲状旁腺腺瘤单侧探查手术治疗的效果。方法:分析解放军总医院2000~2005年收治的甲状旁腺腺瘤24例临床及手术治疗资料。结果:24例手术均获成功。22例单发腺瘤19例行单侧探查,3例行双侧探查;2例多发腺瘤行双侧探查,效果均满意。结论:甲状旁腺腺瘤行单侧探查手术即可,术前定位很重要,术中冰冻病理检查可明确诊断,可减少手术损伤。     

原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进外科手术临床分析

目的探讨原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（PHPT）外科手术治疗特点。方法回顾性分析我院2000-2011年收治的48例PHPT患者临床资料。结果48例PHPT患者均经手术、病理证实,临床表现多样化。术前联合B超、CT及甲状旁腺核素扫描,定位诊断准确。手术方式以直接单侧甲状旁腺腺瘤切除术为主,占83．3％,一次手术治愈率为97．9％。术后随访5个月-10年,除2例严重骨畸形、1例甲状旁腺癌骨转移改善不明显外,其余相关症状及体征均不同程度缓解,无永久性甲状旁腺功能减退症或喉返神经损伤等并发症。结论甲状旁腺切除术是治疗原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的唯一有效方法,80％以上患者经术前影像学定位后行单侧甲状旁腺直接切除可达到治愈效果．配合术者清晰的解剖、术中规范化操作可明显降低术后并发症,提高生存率。对于部分解剖变异、定位不清或考虑癌变者仍需大范围探查。     

原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的临床特点及治疗

目的：探讨我国原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症（PHPT）的临床特点和手术治疗方法。方法：分析1968－2001年间收治的28例PHPT患者的临床资料并与国内相关文献进行比较分析。结果：手术治疗28例,颈部探查术12例,囊肿切除术1例,癌根治术1例,甲状旁腺腺瘤直接切除术14例。术后病理证实,甲状旁腺腺瘤25例,甲状旁腺腺癌2例,甲状旁腺囊肿1例。28例PHPT患者全部治愈,肿瘤无复发。结论：在我国PHPT临床上比较少见,一般好发于30－40岁的青壮年,有骨病者占90％以上。单个甲状旁腺腺瘤可在颈小切口下直接行甲状旁腺腺瘤切除术,效果优于常规颈探查术。     

原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的诊治（附6例报告）

目的：探讨原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(PHPT)的诊断和治疗。方法：分析1999年7月～2002年12月收治的6例PHPT患的临床病理资料。结果：甲状旁腺腺瘤5例。其中骨型l例，肾型l例，肾骨型3例，均行病变甲状旁腺切除术。术后随访无复发。甲状旁腺癌l例，曾行4次手术治疗。2例术前发生甲状旁腺危象。6例均治愈出院。结论：PHPT诊断应结合临床表现、实验室检查、X线表现综合分析。PHPT定性诊断一旦明确即应行甲状旁腺的手术探查。B超及CT可作为定位的有效方法。对于定位准确的单发腺瘤，单侧小切口探查术创伤性小，值得推荐。     

肾上腺结节样肿物并发难治性高血压的手术治疗(附67例报告)

目的探讨肾上腺结节样肿物合并难治性高血压的诊断与外科治疗经验。方法总结67例肾上腺结节样肿物合并难治性高血压患者的发病年龄、临床表现、相关内分泌检查、影像与病理特点以及手术治疗后的相关变化。本组67例,年龄28～63岁,平均37.8岁,均有高血压病史,平均收缩压(196±33)mmHg,平均舒张压(127±15)mmHg。病程5～240个月,平均65.2个月。肾上腺结节样肿物位于左侧37例,右侧26例,双侧4例。血K+﹤3.5mmol/L者43例。肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮(ACTH)异常60例,3-甲氧基4-羟基扁桃酸(VMA)异常24例,7例内分泌学的检查均正常。CT或MRI显示肾上腺结节样肿物直径0.3～2.0cm。结果本组患者均行腹腔镜患侧肾上腺结节样肿物切除、肾上腺部分切除术或全部切除治疗。病理检查肾上腺皮质结节样增生28例,肾上腺皮质腺瘤39例。术后血钾、24h尿钾、血肾素醛固酮均恢复正常,术后6个月肾上腺皮质腺瘤组平均收缩压为(127±11)mmHg、平均舒张压为(80±7)mmHg,肾上腺皮质增生组平均收缩压为(135±12)mmHg、平均舒张压为(90±9)mmHg,较术前均有明显下降。结论利用腹腔镜手术行患侧肾上腺部分切除术或全部切除治疗肾上腺结节性肿物合并难治性高血压是安全、可行和有效的方法。     

多发性内分泌腺瘤病Ⅱb型(附一例报告)

本文报告一例同时患有甲状腺髓样癌双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤、多发性粘膜神经瘤、巨结肠症的病人,符合典型的MENⅡb型。结合文献复习,对本病临床特征进行了详细讨论。