Scleral fixation technique using 2 corneal tunnels for a dislocated intraocular lens

Several techniques are used to reposition dislocated intraocular lenses (IOLs). Most place a suture loop around the end of the haptic. However, in cases of a dislocated capsular bag containing the IOL, a dislocated IOL with a large haptic, or a miotic pupil, it is not easy to see the haptic ends to place the suture loop. We describe a scleral fixation technique that uses 2 corneal tunnels. A double-armed 10-0 polypropylene suture loop can be introduced through 1 corneal tunnel and placed around any accessible part of the haptic with the help of a bent 26 gauge needle. This modified technique is an easy and effective way to reposition the IOL.     

Scleral tunnel with conjunctival autograft for rescue management of extruded haptic: Surgical technique and review of literature

Extrusion of haptic is a rare complication after intra-scleral haptic fixation of intraocular lens (SF-IOL). Various techniques described for its management such as autologous scleral patch, cauterization of exposed haptic, reattempting the glued IOL and IOL explant have their own limitations. Presently, we describe a simple rescue technique for management of such situations. In this method, after performing localized conjunctival peritomy, 2 mm long partial-thickness scleral tunnel is fashioned with an angled 20-guage microvitreoretinal blade 1.5 mm away from the limbus in line with pre-existing defective scleral flap underneath which the exposed haptic is tucked securely. Following this, conjunctival autograft (CAG) with fibrin glue application is undertaken to combat conjunctival fibrosis. In three patients, where this technique was performed, had well-tucked haptic and maintained visual acuity with no complications at 3-months follow-up. This technique is a useful method of tucking extruded haptic after SFIOL in eyes subjected to multiple previous surgeries.     

人工晶状体前膜形成与晶状体襻固定位置的关系

目的 探讨人工晶状体前膜形成与晶状体支撑襻固定位置之间的关系。方法 对45例45只眼老年性白内障行白内障摘出及人工晶体植入术后人工晶状体前膜形成进行回顾性分析术中人工晶状体襻固定的位置。结果 人工晶状体襻固定于囊袋内1只眼;不对称囊袋和睫状体沟内固定26只眼;18只眼为完全睫状体沟内固定。结论 人工晶状体襻不完全睫状体沟内固定是前膜形成的因素之一,而囊袋内固定人工晶状体则可减少人工晶状体前膜的形成。     

两种囊袋张力环巩膜固定方法在中重度晶状体不全脱位治疗中的应用研究

目的 比较一期改良式囊袋张力环(modified capsular tension ring,MCTR)巩膜固定或二期囊袋张力环(capsular tension ring,CTR)-囊袋复合体巩膜固定治疗中重度晶状体不全脱位的临床效果.方法 回顾性研究.收集我院2012年1月至2015年12月中重度(120°～270°)晶状体不全脱位患者30例43眼,均在局部麻醉下行超声乳化白内障吸出及MCTR或CTR和IOL囊袋内植入术,A组23眼均采用MCTR联合IOL植入术,一期巩膜固定;B组20眼均采用一期CTR联合IOL植入术,3～6个月后行二期CTR-囊袋复合体巩膜固定术.观察两组术后6个月最佳矫正视力、术后囊袋复合体的位置及并发症等情况.结果 术后6个月,A组87％患眼最佳矫正视力≥0.6,B组95％患眼最佳矫正视力≥0.6,两组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后所有CTR、IOL均位于囊袋内,囊袋中度收缩偏中心A组2眼,B组1眼,两组发生率相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),均行YAG激光前囊膜松解后缓解.术后早期(1个月)并发症:前房渗出膜A组3眼,B组1眼;一过性高眼压A组5眼,B组2眼,两组两种并发症发生率相比差异均无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05).术后远期(6个月)并发症:后发性白内障A组3眼,B组1眼,两组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),均行YAG后囊切开术.结论 一期MCTR巩膜固定或二期CTR-囊袋复合体巩膜固定术后囊袋复合体的位置和稳定性均良好,对中重度晶状体脱位治疗均有效.     

A short haptic diameter modified J-loop intraocular lens for improved capsular bag performance

The laboratory and clinical characteristics of a modified J-loop intraocular lens (IOL) are presented. The lens features a 6 mm polymethylmethacrylate optic with uniplanar polypropylene loops of a 12 mm overall haptic diameter. The haptic design has a low resistance to compression at all diameters down to 9 mm. The relationship of the haptic configuration to the architecture of the capsular bag facilitates easy capsular bag implantation and consistent IOL centration in eyes with small and moderate capsular bag diameters. Three hundred fourteen lenses have been implanted over a one year period with no instance of asymmetric capsular bag-ciliary sulcus IOL placement, optic decentration, or pupillary capture.     

Spontaneous late dislocation of intraocular lens within the capsular bag in pseudoexfoliation patients

PURPOSE: To identify a delayed complication of cataract surgery in patients with zonular weakness caused by pseudoexfoliation syndrome. DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Eight eyes in seven patients with clinically diagnosed pseudoexfoliation syndrome who had undergone previous uncomplicated cataract extraction and placement of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. METHODS: This study evaluated eight cases of late spontaneous dislocation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses within the capsular bag in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Data were gathered retrospectively from patients' operative reports, medical records, and pathology reports. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Interval between original surgery and dislocation; (2) final best-corrected visual acuity and ocular outcome. RESULTS: All patients had a diagnosis of pseudoexfoliation syndrome and had previously undergone uncomplicated cataract surgery. No patient had any other predisposing factors that would lead to zonular dehiscence or weakness. Delayed dislocation of the entire capsular bag containing the intraocular lens (IOL) occurred spontaneously in all cases. Mean time from IOL implantation to dislocation was approximately 85 months (7 years and 1 month; range, 57-115 months) after surgery. Seven eyes were treated successfully with IOL exchange: six with placement of an anterior chamber IOL and one with scleral fixation of a posterior chamber IOL. The remaining case was treated by scleral fixation of the dislocated IOL. Gross pathology analysis of seven cases confirmed the presence of the IOL within the intact capsular bag. Six eyes have achieved final best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better. CONCLUSION: Patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome may be at risk for delayed spontaneous dislocation of IOL within the capsular bag after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Awareness of this newly recognized long-term complication may justify a reevaluation of surgical considerations for cataract removal in these patients.     

巩膜内无缝线后房型人工晶状体固定

巩膜内无缝线后房型人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)固定是近年来发展的一种矫正无囊膜支持无晶状体眼的新方法,可有效避免缝合IOL与缝线相关的并发症。巩膜内无缝线后房型IOL固定有多种方法,包括制备巩膜隧道类的采用针或玻璃体视网膜刀进行的无缝线巩膜内固定IOL植入、Yamane法带凸缘巩膜内IOL双针固定技术、经结膜入路法、自闭式巩膜切口固定法;以及制备巩膜瓣类的纤维蛋白胶辅助的巩膜内无缝线IOL固定术、无纤维蛋白胶辅助需缝合的IOL固定术。结果显示巩膜内无缝线后房型IOL固定是一种有效、安全、实用的手术方法,术后短期随访效果令人满意。但迄今为止,文献报道的病例数有限且随访时间较短,尚需对更多病例进行长期随访以明确其远期效果及安全性、稳定性。     

Transscleral suture technique for fixation of a dislocated posterior chamber intraocular lens

We describe a double-loop-knot technique for repositioning a displaced posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) that facilitates placement of scleral fixation sutures around the haptic for IOL stabilization. The technique minimizes the intraocular manipulations necessary to create a suture loop around the haptic of a dislocated IOL as well as scleral incisions required for IOL exchange.     

Combined suture-in-needle and scleral tunnel technique for scleral fixation of intraocular lens

We describe an intraocular lens (IOL) fixation technique that combines suture-in-needle and scleral tunnel techniques. A 10-0 polypropylene suture is inserted into the barrel of a 27-gauge sharp needle to tie the IOL haptic, and scleral tunnels are created to bury the knots for transscleral IOL fixation. The modification of the traditional scleral fixation technique simplifies the creation of a scleral covering and decreases harmful manipulations of the needle passing through the vitreous cavity.     

Double-knot transscleral suture fixation technique for displaced intraocular lenses

PURPOSE: To describe a simplified new technique for repositioning and attaching a suture to the haptic of a displaced posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL). METHODS: We describe a double-knot technique for repositioning and transscleral suture fixation of a subluxed posterior chamber IOL after penetrating keratoplasty. Two 10-0 Prolene transscleral sutures on straight needles are passed around the IOL haptic, tied extraocularly, and used to secure the repositioned haptic of the IOL. A second knot ties the transscleral suture in the scleral bed, stabilizing the haptic in the ciliary sulcus. RESULTS: In the case described, the IOL was stable and well positioned 2 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: The double-knot technique for intraocular repositioning and transscleral suture fixation of displaced posterior chamber IOLs reduces the extensive intraocular manipulation and scleral incisions required for IOL exchange and may reduce chronic irritation associated with iris fixation.     

A knotless, one-haptic fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses:one-year results

AIM: To assess the results of a modified technique for scleral fixation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) in eyes which had deficient of posterior capsular support. METHODS: This retrospective study was comprised of ten patients with deficient posterior capsular support who underwent one-haptic fixation of posterior chamber IOLs, between February 2010 and October 2011. IOL as implanted with one haptic supported on the capsular remnant and the other haptic drawn into the sulcus by anchoring suture without a knot. All patients were evaluated for pre- and postoperative visual acuity, lens centration, intra-and postoperative complications. RESULTS: A knotless, one-haptic fixation of posterior chamber IOLs has successfully been performed on ten eyes. All cases had inadequate capsular support (i.e. a capsular tear ranged from 5 to 7 clock hours). The average age was 74.25±8.87y (SD). The average postoperative uncorrected visual acuity was 0.51 logMAR. Complications included hyphema in one eye, a mild inflammatory reaction in the anterior chamber in two eyes, and a transient rise in IOP in one eye. Neither IOL tilt nor dislocation was observed and there were no later complications. CONCLUSION: In the presence of insufficient capsular support, a knotless, one-haptic fixation of posterior chamber IOLs is a safe and viable option which reduces the operation time, and minimizes postoperative suture-related complications.     

先天性晶状体半脱位超乳手术中植入囊袋张力环的临床观察

目的:评价晶状体囊袋张力环(capsular tension ring,CTR)在先天性晶状体半脱位超声乳化吸除术中的应用价值.方法:对18例31眼先天性晶状体半脱位患者行晶状体超声乳化吸除联合CTR及 IOL 植入术.测量手术前后视力,使用Image-ProPlus v6.0软件测定IOL位置,观察术中术后并发症.结果:所有患者术后裸眼视力均较术前提高.术后人工晶状体均有不同程度的偏心,其中2眼人工晶状体偏位大于2mm并逐渐加重,于术后3mo行Ⅱ期手术将偏位最大方向CTR缝合固定于巩膜后恢复正位.结论:在白内障合并晶状体半脱位患者中行晶状体超声乳化吸除术中植入CTR是安全有效的方法,有利于保持囊袋的稳定,便于手术操作,保持人工晶状体的基本正位,减少手术并发症.如术后晶状体偏位加重可Ⅱ期行CTR巩膜缝合固定术.     

Implantation of scleral-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lenses

A surgical technique for implanting a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) in eyes without capsular or zonular support is presented. A 10-0 polypropylene suture attached to a standard needle is tied to the apex of each haptic and passed transclerally through the ciliary sulcus to secure the haptics at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock meridians. This technique produced good visual results in six aphakic patients who were contact lens intolerant, two patients in whom capsular or zonular rupture at the time of cataract surgery precluded standard nonsuture fixation techniques, one patient who had intracapsular cataract extraction for a subluxated, cataractous lens, and one patient who had secondary IOL implantation in combination with penetrating keratoplasty for aphakic bullous keratopathy. Advantages over other techniques of posterior chamber lens implantation in the absence of capsular support include technical ease, avoidance of iris fixation, and more precise placement of scleral fixation sutures, thus minimizing IOL decentration.     

Spontaneous fracture of an implanted posterior chamber polyimide intraocular lens haptic: A case report

A 57-year-old male patient visited our clinic for decreased visual acuity in the right eye for 10 days. He denied any trauma history, but recalled that the symptom developed after straining. He had undergone uncomplicated phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the bag of the right eye 11 years ago. The IOL was a three-piece silicone polyimide-haptics design. On slit-lamp examination, the IOL optic and proximal part of nasal fractured haptic were found in the anterior chamber. The distal part of fractured haptic was observed in the capsular bag. He underwent IOL exchange. The fracture site of the haptic was near the optic–haptic junction. This is the unique case report of a spontaneous fracture of an implanted posterior chamber polyimide IOL haptic, which implies the possibility of IOL haptic fracture in various haptic materials.     

In-the-bag dislocation of a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens

We report a case of a dislocated hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) inducing astigmatism and causing chronic pain and cystoid macular edema as a result of a folded haptics, which mechanically irritated the iris. Scanning electron micrographs of the explanted IOL, including the capsular bag, showed a folded IOL haptic incarcerated in the capsular bag.     

Ein 3-D-Kapselsackmodell zur Beschreibung der biomechanischen Eigenschaften neuer Kunstlinsentypen

BACKGROUND: This study quantified the geometric deformation of the capsular bag following implantation of various intraocular lenses (IOL) using a three-dimensional capsular bag model made of silicone caoutchouc. METHODS: After implantation of 13 different IOLs (polymethylmethacrylate, silicone acrygel) into the artificial bag, the induced capsular bag deformation was measured and analyzed. The posterior space between IOL and capsule was examined by ultrasonographic biomicroscopy. RESULTS: Polymethylmethacrylate IOLs with C-haptic design induced a greater deformation of the capsular bag than silicone lenses; however, both types showed a larger gap posterior to the IOL than acrygel lenses. Acrygel IOLs with different haptic design revealed only minimal deformation with close contact posteriorly. CONCLUSIONS: The presented three-dimensional model simulates the biomechanical and geometrical parameters of the vital capsular bag. Further investigations may determine a correlation of close posterior IOL contact and lens epithelial cell progression.     

Evaluation of suturless scleral fixation with posterior chamber foldable intraocular lens implantation

AIM: To assess the sutureless scleral fixation technique for posterior chamber foldable intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation in aphakic eyes with insufficient or no capsular support. METHODS: A technique for sutureless intrascleral fixation of the haptics of a standard 3-piece PCIOL was used which ensures sutureless fixation by permanent incarceration of the haptics in a scleral tunnel parallel to the limbus. All patients were evaluated for preoperative status [visual acuity, refractive error, K readings, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, slit lamp examination, fundus examination and optical biometry], postoperative status and complications. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was done for 10 cases to evaluate optic tilt. RESULTS: The study evaluated 42 eyes of 42 patients. The follow-up period was 6mo. Improvement of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) one line occurred in 10 cases (23.8%) and loss of one line in 3 cases (7.1%). Intraoperative complications included: haptic kink in 4 cases (9.5%), haptic breakage in 1 case (2.4%), haptic dislocation in 1 case (2.4%), haptic slippage in 3 cases (7.1%), IOL dislocation in 1 case (2.4%) and sclerotomy related bleeding in 1 case (2.4%). Postoperative complications included: transient mild vitreous hemorrhage in 3 cases (7.1%), choroidal detachment in 1 case (2.4%), cystoid macular edema (CME) in 1 case (2.4%), optic capture in 1 case (2.4%), subconjunctival haptic in 2 cases (4.8%), ocular hypotony in 4 cases (9.5%) and ocular hypertension in 1 case (2.4%). There were no cases of retinal detachment or endophthalmitis. UBM showed optic tilt in 3 cases (30%). CONCLUSION: Fixation of three-piece foldable IOL haptics in scleral tunnel parallel to the limbus- provided axial stability and proper centration of the IOL with minimal or no tilt in most cases and a low complication rate during the follow up period which lasted 6mo.     

Repositioning and scleral fixation of the subluxated lens capsule using an intraocular anchoring device in experimental models

PURPOSE: To describe a new device for repositioning and scleral fixation of the capsular bag of subluxated lenses in experimental models. SETTING: Laboratory for Experimental Microsurgery, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel. METHODS: The capsular anchoring device is a poly(methyl methacrylate) 1-plane implant consisting of 2 handles that grasp the edges of the capsulorhexis and a base for scleral fixation with a single 10-0 or 9-0 polypropylene suture. A temporary safety suture can be used to facilitate manipulations and prevent loss of the device through the zonular defect until it is secured to the scleral wall. The device was implanted in porcine eyes and living rabbit eyes. An animal model of lens subluxation was achieved by tearing about one third of the zonules. Capsule centration, implant stability, and inflammatory reaction were evaluated 2 to 4 weeks after implantation in the living model. RESULTS: The device was implanted in 7 porcine eyes and 9 living rabbit eyes. A lens subluxation model was created in 4 porcine eyes and 2 rabbit eyes. The device effectively pulled the capsular bag to the center and remained stable up to 4 weeks thereafter. Very large zonular dialysis (>5 hours) was managed using 2 devices. Successful intraocular lens implantation was done repeatedly in the presence of the device. The implant was well tolerated in all rabbit eyes. Histopathological examination of the enucleated eyes revealed no inflammatory reaction or adhesions. The margin of the anterior capsulorhexis remained intact in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental studies of a capsular anchoring device for subluxated lenses confirmed the safety and efficacy of the new device. A capsular tension ring can also be inserted separately to further stabilize the capsular bag.     

Minimally invasive relocation of subluxated single piece AcrySof intraocular lens

We describe an ab externo technique for scleral fixation of a subluxated single piece AcrySof (Alcon, Texas, USA) intraocular lens (IOL). A 10-0 polypropylene transcleral suture brought out of a paracentesis and traced back to form a loop is used to tie a cow hitch knot around a temporarily externalised haptic. The one piece design of the IOL, with flexible haptics, allows temporary externalisation through a 1.2 mm paracentesis. The tacky nature of the haptic material, square edges and the knob at the tip prevent slippage of the knot. The advantage of this technique is that the same one piece AcrySof IOL is retained and secured, while the risks and manipulations associated with explantation and exchange are avoided. While mere sulcus placement of a single piece AcrySof IOL may be associated with complications, scleral fixation is a viable solution.     

Repositioning and scleral fixation of subluxated lenses using a T-shaped capsule stabilization hook

We describe a T-shaped capsule stabilization hook (modified capsule expander [M-CE]) used for repositioning and scleral fixation of the lens capsule of subluxated lenses. The 5-0 polypropylene device is flexible and attached to a curved needle. The contact portion is bent at 1.25 mm, and the end bifurcates in a T configuration to form a 3.75 mm footpad from which the capsular bag can be suspended. Modified capsule expanders were implanted in 4 eyes of 4 patients with subluxated cataractous lenses and provided excellent support and centration of the intraocular lens (IOL)-capsular bag complex. The IOLs remained well centered and stable. The corrected distance visual acuity improved to at least 20/20 in all patients after surgery. Thus, M-CEs were effective in fixating the lens capsule to the sclera in patients with significant zonular weakness.