8.5/11.5F精囊镜在顽固性血精诊治中的应用

目的:探讨8.5/11.5F精囊镜技术在顽固性血精诊治中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2012年6月至2014年6月应用8.5/11.5F精囊镜技术诊断和治疗顽固性血精患者78例,术前行血清前列腺总特异性抗原(t PSA)、经直肠超声、盆腔MRI或CT扫描等检查,应用8.5/11.5F精囊镜观察精阜、前列腺小囊,在超滑镍钛导丝引导下将精囊镜通过射精管开口或射精管内侧管壁开窗进入精囊,进行检查、冲洗、取石、钬激光碎石等治疗。结果:78例患者均顺利完成手术。术中发现射精管开口异常5例,前列腺小囊及精囊粘膜炎性充血78例,合并精囊内暗红色胶浆样物质34例,合并精路结石19例,合并精囊小息肉2例,合并射精管或精囊囊肿4例,行冲洗、取石、钬激光碎石、息肉切除等治疗。术后轻度肉眼血尿13例,均于术后2周内消失;盆腔血肿1例,经保守治疗,术后3个月血肿消失;急性附睾炎2例,应用抗感染治疗后感染控制。术后随访1年,3例患者术后再次出现血精。结论:应用F8.5/11.5精囊镜技术对顽固性血精患者进行诊治,具有操作舒适、视野广、操作通道大、并发症少等优点,值得在临床推广。     

精囊镜检诊治顽固性血精

目的探讨经尿道精囊镜检诊治顽固性血精的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院自2008年9月以来开展经尿道精囊镜检诊治8例顽固性血精患者的临床资料,结合文献复习顽固性血精的治疗方法。年龄26～55岁,平均42岁,血精病程6～48个月,平均12个月,药物和物理治疗无效。采用7F输尿管硬镜行经尿道精囊镜检。结果 8例精囊镜检手术均成功,手术时间分别为20～75min,平均35min。精囊镜检示慢性炎症5例,精囊结石2例,射精管梗阻扩张1例。无尿道和精囊损伤等并发症。术后随访时间3～24个月,7例患者血精症状消失,1例术后9个月再发血精。结论经尿道精囊镜检操作简单,创伤小,可作为顽固性血精的有效诊治方法之一。     

Prospective trial comparing transrectal ultrasonography and transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy for persistent hematospermia

Objective: To compare the diagnostic yield of transrectal ultrasonography and transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy in patients with persistent hematospermia, and to determine the advantages and disadvantages of both modalities. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 106 patients with persistent hematospermia of mean duration 20.5 months. All patients were evaluated by both transrectal ultrasonography and transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy after excluding definite etiological lesions beyond the reproductive duct system. The diagnostic yield and other technical parameters of both modalities were compared. Results: Final diagnoses were made in 93 patients (87.7%), with transrectal ultrasonography and transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy showing overall diagnostic yields of 45.3% and 74.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). The diagnostic yield of combining transrectal ultrasonography and transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy was significantly higher than that of each modality alone (both P < 0.001). Of the 114 findings of diagnostic value, the most frequent was calculus (47.4%, n = 54), followed by obstruction/stricture (37.7%, n = 43), cyst (8.8%, n = 10), dysplasia (3.5%, n = 4), polyp (1.8%, n = 2) and benign mass (0.9%, n = 1). Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy showed significant superiority in detecting calculi and obstruction/stricture. Hematospermia disappeared in 95.3% (101/106) of all patients and in 97.6% (83/85) of patients receiving transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy therapy during follow up. No major adverse effects occurred during and after examination. Conclusions: The diagnostic yield of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy for persistent hematospermia was significantly superior to that of transrectal ultrasonography, especially in lesions diagnosed with calculi and obstruction/stricture. Combining both modalities might provide extra benefits for patients with persistent hematospermia.     

汽化电切镜下经尿道前列腺剜除术30例体会

目的:探讨电切镜下经尿道前列腺剜除术的手术方法和临床疗效。方法:回顾分析经尿道前列腺电切术中用腔内剜除法治疗30例良性前列腺增生症(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)患者的临床资料。结果:30例均获痊愈,与前列腺汽化电切术相比手术时间、出血量、膀胱冲洗时间、留置尿管时间、并发症、术后最大尿流率差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腔内剜除法是经尿道前列腺汽化电切术中切实可行的方法,尤适于重度增生患者,值得临床推广应用。     

射精管扩张联合精囊冲洗治疗顽固性血精

目的:探讨射精管扩张联合精囊冲洗治疗顽固性血精的临床价值。方法:采用经尿道输尿管镜技术,对32例顽固性血精患者直视下行经尿道扩张射精管、抗生素冲洗精囊治疗。结果:32例顽固性血精患者均行射精管扩张,31例成功,平均手术时间32 min,中位随访23.6个月,术后无逆行射精、尿失禁等并发症。血精症状完全消失且无复发27例,1例患者术后血精症状无减轻,3例分别于术后3、5、8个月后复发。对伴有勃起功能障碍及精神焦虑症状的患者,术后平均IIEF-EF评分显著提高,SAS评分显著降低。结论:应用经尿道输尿管镜技术行射精管扩张联合精囊冲洗治疗顽固性血精,安全性高、疗效好、创伤较小、并发症发生率低,操作简便,可以同时达到检查和治疗的目的,值得在临床推广应用。     

Percutaneous endoscopic management of persistent urine leak after partial nephrectomy

PURPOSE: As nephron-sparing surgery becomes more commonly used for the management of renal masses, the incidence of complications unique to this procedure will increase. Urine leak after partial nephrectomy (PN) is a common occurrence that can be difficult to manage if conservative measures fail. We describe our approach for persistent urine leaks after PN. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two patients presented with urine leaks after PN. After an upper-pole heminephrectomy, fever developed in the first patient. CT showed an intra-abdominal fluid collection, and percutaneous drainage confirmed a urine leak with persistently high outputs from an upper-pole calix. Conservative management, including ureteral stent, Foley catheter, and percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) drainage failed. The calix was then directly accessed percutaneously, dilated to 30F, and a 22F nephrostomy tube was placed through the tract into the renal pelvis. The urine leak quickly resolved. The second patient had a lower pole heminephrectomy, and a urine leak with nephrocutaneous fistula from the posterior aspect of the upper-pole remnant developed. Again, conservative measures failed before percutaneous endoscopy. The PCN tract was dilated to 30F, and 3 weeks later the leaking calix was fulgurated through the tract with a flexible ureteroscope. RESULTS: Both patients had complete resolution of urine leaks, stable creatinine levels, and required no further intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Urine leak after PN remains a complex problem if conservative measures are unsuccessful. We describe a novel technique to percutaneously manage persistent urine leak after PN through a minimally invasive approach.     

The endoscopic management of persistent bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: Bile leakage after laparoscopic biliary surgery is a surgical challenge in which endoscopy can play an important role. Methods: A total of 26 patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in our department. Patients with evidence of major ductal injury were treated surgically. In all other cases, endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed, any retained bile duct stones were removed, and a biliary endoprosthesis or a nasobiliary catheter was inserted on a selective basis. Results: ERCP was successful in 24 patients. Seven patients were treated surgically after cholangiography revealed major ductal injury. Two more patients were eventually operated on due to bile peritonitis. Of the other 15 patients, 11 had leakage from the cystic duct and four had leakage from the gallbladder bed. Bile duct stones were removed from eight patients, an endoprosthesis were inserted in five patients, and a nasobiliary catheter was inserted in two patients. Bile leakage was treated successfully in all 15 patients with no further complications. Conclusion: ERCP is a means of safe diagnosing the cause of a bile leakage and offers a definitive treatment in most cases.     

鼻内镜诊治顽固性鼻出血的临床分析

目的总结鼻内镜诊治顽固性鼻出血的临床经验. 方法回顾性分析我院1998年1月～2004年12月258例顽固性鼻出血的临床资料,全部病例经鼻内镜探查鼻腔,行相应止血治疗. 结果鼻中隔出血118例,鼻腔侧壁出血47例,肿瘤出血8例,出血部位不明85例.258例中,有效257例(99.6%),死亡1例(0.4%),治疗过程中再出血43例,出血部位不明组再出血发生率明显高于出血部位明确组(χ2＝17.689,P=0.000). 结论鼻内镜下顽固性鼻出血的治疗重点应放在首次治疗,须仔细寻找出血部位,力争首次治疗成功;对反复出血病例应采取鼻内镜下前鼻填塞、鼻内镜下前后鼻栓塞、颌内动脉栓塞等综合治疗.     

经尿道双极等离子束电切治疗难治性尿道狭窄的疗效观察

目的探讨经尿道双极等离子体电切治疗尿道狭窄的安全性和有效性。方法2006年12月～2007年12月采用经尿道双极等离子体（柱状及襻状电极）电切治疗尿道狭窄10例,其中骨盆骨折所致1例,会阴部骑跨伤4例,前列腺电切术后狭窄2例,长期留置尿管后狭窄3例。结果10例手术均获成功．术中出血量10～30ml：术后随访10例,自行排尿通畅,无性功能障碍和尿失禁,术后6个月Qmax15—24ml／s。所有病例随访期间未出现再狭窄。结论经尿道双极等离子束电切治疗尿道狭窄,具有低温切割、切割准确、术后尿道再狭窄少等优点,是很有效的微创新技术之一。     

颅脑外伤后持续性植物状态的影像预测与对策

持续性植物状态(persistent vegetatitve state,PVS)是一种持续生存而无意识的状态,可发生在颅脑外伤后.本院自1996年10月至2002年10月,共收治颅脑外伤1547例,其中22例呈PVS.笔者对外伤后不同时期的影像学特点进行了分析,现报告如下.     

Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in diagnosis and management of congenital choledochal cysts: 28 pediatric cases

Background/purposeManagement of choledochal cysts consists of surgical excision and hepaticojejunal anastomosis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be used to resolve complications and to evaluate the biliary tract and pancreatobiliary duct junction. Our aim was to underline the importance of ERCP for optimal management.MethodsFrom 2005 to 2011, 28 patients were reviewed (21 female, 7 male; mean age, 5.71 years; range, 2-16 years). After imaging, all patients underwent elective ERCP and were referred for surgery.ResultsCholedochal cyst was diagnosed at ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in all examined patients; common biliopancreatic duct was diagnosed in 3 (20%) of 15 patients at magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and in none at ultrasound. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed choledochal cyst in all patients and common biliopancreatic duct in 19 (68%) of 28 patients. Twelve patients underwent sphincterotomy. All patients underwent surgical extrahepatic biliary tree resection and hepaticojejunal anastomosis. Mean period of hospitalization was 9.5 days (range, 6-13 days). No major complications related to ERCP were observed. Two patients needed postoperative ERCP for complications (pancreatitis during follow-up).ConclusionsIn our pediatric experience, ERCP is feasible and safe. It can rule out other possible biliary tract anomalies and help plan the timing and choice of the appropriate surgical procedure.     

尿道内切开术治疗24例外伤性尿道狭窄

目的探讨尿道内冷刀切开术治疗外伤性尿道狭窄的效果。方法24例尿道狭窄患者,均采用尿道镜下经尿道内切开术治疗,现对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果24例手术均顺利完成。术后随访6～12个月,14例术后排尿通畅。最大尿流率〉15ml／s,8例术后出现尿流变细行定期尿道扩张,2例再狭窄者行二次尿道内切开手术治愈。结论尿道内切开术治疗尿道狭窄疗效可靠,具有创伤小、并发症少等优点,而且要求硬件条件低,适应于基层医院开展。尿道扩张可以巩固手术效果和降低狭窄复发率。     

高频能量发生器经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(附43例报道)

目的 探讨应用高频能量发生器(HFG)经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的安全性和有效性.方法 采用HFG的能量助推双极等离子电切单元行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌43例,能量助推混切电极切除肿瘤直达深肌层,同时扩大到电切距肿瘤基底边缘1cm范围的正常组织,术后个体化定期膀胱内灌注羟基喜树碱.结果 手术时间15 ～ 55min,平均30min.全组无膀胱穿孔病例,31例侧壁或伴发侧壁肿瘤者有15例发生不同程度的闭孔神经反射.全组随访6 ～18个月,复发4例,均行再次电切.结论 HFG经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌安全有效.     

A rare psoas hernia: endoscopic diagnosis and management

Of the various traumatic injuries associated with blunt abdominal trauma, traumatic hernias form a rare and small group. We present a case report of a hernia in the psoas muscle in a 26-year-old lady diagnosed during extraperitoneal repair for inguinal hernia. The hernia was managed laparoscopically by reduction of contents and mesh placement over the defect. This is the first such case reported in the literature till date.     

51例外伤后迁延性骨髓炎的治疗体会

目的探讨外伤后迁延性骨髓炎的合理治疗方法.方法对51例患者再次进行手术,A组36例采取彻底病灶清除、去除原内固定,用外固定支架固定;B组15例采取彻底病灶清除、保留原内固定.对于组织缺损骨外露,A、B组均采用转移皮瓣,并加以双管灌洗引流.结果 A组愈合优良34例,优良率94.4%,B组愈合优良10例,优良率66.7%,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论对于外伤后迁延性骨髓炎采用彻底清除病灶、去除原有内固定后,改用外固定支架固定、辅以灌洗引流是一种有效的治疗方法.     

Pancreatitis or duodenal perforation after peri-Vaterian therapeutic endoscopic procedures: diagnosis, differentiation, and management

The diagnosis, differentiation, and management of severe pancreaticoduodenal complications occurring after therapeutic endoscopic sphincterotomy and related procedures on the ampulla of Vater were reviewed for 254 patients. Five patients had duodenal (peri-Vaterian) perforation and six patients had clinically significant pancreatitis. Most patients were not suspected of having a significant complication the night of the procedure despite abdominal pain. Computer tomography proved to be the most accurate test for establishing the existence of a significant complication. A periduodenal collection of fluid (abscess) without significant pancreatic enlargement was the predominant complication in patients with duodenal perforation. In patients who had pancreatitis after peri-Vaterian procedures, generalized pancreatic enlargement and peripancreatic edema were most prominent. Four of the five patients with duodenal perforation required surgical drainage; all recovered. In contrast, four of the six patients with pancreatitis had medical therapy. One patient with pancreatitis died after multiple pancreatitic debridements were done. A second patient with pancreatitis who underwent exploration eventually recovered. Pancreaticoduodenal complications after therapeutic endoscopic sphincterotomy and related procedures are difficult to diagnose early; they should be suspected early and approached aggressively to limit morbidity and death.