血清骨钙素在2型糖尿病肾病中的临床价值研究

目的 探讨血清骨钙素（osteocalcin,OC）在2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）患者中的表达水平和临床价值。方法 选取2型糖尿病患者361例,按照尿白蛋白/肌酐比值（urinary albumin creatinine ratio,UACR）将所有患者分为三组：正常白蛋白尿组246例、微量白蛋白尿组83例、大量白蛋白尿组32例;另选取同期性别、年龄相匹配的健康体检者55名作为正常对照组。检测T2DM患者和正常对照组血清骨钙素以及其他指标,对结果进行统计学分析。结果 正常对照组、正常白蛋白尿组,微量白蛋白尿和大量白蛋白尿组血清骨钙素水平比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）;正常对照组血清骨钙素均显著低于各组别的T2DM患者（P均<0.05）,正常白蛋白尿组显著高于微量白蛋白尿组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血清骨钙素为T2DM患者早期糖尿病肾病发生的独立影响因子。T2DM患者血清骨钙素水平与UACR呈正相关,与HbA1c呈负相关。结论 2型糖尿病患者血清骨钙素表达水平下调,是早期糖尿病肾病发生的独立影响因子,其表达水平受UACR和HbA1c等指标的调节。     

血清C-反应蛋白与2型糖尿病肾病相关分析

目的：观察血清C-反应蛋白（CRP）在2型糖尿病肾病不同时期的变化．方法：测定40例2型糖尿病患者正常白蛋白尿期[尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）〈20μg／min];42例2型糖尿病肾病患者微量白蛋白尿期（20μg／min〈UAER〈200μg／min）;36例2型糖尿病肾病患者大量白蛋白尿期（UAER〉200μg／min）的血清CRP含量,并与40例健康对照组比较．结果：2型糖尿病正常白蛋白尿组患者的血清CRP值高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,而2型糖尿病肾病微量白蛋白尿组患者的血清CRP值高于正常对照组,也高于正常白蛋白尿组（均为P〈0．05）．2型糖尿病肾病大量白蛋白尿组患者的血清CRP值高于正常对照组,高于正常白蛋白尿组,也高于微量白蛋白尿组（均为P〈0．05）．结论：血清CRP在糖尿病肾病不同时期中有不同程度升高,且糖尿病肾病患者血清CRP水平随尿白蛋白增加而升高．血清CRP与2型糖尿病肾病的发展密切相关．     

2型糖尿病患者血清CRP与微量白蛋白尿的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病（12DM）患者血清C-反应蛋白（cRP）水平的变化及其与微量白蛋白尿的关系。方法测定160例T2DM患者（12DM组）及100例正常人（对照组）的CRP及尿微量白蛋白（mALB），并根据有无微量白蛋白尿将T2DM组分为正常白蛋白尿组（84例）及微量白蛋白尿组（76例），分析比较各组间CRP水平。结果T2DM组CRP及尿微量白蛋白水平显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），微量白蛋白尿组CRP水平显著高于正常白蛋白尿组（P〈0．05）。结论CRP与2型糖尿病及糖尿病。肾病密切相关。     

血清HGF、LDL联检对2型糖尿病肾病的临床意义

探讨血清肝细胞生长因子(HGF)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)在糖尿病肾病(DN)的发生、发展过程中的临床意义。1对象与方法1.1对象45例2型糖尿病肾病分为3组。①微量白蛋白尿组(DM1)15例;②临床白蛋白尿组(DM2)15例;③肾功能不全组(DM3)15例。正常对照组(NC)20例。     

糖尿病肾病与骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者尿微量白蛋白与骨密度的关系及其相关性.方法随机选取我院T2DM患者203例,测定研究组腰椎(L1-L4)、股骨颈的骨密度,并根据尿微量白蛋白定量设:T2DM正常白蛋白尿组(<30mg/24h)(1组)、T2DM微量白蛋白尿组(30-300mg/24h)(2组)、T2DM大量白蛋白尿组(≥300mg/24h)(3组),比较不同白蛋白尿组骨密度的差异,将T2DM患者尿白蛋白定量与骨密度作相关性分析.结果 T2DM患者微量白蛋白尿组和大量白蛋白尿组股骨颈的骨密度较正常白蛋白尿组显著降低(p<0.05),腰椎的骨密度也呈下降趋势(p>0.05).结论糖尿病肾病患者骨密度降低.     

无症状脑梗死与2型糖尿病肾病发生发展的相关性研究

目的 探讨无症状脑梗死(SCI)与2型糖尿病肾病发生发展的相关性.方法 选取2006年1月～2011年1月住院且随访资料完成的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者327例.根据患者尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(ACR)分为正常蛋白尿组(ACR＜30 mg/g,184例)、微量白蛋白尿组(ACR=30～299 mg/g,143例).经头颅CT或MRI诊断SCI.以正常蛋白尿组患者出现微量白蛋白尿,微量白蛋白尿组患者出现大量白蛋白尿(ACR≥300mg/g)为一级终点.应用Kaplan-Meier法计算一级终点累计发生情况.Cox风险模型分析一级终点发生的独立危险因素 结果 平均随访39个月后,32例正常蛋白尿组患者和39例微量白蛋白尿组患者达到一级终点.并发SCI患者一级终点达到率明显高于未并发SCI患者(P＜0.05).多因素Cox模型分析显示,并发SCI患者到达一级终点的风险比为2.19(P ＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病患者并发SCI与糖尿病肾病的发生发展关系密切.     

2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿患者sICAM-1的检测及其临床意义

目的:研究2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿患者血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子(sICAM-1)的水平及其与尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)的相互关系。方法:采用ELISA法和放免法分别测定30例健康人(正常对照组)、30例2型糖尿病正常白蛋白尿患者、28例2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿患者sICAM-1和UAER水平。结果:①2型糖尿病正常白蛋白尿组sICAM-1水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05);②在排除代谢因素影响后(两组年龄、病程、BM I、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HbA1 c等无显著性差异),2型糖尿病组中微量白蛋白尿组与正常白蛋白尿组sICAM-1相比有显著性差异(P<0.05);③2型糖尿病组UAER与sICAM-1正相关,相关系数0.53(P<0.01),尤其在微量白蛋白尿组,相关系数达0.59(P<0.01)。结论:sICAM-1增高可能参与了2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿的发生、发展过程,它的检测可作为早期糖尿病肾病(DN)的诊断、治疗、预后观察的一个临床指标。     

血浆总同型半胱氨酸水平与2型糖尿病肾病的关系

目的了解2型糖尿病（DM）人群中血浆总同型半胱氨酸（tHcy）水平与其肾病的关系。方法采用高效液相层析法（HPLC）检测191例2型DM患者血浆tHcy水平。放射免疫法测定24h尿清蛋白含量,计算尿清蛋白排泌率（UAER）。比较肾病各期：正常清蛋白尿、微量清蛋白尿、大量清蛋白尿及肾功能不全者间血浆tHcy水平。结果LntHcy值在微量清蛋白尿组明显高于正常清蛋白尿组,肾功能不全组明显高于其他三组,但大量清蛋白尿组与正常清蛋白尿组、微量清蛋白尿组比较均无显著差异。逐步多元回归分析显示同型半胱氨酸（LntHcy）、高血压、糖尿病病程、胆固醇（CHOL）、血清清蛋白与LnUAER独立相关（R^2=0．400,P=0．002）。结论①随着糖尿病肾病的加重,血浆tHcy水平有逐渐升高的趋势。②Hcy是糖尿病肾病的独立危险因素,可能成为联系微量清蛋白尿与动脉粥样硬化的中间环节。     

高敏C反应蛋白和白细胞介素-6在2型糖尿病肾病中的作用

目的:探讨糖尿病肾病不同时期血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的变化及它们在糖尿病肾病(DN)发生发展过程中的作用。方法:分别用胶乳增强免疫比浊法和ELISA法测定98例2型糖尿病患者血清hs-CRP和IL-6水平,并根据24小时尿白蛋白排泄率将其分为正常白蛋白尿组(DM1)、微量白蛋白尿组(DM2)和大量白蛋白尿组(DM3),且与40例正常人对照(NC)。尿24小时微量白蛋白(UAER)用放免法测定。结果:98例2型DM患者的hs-CRP和IL-6浓度比40例正常对照显著增加[(13.05±7.84)mg/Lvs(1.05±0.38)mg/L,P<0.05],[(17.65±7.93)ng/Lvs(6.02±2.45)ng/L,P<0.05]。且2型DM的DM1组、DM2组和DM3组患者血清hs-CRP水平相比,依次显著增高(P<0.05和0.01),IL-6浓度也依次增高,分别为(P<0.05和0.01)。hs-CRP与IL-6呈高度正相关(r=0.753,P<0.01),也与UAER呈高度正相关(r=0.782,P<0.01)。结论:hs-CRP和IL-6浓度在2型DM患者中显著增加,且在并发DN的2型DM患者增加更显著,血清hs-CRP和IL-6浓度增高可能是糖尿病肾病的重要危险因素。     

2型糖尿病肾病相关危险因素分析

目的：探讨2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病( DN)相关危险因素。方法对258例2型糖尿病患者根据尿微量白蛋白/肌酐值( ACR)分为3组,分别是正常白蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组、大量白蛋白尿组,同时对3组采集的数据进行统计分析。结果大量白蛋白尿组和微量白蛋白尿组的糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白( HBA1C)、血尿酸( UA)、同型半胱氨酸( Hcy)、超敏C反应蛋白(CRP)高于正常白蛋白尿组,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05);logisitic回归分析中糖尿病病程和糖化血红蛋白被纳入回归方程,是糖尿病肾病的独立危险因素。结论2型糖尿病病程长、血糖控制欠佳是糖尿病肾病发生发展的关键因素。血尿酸、同型半胱氨酸及C反应蛋白与糖尿病肾病具有相关性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.