快速乳胶凝集试验在检测外阴和阴道念珠菌感染的应用

目的评价快速乳胶凝集试验诊断阴道念珠菌病的价值.方法用乳胶凝集法对临床拟诊念珠菌感染的119例妇女阴道分泌物进行检测,同时与阴道分泌物直接镜检法和培养法相比较.结果凝集法对阴道念珠菌感染的检出率为58.8%,高于培养法(56.3%)和直接镜检法(31.1%). 与培养法比较,快速凝集法的诊断敏感性为89.6%,特异性为80.8%.结论凝集法能快速诊断外阴阴道念珠菌病.虽成本略高于直接镜检法和培养法,但凝集法能缩短检测时间,且操作简便,可对念珠菌感染做初步诊断.     

快速乳胶凝集试验在测阴道念珠菌感染的作用

阴道念珠菌是一种念珠感染引起的常见皮肤粘膜疾病，是常见的妇女阴道炎之一。典型临床表现为外阴搔痒和阴道分泌物增多，传统手工法通过实验室分泌物直接镜检和培养可确诊，但直接镜检阳性率不高，培养时间较长，我们于2005年3月开始运用乳胶凝集法观察了107例拟诊阴道念珠菌感染的患者，取得了较满意的结果。     

探讨三种方法对念珠菌性阴道炎的诊断价值

目的 探讨泰尔-马丁(T-M)、沙氏两种培养基和直接镜检三种方法对念珠菌性阴道炎的诊断价值.方法 对110例门诊阴道炎患者阴道、宫颈分泌物标本进行2种培养基平行培养,其中59例同时涂片直接镜检.结果 以沙氏培养法作参比,T-M培养的敏感性为89.8%,特异性100%;镜检敏感性50.0%,特异性100%.结论 直接镜检受主、客观因素影响,敏感性低,作为标准淋球菌培养的T-M培养基,对阴道念珠菌感染有较好诊断价值.在提高阴道炎念珠菌检出率的同时,需注明检出方法及直接镜检中孢子、假菌丝出现的情况,供临床医生参考.     

阴道念珠菌感染3种检测方法的比较

目的 比较阴道分泌物涂片两种涂片法与真菌培养法检测念珠菌的结果.方法 对阴道炎患者的阴道分泌物做真菌培养,并应用生理盐水涂片法、细菌性阴道病检测试剂B液(10%KOH)涂片直接镜检检测念珠菌,将3种方法的结果进行比较并做统计学处理.结果 226例阴道炎患者的阴道分泌物B液(10%KOH)涂片镜检法检出念珠菌27.4%,...     

不同微生物检验法对念珠菌阴道炎患者阴道分泌物的检出效果分析

目的 研究应用3种不同微生物检验法对念珠菌阴道炎患者阴道分泌物的检测效果。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年6月麻城市人民医院收治的96例念珠菌阴道炎患者作为研究对象,采用凝集法、培养法、镜检法,对所有患者的阴道分泌物样本进行检验,比较不同检验方法阳性检出例数及检出率。结果 凝集法、培养法、镜检法阳性检出率分别为79.17%、84.38%、92.71%,3种检验方法阳性检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.167,P<0.05)。结论 采用镜检法对念珠菌阴道炎患者阴道分泌物进行检查,能够获得更高的阳性检出率,从而为临床诊断和治疗提供更为可靠的依据。     

乳胶快速凝集与常规培养方法检测阴道毛滴虫的比较研究

目的　用阴道毛滴虫的粘附蛋白制备单克隆抗体,并研制成乳胶凝集试剂,在临床上初步应用。方法 　从阴道中收集分泌物,分别用乳胶凝集法和常规培养方法对197份妇科门诊患者的阴道分泌物标本进行检 测。结果　与常规培养方法比较,乳胶凝集法的敏感性为89.9%,特异性为95.5%,阳性预测值为68.0%,阴性 预测值为98.8%。结论　该单克隆抗体研制成的乳胶凝集法快速、简便,具有较高的特异性和较好的敏感性,能 提高临床滴虫性阴道炎的诊断率。     

妇女阴道念珠菌病163例耐药率分析

外阴阴道念珠菌病是妇女常见的一种传染病，绝大多数为白念珠菌感染。临床治愈率较低，且易复发。为了解妇女阴道念珠菌病的抗真菌药物的耐药情况，我们对163例阴道念珠菌病患者的阴道分泌物进行直接镜检，分离培养鉴定和抗真菌药物敏感试验，旨在为临床诊断及合理用药提供依据。     

乳胶凝集法检测隐球菌荚膜多糖抗原在隐球菌性脑膜炎和隐球菌肺炎中的早期诊断价值

目的 研究乳胶凝集试验在隐球菌性脑膜炎和隐球菌肺炎中的早期诊断价值.方法 选取2005年1月至2006年4月广州市3家医院确诊的隐球菌性脑膜炎和隐球菌肺炎患者24例作为新生隐球菌组;选取念珠菌感染患者50例,细菌感染患者31例,怀疑隐球菌感染患者62例,正常者30名作为非新生隐球菌组,采用乳胶凝集试验检测隐球菌荚膜多糖抗原,并与培养和直接镜检方法相比较,评价其诊断的灵敏度和特异度.结果 乳胶凝集试验、培养和直接镜检3种方法诊断的灵敏度分别为96.2%、70.8%和83.3%,而特异度分别为99.4%、100.0%和100.0%.结论 乳胶凝集试验具有准确率高、快速简便的特点,可作为隐球菌性脑膜炎和隐球菌肺炎的早期诊断方法.     

乳胶快速凝集与常规培养方法检测阴道毛滴虫的比较研究

目的用阴道毛滴虫的粘附蛋白制备单克隆抗体,并研制成乳胶凝集试剂,在临床上初步应用。方法从阴道中收集分泌物,分别用乳胶凝集法和常规培养方法对197份妇科门诊患者的阴道分泌物标本进行检测。结果与常规培养方法比较,乳胶凝集法的敏感性为89．9％,特异性为95．5％,阳性预测值为68．0％,阴性预测值为98．8％。结论该单克隆抗体研制成的乳胶凝集法快速、简便,具有较高的特异性和较好的敏感性,能提高临床滴虫性阴道炎的诊断率。     

乳胶免疫层析法检测阴道炎三种病原的临床应用评价

目的　评估乳胶免疫层析法联合检测阴道炎三种病原的诊断效果并对其临床应用进行评价。方法　收集2019 年1 ～ 12 月在妇科门诊接受阴道分泌物检查的288 例标本,分别用乳胶免疫层析法、湿片镜检法、唾液酸苷酶法以 及革兰氏染色镜检法检测。根据临床症状、体征、实验室结果做出临床诊断。记录乳胶免疫层析法与湿片镜检法、染 色镜检法诊断阴道炎三种病原的敏感度、特异度、Kappa 系数和约登指数,并进行统计分析。结果　与湿片镜检法相 比,乳胶免疫层析法诊断阴道炎三种病原的敏感度、Kappa 系数和约登指数较高,差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.11~30.13, P=0.01~0.04）;与染色镜检法相比,乳胶免疫层析法对诊断细菌性阴道病、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的敏感度、约登指 数较高,诊断细菌性阴道病的Kappa 系数也较高,差异均有统计学意义（χ2 = 2.66~30.13,P 均<0.05）;乳胶免疫层 析法在诊断混合感染方面具备明显优势,对细菌性阴道病、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌、滴虫性阴道炎的检测特异度均达到 90% 以上,敏感度、Kappa 系数及约登指数均高于湿片镜检法和染色镜检法,差异均有统计学意义（χ2=4.66~9.12,均 P<0.05）。结论　与传统的湿片镜检法和染色镜检法相比,乳胶免疫层析法对于阴道炎三种病原的检测敏感度高,与临 床诊断结果的一致性高,且对混合感染的检测有明显优势。     

Performance of a rapid yeast test in detecting Candida spp. in the vagina

We compared the performance of a rapid vaginal yeast assay (Savvycheck) with that of microscopic examination of a Gram-stained smear and culture of vaginal discharge in detecting Candida spp. Two hundred thirty-one women with vaginal symptoms were studied prospectively. Vaginal specimens obtained from all participants were studied by the Savvycheck rapid yeast test, microscopic evaluation of Gram-stained vaginal smears, and yeast culture. Savvycheck rapid yeast test was positive in 79% of women with positive cultures and in 3.6% of women with negative cultures. The Savvycheck test detected yeasts in 93% of subjects with positive Gram stain and in 5.5% of subjects with negative Gram stain. The Savvycheck rapid yeast test showed 93% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and a 97% negative predictive value compared with the Gram stain. It revealed 79% sensitivity, 96% specificity, and an 87% negative predictive value compared with culture. The Savvycheck rapid yeast test can be used in the busy office instead of microscopy as a point-of-care tool for diagnosing vulvovaginal candidiasis. It can also reduce the need for yeast cultures in patients with vaginitis.     

实验室检查对阴道假丝酵母菌病的诊断价值

目的探讨实验室检查在阴道假丝酵母菌病中的诊断价值。方法对318例女性患者阴道分泌物进行了湿片法检查和革兰染色显微镜检查,并对阴道分泌物、宫颈分泌物及粪便分别进行了假丝酵母菌培养。结果其中89例患者阴道分泌物假丝酵母菌阳性。89例阴道假丝酵母菌阳性者,几乎全部存在肠道菌群失调。革兰染色镜检阴道分泌物的阳性率与培养法阳性率相比无统计学意义(P>0.05),但个别标本间两法阳性率存在差异。结论阴道分泌物革兰染色镜检与培养法联合检查,可大大提高假丝酵母菌的检出率。研究结果提示合理地应用和选择抗生素,能降低阴道假丝酵母菌的感染。     

LA检测隐球菌荚膜多糖抗原在隐球菌性脑膜炎诊断中的应用

目的 探讨乳胶凝集试验（LA）在隐球菌性脑膜炎中的早期诊断价值.方法 收集56例确诊的隐球菌性脑膜炎患 者和25例结核性脑膜炎、病毒性脑膜炎患者的脑脊液,采用乳胶凝集试验检测隐球菌荚膜多糖抗原,并与真菌培养和直接镜检方法相比较,评价其诊断的灵敏度和特异度.结果 乳胶凝集试验、真菌培养和直接镜检3种方法诊断的灵敏度分别为91.1％、69.6％和73.2％,乳胶凝集试验特异度分别为96.0％、100％、100％.结论 乳胶凝集试验检测隐球菌荚膜多糖抗原可作为隐球菌性脑膜炎的早期诊断方法.     

Comparative evaluation of PathoDx Strep A test and culture for the detection of group A streptococci in pharyngeal specimens

The PathoDx Strep A kit, a 10-min acid extraction and latex agglutination test, was compared with routine culture for the direct detection of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) in 414 pharyngeal specimens collected from children with pharyngitis. The results showed that the latex test compared favorably with culture for detecting group A BHS in pharyngeal specimens (sensitivity 96.7%, specificity 97.9%, and positive and negative predictive values of 97.2% and 97.4%, respectively). The comparable number of false-positive (five) and false-negative (six) latex tests along with review of patient histories suggest that these discrepant results were attributable to sampling error during specimen procurement rather than deficiencies in the latex kit. In addition, clear-cut, agglutination reactions were obtained in over 96% of positive latex tests regardless of the amount of group A BHS that was recovered by culture. The PathoDx Strep A test is a rapid, reliable noncultural alternative for the detection of group A BHS in pharyngeal specimens.     

Comparison of Visuwell enzyme immunoassay to culture for detection of group A Streptococcus in throat swab specimens

A microwell enzyme immunoassay (Visuwell) for direct detection of Group A streptococcal antigen from throat swab specimens has been developed. It incorporates urease conjugated antibody as the detector and is easily interpreted by a yellow to purple color change. Throat specimens obtained on rayon-tipped swabs were transported moist in modified Stuarts medium and cultured before being tested in Visuwell (n = 585, prevalence 17.1%, sensitivity 88%, specificity 92.4%, predictive value positive 70.4%, predictive value negative 97.4%, and accuracy 91.6%). In instances of discrepancy between culture and Visuwell, throat swab extracts were tested in a latex agglutination test. In 21 of 37 instances of Visuwell-positive, culture-negative specimens, latex agglutination was positive. Throat specimens obtained using double rayon swabs and transported to the laboratory dry had one swab cultured and the other tested in Visuwell (n = 280, prevalence 20.4%, sensitivity 75.4%, specificity 88.3%, predictive value positive 62.3%, predictive value negative 93.4%, and accuracy 85.7%). When 1+ culture positive specimens were considered negative, a sensitivity of 97.6% was obtained. In 14 of 26 instances of Visuwell-positive, culture-negative specimens, latex agglutination was positive. Cross-reaction with organisms other than Group A Streptococcus found in the oropharynx was negligible in Visuwell. Limit of detection of Group A streptococcal antigen was equivalent for Visuwell and latex agglutination.     

Detection of toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin-G: assessment of a slide agglutination test

The performance of a slide agglutination test for detection of toxoplasma-specific IgG was assessed and compared with that of the dye test and latex agglutination test. The slide agglutination test was as sensitive as, and more specific than, latex agglutination. The predictive value of a negative slide agglutination test was less than the latex agglutination test but produced results within minutes, although quantitative results were not comparable to other assays. Slide agglutination presents a rapid alternative to the latex agglutination test as a screening assay for toxoplasmosis, although patients at risk of life-threatening infection require detailed serological examination using additional methods.     

Evaluation of a latex agglutination screening test for the detection of anti-streptolysin O antibodies

A latex agglutination test (Mercia ASL Latex Kit) for the rapid detection of anti-streptolysin O (ASO) antibodies was compared with the conventional macrotitration method (Rantz-Randall) in patients with suspected streptococcal disease. Of the 64 serum specimens tested 37 were positive (≥ 200 IU ml⁻¹) for ASO antibodies by the macrotitration procedure. The latex agglutination test gave seven false positives but no false negatives and had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 74·1%, a predictive positive value of 84·1% and a predictive negative value of 100%. Our results indicate that the Mercia ASL Latex Kit provides a rapid, simple, convenient and reliable test for the detection of anti-streptolysin O antibodies.     

Evaluation of C. diff.-CUBE test for detection of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.

The toxin B assay was used to evaluate C. diff.-CUBE, a new dot-immunobinding assay (DIA) for the laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. The widely used latex agglutination test was also included for comparison. Stools from 100 patients suspected of having C. difficile-associated diarrhea were tested. The toxin B assay, latex agglutination, and DIA tests were positive for 12%, 9%, and 22% of the specimens, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the DIA test were 67%, 84%, 36%, and 95%, respectively, compared with the toxin B assay. The specificity (98%) and positive predictive value (78%) for the latex agglutination test were significantly higher than those of the DIA test. Of 13 specimens solely positive by the DIA test, 11 were cultured and none were positive. Clinical assessment supported only two of the 13 positive DIA results. When clinical assessment was included in the analysis, the DIA positive predictive value rose to 45%. Although the sensitivity and negative predictive values of the DIA test are comparable to the latex agglutination test, the low specificity and positive predictive values of the DIA test make it an inappropriate method to use for screening in a population with a low prevalence of true positives.