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1.
1. Twelve patients with schizophrenia according to RDC participated in a double-blind study, comparing two dose levels of perphenazine, 16 or 32 mg, during four weeks. 2. The patients were assessed with a subscale to CPRS and global scores, measuring improvement of regular intervals during four weeks. 3. Blood samples for assay of plasma perphenazine were collected once a week. 4. These results are in many respects in accordance with earlier published data with perphenazine, that is a good clinical response is achieved with a plasma concentration of perphenazine between 1-5 nmol/L. 5. No incidence of severe adverse symptoms were observed. 相似文献
2.
抑郁症发病机制复杂,研究发现犬尿氨酸代谢途径(KP)紊乱可能与抑郁症的形成有关.KP的相关代谢物质如犬尿酸、喹啉酸等被证实与抑郁症的发病关系密切,通过对该途径代谢物质的研究,可能为抑郁症的诊断提供客观诊断标志物.文章对抑郁症诊疗方面与KP代谢紊乱的相关研究进展进行综述. 相似文献
3.
目的研究血浆中同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的丰度在脑血管病患者中的分布及变化,观察它与脑血管病发生及其他相关危险因素间的关系。方法收集257例经临床及影像学确诊的脑血管病(包括脑梗死、脑出血、短暂性脑缺血发作)患者的临床资料,对其血浆Hcy水平与脑血管病发生及其他危险因素进行相关性研究,数据用SPSS13.0统计软件分析。结果脑梗死、脑出血、短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)三组的Hcy水平明显高于正常对照组,高血压病、高脂血症与Hcy水平呈正相关,高Hcy血症与脑血管病发生呈显著正相关。结论高Hcy血症与脑血管病发生有关,是脑血管病的独立危险因素。 相似文献
4.
1) Thirty-four (34) out-patients with major depressive disorder as defined by Research Diagnostic Criteria were treated with fluoxetine in an open study. 2) All patients received 60 mg daily of the drug for between 18 and 21 days. 3) Of the 28 patients who completed the trial 21 showed improvement and 7 of these showed a marked change. 4) The 7 good responders had a higher fluoxetine:norfluoxetine ratio after three weeks treatment than the remaining patients; 6 of these patients were males. 5) All patients, irrespective of response, showed a decrease in imipramine binding and decrease in whole blood 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) during the period of the study. 6) The response to the drug may be related to metabolism of fluoxetine. 相似文献
5.
目的 :探讨氯丙咪嗪治疗抑郁症的口服剂量、血药浓度与临床疗效之间关系 ,及其有效血浓度范围。 方法 :符合 CCMD- 2诊断标准的抑郁症病人 30例 ,汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)评分2 1~ 45分 ,平均 (34.87± 6 .5 3)分 ;纽卡斯尔抑郁诊断量表 (NDI)评分 6~ 10分进入研究。以不定剂量氯丙咪嗪口服治疗 ,共治疗 8周。以 HAMD减分率评定疗效。荧光免疫偏振分析仪 (TDx)测第14天稳态血药浓度。 结果 :氯丙咪嗪剂量 2 5~ 10 0 m g/ d时血浓度范围变异很大 [46~ 44 7ng/ ml,平均 (183± 86 ) ng/ m l];口服剂量与血药浓度呈非线性相关 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;血药浓度与临床疗效显著相关(r=- 0 .5 5 2 ,P=0 .0 0 16 ) ,呈指数曲线关系。 结论 :氯丙咪嗪有效血浓度在 12 6~ 40 0 ng/ ml之间 ,临床长期使用应以血药浓度监测手段指导 相似文献
6.
Purpose: Neuropeptide-S (NPS) is a novel 20-amino acid peptide, mainly expressed in the central nervous system and endocrine tissues. NPS has been linked to anxiety and fear-related behaviors. The association of NPS with depression in a human population has not been previously examined. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential association of NPS with clinical depression and comorbid anxiety. Materials and methods: Seventy-nine patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder and seventy-eight controls were included in the study. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) were used to measure depression and anxiety levels, respectively. Venous blood samples were obtained to measure plasma NPS levels. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the patients and controls in terms of sex, marital status, and smoking status. Plasma NPS levels were also not significantly different between the patients and controls. In patients with major depressive disorder, HAM-A and HAM-D scores were significantly higher than those of controls. No correlation was found between plasma NPS levels and age, body mass index (BMI), median HAM-A scores, and median HAM-D scores. Conclusions: Despite a significantly high level of comorbid anxiety among the patient group, we found no relationship between plasma NPS levels and depressive symptomatology. 相似文献
7.
In a double-blind study of depressed patients treated with imipramine hydrochloride, levels of imipramine and desipramine were measured in plasma and in CSF. Levels of both drugs in CSF were approximately 10% of plasma levels, but the levels in the two body fluids were highly correlated. The levels of both drugs were approximately equal in plasma, but desipramine predominated in CSF (imipramine/desipramine ratio of 0.8). The imipramine-induced alteration in CSF levels of the serotonin metabolite (5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid [5HIAA]) correlated with imipramine levels but not with desipramine. For the group of patients showing a clear antidepressant response, the mean drug levels were nearly double those of the nonresponder group, a difference that did not quite reach statistical significance in this relatively small sample. The desipramine levels showed no responder-nonresponder difference, while the ratio of imipramine/desipramine was significantly higher among the responders. On the average this particular patient group had relatively low pretreatment levels of 5HIAA in CSF, an observation that may partially account for the relatively low overall response rate to imipramine. 相似文献
8.
Alterations in the immune system may have importance for the pathophysiology of depression. Several studies have linked increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines to depression and depressive symptoms. There is growing evidence that antidepressive treatment may influence the production of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the present study we aimed to find associations between the levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and the response to antidepressant treatment in patients with major depression. Our study group consisted of 100 patients (35 males and 65 females) who were treated with escitalopram 10-20 mg/day for 12 weeks. Responders and non-responders were identified according to Montgomery-Asberg's Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores. The levels of cytokines were measured at baseline and at 4th and 12th week of the treatment and compared to cytokine concentrations in healthy volunteers (n=45; 19 males and 26 females). Our data indicated that a higher level of TNF-alpha might predict a non-response to treatment with escitalopram and that changes in concentrations of sIL-2R during the treatment were different in responders and non-responders. 相似文献
9.
We investigated the effects of add-on lamotrigine treatment on plasma glutamate (Glu) levels, in 29 epileptic patients. Plasma Glu levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography at baseline and at 1 and 3 months post-treatment. In patients with a seizure reduction of ≥66% a decrease of Glu at month 1 was noted, followed by return to baseline levels at month 3. In the remaining patients a gradual increase of Glu was noted throughout the 3 months of the study. The above findings indicate that an excellent clinical response to add-on lamotrigine may be characterized by a statistically significant, yet transient decrease of plasma Glu levels, while increasing Glu levels may accompany a response that is moderate at best. The combination of lamotrigine with valproate was more frequent in patients with excellent clinical response and tended to result in glutamate decrease. 相似文献
10.
目的研究血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)浓度及亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性与血管性痴呆(VaD)的关系。方法选取83例VaD患者作为观察组和81例非痴呆脑梗死患者作为对照组,分别测定两组患者的MTHFR基因多态性、Hcy浓度、维生素B12和叶酸水平,根据简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评定VaD患者痴呆程度,对指标进行比较和相关性分析。结果 MTHFR基因TT纯合子在观察组VaD患者的分布频率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的MTHFR基因C、T等位基因分布频率差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组VaD患者的血浆Hcy浓度明显高于对照组,其血清叶酸与维生素B12浓度明显低于对照组,VaD患者的血浆Hcy水平随着痴呆程度的增加而明显提高,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。VaD患者血浆Hcy水平与自身痴呆程度呈正相关(r=0.452,P0.05),与MMSE评分呈负相关(r=-0.246,P0.05)。结论MTHFR基因C677T突变及高水平Hcy与VaD的发生、发展相关,高Hcy血症是VaD发病的一个重要因素。 相似文献
11.
Relationships between pretreatment neurotransmitter metabolite levels and response to imipramine and amitriptyline were studied in 104 depressed patients. Normal values for urinary norepinephrine and low values for urinary MHPG were associated with greater incidence of drug response in bipolar, but not unipolar, patients. For unipolar, but not bipolar, patients low CSF 5-HIAA and high urinary metanephrine values were associated with a greater incidence of drug response. These data indicate that the pretreatment functional state of catecholamine and serotonin systems is associated with type of response to drug treatment. The authors present hypotheses about the association of alterations in serotonin and norepinephrine systems and definable subtypes of depression. 相似文献
12.
The relationship between serotonin (5-HT) levels and [ 3H]5-HT binding in discrete hypothalamic areas was examined in separate groups of animals at various times, following unilateral intrahypothalamic injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Seven days post-5,7-DHT lesion, 5-HT levels were significantly decreased in both the ipsilateral and contralateral ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMN, DMN). In the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), 5-HT levels were significantly decreased only ipsilaterally. Fifty days postlesion, 5-HT levels in the ipsilateral VMN remained significantly below sham, while the DMN and LHA returned to sham values. Seven days after 5,7-DHT there was a significant increase in [ 3H]5-HT labeling densities in the ipsilateral and contralateral ventromedial hypothalamic area as well as in the ipsilateral LHA. In contrast, in the dorsomedial hypothalamic area there was no increase in [ 3H]5-HT binding. Fifty days postlesion, no significant differences in [ 3H]5-HT binding between 5,7-DHT and sham were observed in any areas examined. This data provides further evidence for the regeneration of 5-HT fibers in the hypothalamus and demonstrates that the relationship between [ 3H]5-HT binding and 5-HT levels varies from one hypothalamic area to another. 相似文献
13.
探讨复发性脑梗死与血浆Hcy水平的关系.方法 100例急性脑梗死患者作为研究对象,50例非急性脑梗死患者作为对照组.将研究对象分为不同临床亚组、各类型急性脑梗死组、初发组与复发组,比较各组患者血浆Hcy水平及高Hcy比率.同时监测血压、血糖和血脂,对脑梗死的复发进行多因素分析.结果(1)脑梗死复发患者血浆Hcy水平高于初发患者(P<0.01),且复发组高Hcy比率(54.45%)高于初发组(32.83%)(P<0.05).(2)各类型急性脑梗死患者血浆Hcy水平均高于非急性脑梗死患者(P<0.01);各类型脑梗死患者之间血浆Hcy水平无显著性差异(P>0.05).(3)1年内和1年后脑梗死复发患者血浆Hcy水平无显著性差异(P>0.05).(4)各类型脑梗死复发患者之间血浆Hcy水平差异无显著性(P>0.05);血栓形成性脑梗死复发患者高Hcy比率略高于其他类型脑梗死(P>0.05).(5)多因素分析显示脑梗死复发与高Hcy水平密切相关(P<0.01).结论 高血浆Hcy水平是脑梗死复发的独立危险因素. 相似文献
14.
To explore the possible role of serotonin (5-HT) in the etiology of schizophrenia, platelet 5-HT concentrations were determined in 41 schizophrenic (and schizoaffective, mainly schizophrenic) patients diagnosed by the RDC and 34 normal controls. There was a significant difference between the patient and control groups with the 16 paranoid, 11 undifferentiated, and 8 schizo-affective depressed patients having significantly higher mean platelet 5-HT concentrations than the controls. An analysis of variance considering the effect of race, sex, and diagnosis demonstrated a significant difference between black patients and black controls but no significant difference between white patients and white controls. Within the patient sample, platelet 5-HT concentrations were positively correlated with severity of auditory hallucinations (on the PSE) and negatively correlated with lack of insight (on the PSE) and conceptual disorganization (on the BPRS). In a subsample of 21 patients, there was no relationship between platelet 5-HT and CT findings of either enlarged ventricles or cortical atrophy. 相似文献
15.
Homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) were measured in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid from a group of patients ranging in age from 1 week to 45 years. Quantitation of these biogenic amine metabolites was achieved using a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric technique. The subjects had various specific disorders of the nervous system, though patients with movement disorders and biochemical defects known to affect the neurotransmitter systems examined in this study were specifically avoided. The results indicated a strong inverse correlation in children between CSF HVA and 5-HIAA concentrations and age. The decline in these metabolites with age appeared to be exponential. No significant age effect was observed for MHPG. The results indicate the importance of comparing CSF metabolite levels in children with values in age-matched controls. 相似文献
16.
目的 探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与急性脑梗死的关系.方法 选择急性脑梗死患者80例为观察组,选取与之年龄、性别相匹配的同期我院健康体检者60例为对照组.所有入选者均清晨空腹抽取静脉血8 mL,分别送检血生化、叶酸(FA)、维生素B12 (VitB12)及血浆Hcy水平.结果 观察组血浆Hcy水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01).观察组血浆Hcy水平与FA及VitB12水平均呈负相关.条件Logistic回归模型检验发现高Hcy血症的OR值5.268(95% CI2.405~11.542).结论 高Hcy血症可能是急性脑梗死的独立危险因素. 相似文献
17.
The relationship between serotonin (5-HT) levels and [3H]5-HT binding in discrete hypothalamic areas was examined in separate groups of animals at various times, following unilateral intrahypothalamic injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Seven days post-5,7-DHT lesion, 5-HT levels were significantly decreased in both the ipsilateral and contralateral ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMN, DMN). In the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), 5-HT levels were significantly decreased only ipsilaterally. Fifty days postlesion, 5-HT levels in the ipsilateral VMN remained significantly below sham, while the DMN and LHA returned to sham values. Seven days after 5,7-DHT there was a significant increase in [3H]5-HT labeling densities in the ipsilateral and contralateral ventromedial hypothalamic area as well as in the ipsilateral LHA. In contrast, in the dorsomedial hypothalamic area there was no increase in [3H]5-HT binding. Fifty days postlesion, no significant differences in [3H]5-HT binding between 5,7-DHT and sham were observed in any areas examined. This data provides further evidence for the regeneration of 5-HT fibers in the hypothalamus and demonstrates that the relationship between [3H]5-HT binding and 5-HT levels varies from one hypothalamic area to another. 相似文献
18.
Alpha[C-11]methyl-L-tryptophan (AMT) is an analog of tryptophan used with positron emission tomography for the measurement of serotonin synthesis in humans. Several attempts have been made to estimate the serotonin synthesis rate from plasma and brain kinetic data of AMT using the same model as that applied for the measurement of the glucose metabolic rate with 2-deoxyglucose. However, although AMT is similar to 2-deoxyglucose with regard to an irreversible pool of tracer uptake, there are important differences between the two tracers and how the model can be applied. These differences include transport at the blood-brain barrier and the presence of a large unmetabolized pool of AMT, precluding the method from providing the absolute serotonin synthesis rate. Despite this limitation, the unidirectional uptake rate constant (K-complex) values have been found to be stable within an individual, and the rank order of regional brain values for K-complex are consistent with the rank order for serotonin content in human brain. Furthermore, changes in K-complex with age, gender, and disease states are consistent with previously reported biochemical measurements of serotonin in brain tissue. The authors suggest, therefore, that the K-complex is an index of serotonin synthesis which they have termed the "serotonin synthesis capacity." The authors argue that AMT is a useful tracer for study of serotonergic mechanisms, and under certain pathologic states, of metabolism by means of the kynurenine pathway. 相似文献
19.
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, such as escitalopram, are currently the treatment of choice for patients with panic disorder. The panic response to intravenous cholecystokinin tetrapeptide, a potentially useful paradigm for volunteer translational studies, has so far not been investigated in healthy man after respective pre-treatment. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, within subject cross-over design 30 healthy young men, 15 each with the long/long or short/short genotype for the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region, were pre-treated with 10 mg/d of escitalopram orally for six weeks and then challenged with 50 μg of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide. The primary outcome measure was the increase of Acute Panic Inventory ratings by cholecystokinin tetrapeptide. The increase of anxiety, tension and stress hormone secretion were secondary outcome measures. A significant treatment by genotype effect on the increases of Acute Panic Inventory ratings ermerged. Panic induced by cholecystokinin tetrapeptide was significantly more pronounced in the short/short genotype subjects under escitalopram vs. placebo pre-treatment. With the exception of significantly elevated serum prolactin after escitalopram, no effects in the secondary outcome measures were detected. Contrary to our expectation, no inhibitory effect of escitalopram upon panic symptoms elicited by choleystokinin tetrapeptide could be demonstrated in healthy men. These findings do not support the potential usefulness of this panic model for proof-of-concept studies. The biological underpinnings of the increased panic symptoms after escitalopram in our volunteers with short/short genotype need further research. 相似文献
20.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between plasma haloperidol and clinical response. METHOD: Sixty-nine newly admitted drug-free schizophrenic men were randomly assigned to receive haloperidol, 5, 10, or 20 mg daily for 4 weeks, and clinical response was measured at the end of the fixed-dose period. Haloperidol was assayed by a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The authors found a curvilinear relationship between clinical response and plasma haloperidol during fixed-dose treatment, with an apparent optimum between 5 and 12 ng/ml. When plasma levels above 12 ng/ml were lowered to the 5-12 ng/ml range, all patients improved to varying degrees and no patient deteriorated. When plasma levels of nonresponders within this therapeutic window were raised above 12 ng/ml (as in routine practice), they, on balance, deteriorated in that they became more dysphoric. With the 20-mg dose, half the patients had plasma levels above 12 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of newly admitted schizophrenic men, optimal clinical response occurred with a plasma haloperidol range of 5-12 ng/ml. 相似文献
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