Rapid prediction of multiple wine quality parameters using infrared spectroscopy coupling with chemometric methods

Infrared spectroscopy (IRs) coupling with chemometric methods were used to predict principal quality parameters in wine. A new strategy of variable (wavelength) selection named as Fisher Discriminant-Variable Selection (FD-VS) model was constructed. Characteristic variables were selected from Infrared spectra based on the absolute values of eigenvector obtained by Fisher Discriminant Function. The FD-VS method was combined with quantitative models including Principal Component Regression (PCR), Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Least Squares Support Vector Regression (LSSVR), which were utilized for prediction of multiple principal quality parameters of red wine. It is shown that FD-VS method obviously improves the performances of PCR, PLS and LSSVR models. Then four variable selection methods based on PLS regression including Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS)-PLS, Uninformative Variable Elimination (UVE)-PLS, Interval Partial Least Squares (IPLS) and Moving Windows Partial Least Squares (MWPLS) were also compared. The results also show good performance of FD-VS-LSSVR in terms of prediction accuracy or robustness. Therefore, the FD-VS method provides an effective and credible variable selection way for IR spectrum to predict quality parameters of wine.     

Portable near-infrared spectroscopy for rapid authentication of adulterated paprika powder

Paprika powder is a widely consumed spice, making it an attractive target for adulteration, which is not easily detected. In this study, a portable near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer was used for fast detection of paprika adulteration. Nine paprika samples from five suppliers were adulterated with potato starch, acacia gum and annatto at different concentrations (0–36% by weight of potato starch and acacia gum, and 0–18% by weight of annatto). The NIR spectrum of each mixture (n = 315) was used as predictors to determine adulteration by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). First, PLS-DA was applied to discriminate between adulterated and non-adulterated samples, as well as the type of adulterant. This method proved to be efficient, with specificity greater than 90 % and error rate lower than 2 %, for all models constructed. PLSR was used to predict the concentration of adulterants in paprika samples. In addition, PLSR models with reduced number of wavelengths (predictors) were built by selecting the variables with larger weights on the regression coefficients. Coefficient of prediction (R²_p) and root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) obtained were 0.95 and 2.12; 0.97 and 1.68; 0.87 and 1.74, for potato starch, acacia gum and annatto, respectively. In conclusion, results showed that NIR spectroscopy is a useful screening technique for identification and quantification of adulteration in paprika.     

高效液相色谱/离子阱质谱快速鉴定茚满二酮类鼠药

目的建立鼠药药饵中4种茚满二酮类鼠药的高效液相色谱/离子阱质谱快速鉴定方法。方法鼠药药饵经丙酮提取后,采用固相萃取净化,选择液相色谱/离子阱质谱仪(LC-IT/MS)的最佳仪器条件,进行液相色谱的分离和二级质谱的裂解,根据质谱分析三离子原则进行定性。结果 4种茚满二酮类鼠药的二级质谱碎片离子具有较好的特征性和稳定性,母离子和子碎片离子的关系清晰,敌鼠的定性离子对为m/z339→167和m/z339→145,氯敌鼠为m/z373→201和m/z373→145,异杀鼠酮为m/z229→145和m/z229→187,杀鼠酮为m/z229→172和m/z229→145。结论本实验建立的方法简便,结果准确可靠,适合于茚满二酮类鼠药的定性鉴别。     

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP/MS) for certification of multielements in a tuna fish candidate certified reference material

The instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP/MS) methods were applied for the determination of trace elements in the tuna fish CRM (KRISS 108-04-021) developed by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). Trace elements determined by INAA without any chemical treatment included Al, As, Ca, Co, Fe, K, Na, Sb, Se and Zn. Other elements such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se and Zn were determined after dissolution of the sample by ID-ICP/MS. A combination of results obtained by the two independent methods for Se and Zn was used for the final certified value.     

政策工具视角下我国残疾人社区康复政策文本量化研究

目的：分析我国社区康复政策的整体协同性和内部结构特征,探讨不同视角下政策的应用情况,为进一步完善残疾人社区康复政策体系提供参考。方法：从政策工具及服务系统视角出发,结合内容分析法,对2009—2022年间国家层面出台的51份有关残疾人社区康复服务的政策文件进行量化分析。结果：纳入的政策文本共筛选出318条政策编码。在政策工具维度中,供给型、环境型、需求型政策工具占比分别为27.4%、55.0%、17.6%;服务系统维度中,服务主体、服务对象、服务内容、服务方式、服务保障占比分别为33.6%、11.0%、19.5%、12.9%、23.0%。结论：我国残疾人社区康复政策主题多样、内容丰富,但政策工具内部结构和服务系统要素有待优化,维度间整体协同力有待提高。应根据政策未来发展目标科学配置政策工具组合;提升服务对象关注度,夯实服务内容精准度;注重维度间政策合力,强化政策执行力度。     

Terms of engagement for working with patients in a person-centred partnership: A secondary analysis of qualitative data

Evidence is emerging of the potential of person-centred approaches to create partnerships between professionals and patients while also containing healthcare costs. This is important for enhancing outcomes in individuals with complex needs, who consistently report poor experiences with care. The shift towards person-centred care (PCC) is, however, a radical departure from the norm, with increased expectations of both professional and patient. Although there have been studies on the ways in which health care professionals can modify practice to enhance PCC, not all patients welcome changes to their care delivery or understand the aim of the new approach. Without engagement and understanding from the patient, a PCC approach will fail to initiate. Few studies explore how, why and in what circumstances patients become more involved in their care and what professionals can do to enhance participation. We conducted a secondary analysis of qualitative data to examine this issue. Data were collected between 2014 and 2018 from primary care-based PCC projects across the southwest of England. Supported by people with experience (practitioners and those receiving treatment), theory building workshops developed an explanatory framework that identified contextual factors and mechanisms likely to contribute to effective engagement. Our results show that engagement in a care partnership is achieved through trust and a patient's sense of candidacy. Shared understanding of purpose, clarity of expectations and power sharing were found to facilitate trusted relationships between professional and patient and encourage candidacy. Only then is it possible to develop goals that are meaningful to the patient. Our theory of engagement applies to professionals and patients alike but places the initial burden of responsibility on those who hold the most power: the professional and the system. This theory has the potential to explain patient engagement in PCC and a range of other service interventions, treatments and intervention research.     

Evaluating the effectiveness of the Family Connections program for caregivers of youth with mental health challenges,part II: A qualitative analysis

BackgroundThe Family Connections™ (FC) program is a 12‐week support and skill‐training program for caregivers of youth with mental health challenges. The intervention was originally developed with a focus on borderline personality disorder (BPD). It is important to understand the experiences of caregivers in such interventions, as well as its applicability beyond BPD, for the purposes of evaluation and ongoing program improvement.ObjectiveTo explore and analyse the experiences of caregivers of youth with diverse mental health challenges and who participated in FC.DesignSemi‐structured interviews with thirteen FC‐participating caregivers of youth with mental health challenges.ResultsThematic analysis uncovered three major themes regarding caregivers'' experience with FC: (a) FC increased the caregivers'' ability to manage their youth''s mental health challenges; (b) participating in FC impacted their intra‐ and interpersonal spheres; and (c) improvements to the program were proposed. Following participation in FC, caregivers felt they learned a new approach to understanding themselves, their youth and mental health, and were better able to manage their youth''s mental health challenges.Discussion and conclusionFC is a promising intervention for caregivers of youth with mental health challenges, beyond the traditional BPD focus. The intervention has the potential to provide broad‐based benefits for caregivers and should be considered for implementation and scale‐up across youth‐ and caregiver‐serving organizations. Potential areas of intervention flexibility and improvement are discussed.Patient/public contributionCaregivers were involved in the program development and facilitation of FC. A person with lived experience was involved with the analysis.     

Human rights and universal access for men who have sex with men and people who inject drugs: A qualitative analysis of the 2010 UNGASS narrative country progress reports

All UN member states have endorsed a commitment to protect human rights in the global fight against HIV and to ensure universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support. To assess progress towards fulfilling this commitment, countries submit reports to UNAIDS biennially, known as UNGASS reports. Our quantitative analyses show that core indicators relating to most-at-risk populations, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM) and people who inject drugs (PWID) are limited or absent from many UNGASS reports, particularly those submitted by countries in developing regions. We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of the narrative part of the 2010 UNGASS country progress reports, an important yet under-explored part of the reporting process, to consider how signatory countries in developing regions address the issue of MSM and PWID in a written form. Our analysis identified a repertoire of narrative approaches to MSM and PWID which revealed fault lines between countries’ endorsement of the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS and programmatic responses to MSM and PWID. Our findings raise questions about the relationship between “universal” human rights and “local” cultures, and about the UNGASS reporting process itself. Through critical engagement with these questions, our article aims to contribute to international dialogues on how to better recognise and respond to shortcomings in the global commitment to human rights and universal access for people vulnerable to HIV.