胸腹联体婴儿肝脏分离术二例诊治分析

目的 探讨两例胸腹联体婴儿肝脏分离术的经验与教训.方法 通过影像检查,确认AB、CD两例胸腹联体婴儿各有独立的肝门及胆道系统和消化道,术中确定胸腹联体婴儿肝脏的第一、二肝门和分离线,AB胸腹联体婴儿采用肝脏分离线两侧局部阻断带肝血流阻断法分离肝脏,肝断面出血约10 ml,肝断面的血管和胆管逐个结扎或缝扎后,对拢缝合肝断面;CD胸腹联体婴儿先用第一肝门阻断法,后用肝脏分离线两侧手指压迫法,行局部肝血流阻断分离肝脏,肝断面出血约200 ml,肝断面的血管和胆管逐个结扎或缝扎.结果 2例联体婴儿肝脏成功分离,均未出现胆漏、肝断面感染及肝功能衰竭.A、B两婴儿至今存活,发育正常.D婴术后78 d死于肺感染,C婴术后9个月死于肺及胸腔感染.结论 各自有独立的肝门及胆道系统的胸腹联体婴儿肝脏分离术是可行的,不同的肝血流阻断方法是影响器官功能恢复的因素之一,首选局部阻断带肝血流阻断,避免使用第一肝门阻断法,慎用手指压迫法行局部肝血流阻断.     

Management of injuries to the porta hepatis.

The management of injuries to the porta hepatis is challenging and controversial. Although definitive, anatomic reconstruction of injured ductal or vascular structures is optimal, porta hepatis injuries are universally accompanied by injuries to other organs (3.6 in this series), which often precludes initial repair. Moreover, frequent injury to the inferior vena cava, aorta, or other major blood vessels in addition to the structures of the porta hepatis results in these injuries being treated in conjunction with exsanguinating hemorrhage. For that reason, control of hemorrhage is the initial management priority, with the initial operation requiring expeditious, if less than anatomically exact, operations. Eighteen of 31 patients survived porta hepatis injury. Hepatic artery injuries were treated by ligation. Complex injuries to bile ducts frequently required enteric-ductal anastomoses as secondary procedures. Of 29 patients with portal vein injuries, six were treated by ligation, 22 by lateral repair, and one with splenic vein interposition graft. As in earlier reports, the structure of the porta hepatis associated with the highest morbidity and mortality rates when injured was the portal vein.     

Management of Blunt and Penetrating Injuries to the Porta Hepatis

Injuries to the porta hepatis pose difficult problems in management, and transection of the bile ducts, portal vein and hepatic artery is among the most challenging. Twenty-one patients with severe injuries to the porta hepatis were treated over a ten-year period. Ages ranged from 13 to 56 years, and follow-up was up to nine years. Among the 14 patients with bile duct injury, eight were found to have complete transection, and five suffered a tangential laceration or incomplete disruption with a portion of a duct wall remaining intact. Five of the eight patients who had complete transection underwent primary end-to-end repair with T-tube splinting, while three were treated with primary Roux-en-Y choledocojejunostomy. All patients with incomplete disruption underwent primary repair with or without T-tube splinting. Of the five patients with complete disruption who were treated with primary end-to-end anastomosis of the bile duct in conjunction with T-tube splinting, all required secondary biliary tract reconstruction of some type. No patient with complete transection that was treated with primary Roux-en-Y biliary enteric anastomosis required reoperation. Partial transections were successfully treated with primary repair. Portal vein injury was encountered in ten patients. Injury was successfully managed by primary closure, interposition of a vein, or splenicmesenteric vein bypass. Associated injuries to liver, pancreas, kidney and duodenum were common. In four patients there was injury to the main or left or right hepatic artery which was managed successfully by repair or ligation, with or without hepatic lobectomy. By adhering to the principles of management to be outlined, many patients with injury to the porta hepatis will survive, and the long term outcome can be gratifying.     

Porta hepatis disruption from blunt trauma

Extrahepatic porta hepatis injuries from blunt abdominal trauma are exceedingly rare; all recently reported cases involve disruption of the common bile duct at its intrapancreatic portion. We herein report a patient with lacerations of the proper hepatic artery and bile duct occurring from deceleration/torsion of the porta hepatis after high speed vehicular collision.     

Selective hepatic artery ligation: limitations and failures.

The hospital records of 540 consecutive patients with hepatic trauma were reviewed. Persistent arterial bleeding from hepatic wounds was encountered in approximately 10% of severe liver injuries. Compression of the porta hepatis will result in cessation of bleeding in such patients and subsequent ligature of the appropriate lobar artery will provide permanent, safe control of bleeding. Failures of selective hepatic artery ligation commonly result from incomplete diagnosis of the extent of injury to portal veins and hepatic veins.     

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??Surgical treatment of giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver closely attached to porta hepatis: an analysis of 51 cases XU Feng??DAI Chao-liu??JIA Chang-jun??et al. Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004??China Corresponding author:DAI Chao-liu, E-mail:daicl-sy@tom.com Abstract Objective To analyze the surgical treatment for giant cavernous hemangima of the liver closely attached to porta hepatis. Methods The clinical data of 51 cases of giant hepatic cavernous hemangioma closely attached to porta hepatis performed surgical treatment between March 1997 and October 2007at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. Results Enucleation procedure was performed in 29 cases. Liver resection was performed in 19 cases. Suture and ligation was performed in 3 cases. The mean blood loss during intraoperative period was (1085±1539) mL, and complications occurred in 22 cases. There was no mortality. Conclusion Surgical management is safe and feasible for cavernous hemangioma of the liver. It recommend enucleation as the surgical procedure of choice for the treatment of hepatic hemangiomas. Limited to a half or caudate lobe of the liver cases can be performed hemihepatectomy or caudate lobe resection respectively.     

紧邻肝门巨大肝海绵状血管瘤51例手术治疗体会

目的 探讨紧邻肝门的巨大肝海绵状血管瘤的手术治疗。方法 回顾性分析中国医科大学附属盛京医院1997年3月至2007年10月手术治疗的51例紧邻肝门的巨大肝海绵状血管瘤的临床资料。结果 血管瘤包膜外剥除29例,肝切除19例,缝扎3例。术中平均失血量（1085±1539） mL,22例出现不同程度并发症,全组无手术死亡。结论 手术治疗紧邻肝门的巨大肝海绵状血管瘤是安全的、切实可行的,方法首选血管瘤包膜外剥除术。对限于半肝或尾状叶的病例可分别采用半肝或尾状叶切除。     

巨大肝脏海绵状血管瘤术中肝门的处理

肝脏海绵状血管瘤的最好治疗方法是手术切除，但对已侵犯肝门的血管瘤手术风险较大，肝门的处理是手术的最大难题。我们科自９４年２月至９７年２月共收治２１例紧贴一、二、三肝门的世故因管瘤，瘤体最大径线１２－３６ｃｍ，平均２４ｃｍ。术中先忆患侧肝动脉，然后再解剖分离肝门，在第一肝门阻下全部完整切除了瘤体，行中三叶及尾状叶切除５例，右半肝及尾状叶切除７例，在右半肝切除１例，右肝上段切除３例。右后叶切除２例，一     

肝中央区肝肿瘤的手术切除

目的 探讨位于肝中央区肝肿瘤手术切除的安全性和可行性。方法 回顾性分析近6年经手术切除位于肝中央区的肝肿瘤36例的临床资料,其中肝癌26例,良性肿瘤10例。肿瘤累及第一肝门者13例,第二肝门10例,第三肝门5例,同时累及第一和第三肝门3例,第二和第三肝门5例。结果 全组术中并发大出血4例(11．1％),术后发生并发症11例(30．5％),包括肝衰竭1例(2．7％),胆瘘2例(5．5％),胸腔积液6例(16．7％),膈下感染1例(2．7％),腹壁切口疝1例(2．7％);除1例因急性肝衰竭术后死亡外,余均恢复出院。结论 此类手术难度大、风险大．只要术前重视适应证的选择,术中妥善处理,仍可成功切除肿瘤,减少并发症的发生。     

彩色多普勒超声在肝移植术后肝动脉并发症的应用价值

目的　探讨彩色多普勒超声 (CDI)监测肝移植术后肝动脉并发症的应用价值。方法　术后连续CDI检查监测 180次原位肝移植。监测指标包括肝门部及肝内肝动脉左、右分支的峰值速度 (HAV) ,加速度 (HAAC) ,加速时间 (SAT) ,阻力指数 (RI) ,观察有无血流信号中断、侧支循环形成、肝内有无梗死灶和肝内、外胆管改变等。结果　 8例病人经选择性动脉造影证实为动脉并发症 (血栓形成 5例 ,肝动脉狭窄 3例 )。CDI表现有 :RI降低 <0 5 (8/ 8) ,SAT延长 >0 0 8s(6 / 8) ,HAAC降低<30 0cm/s2 (6 / 8) ,HAV降低 <4 0cm/s(7/ 8) ,肝内胆管扩张、回声改变等 (4 / 8) ,肝内梗死灶 (2 / 8) ,肝内外动脉血流信号消失 (2 / 8) ,肝门部侧支循环形成 (1/ 8)。CDI对动脉并发症诊断的敏感度和特异度分别为 87 5 % (7/ 8)和 95 3% (16 4 / 172 )。结论　CDI可有效监测肝移植术后肝动脉并发症并对其治疗有一定的指导作用。RI、SAT、HAAC、HAV是CDI诊断肝动脉并发症的敏感指标 ,联合应用可以提高CDI的诊断特异度。     

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??Hepatic cavernous hemangioma??an analysis of 172 cases FU Xiao-hui, CHU Kai-jian, LU Chong-de, et al. Department of Comprehensive Therapy of Tumor, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China Corresponding author:YAO Xiao-ping, E-mail: yaoxiaopingehbh@163.com Abstract Objective To explore the feasibility of operation on hepatic cavernous hemangioma. Methods The clinical data of 172 patients with hepatic cavernous hemangioma performed from 2004 to 2006 at Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of Second Military Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 128 patients with hemangioma involved porta hepatis. Clinical manifestation, operation and postoperative recovery were analyzed. Results Enucleation of hemangioma involving porta hepatis had more intraoperative bleeding, longer time of inflow exclusion, and higher incidence of postoperative pleural fluid, while no significant difference exists in the complication of operation and postoperative recovery. Conclusion Surgery of hemangioma involving porta hepatis is safe and effective. For patients with symptoms or young patients with rapidly enlarging mass, the enucleation of the tumor is needed and feasible. It should be carried out strictly in accordance with the rules of the liver surgery and the characteristics of the hemangioma so as to ensure the safety of the operation.     

不同肝血流阻断方案对大肝癌手术治疗效果的影响

目的探讨不同肝血流阻断方案对大肝癌患者外科治疗效果的影响,为临床疗效提供参考。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2014年12月100例大肝癌行外科手术治疗患者的临床资料,术中41例患者采用Pringle法间断阻断全肝血流(肝门阻断组),23例患者行选择性的半肝血流阻断(半肝阻断组),36例患者行肝下下腔静脉阻断联合Pringle法阻断入肝血流(联合阻断组),比较三组患者的术中与术后的相关指标。数据采用spss16.00统计软件进行统计,术中手术阻断时间、肝切除量大小、术中出血量及输血量等用x珋±s表示,采用t检验;并发症发生率采用χ~2检验,以P0.05差异具有统计学的意义。结果三组患者的术前情况、肝切除大小比较无统计学差异意义(P0.05);半肝阻断组与联合阻断组的术中出血量、输血量、输血率均低于肝门阻断组患者,联合阻断组在输血量、输血率指标上明显低于肝门阻断组和半肝阻断组,差异有统计学意义(F=4.014、6.124,P=0.041、0.009);半肝阻断组与联合阻断组患者术后第7天的转氨酶、总胆红素水平均低于肝门阻断组,差异有统计学意义(F=4.213、3.940、4.327,P0.05);三组术后并发症发生率无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论采用肝下下腔静脉阻断联合Pringle法阻断入肝血流不仅能够有效减少大肝癌患者手术时术中失血量,且能促进术后肝功能的恢复。     

Biliary stricture secondary to donor B-cell lymphoma after orthotopic liver transplantation

Biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) lead to considerable morbidity and occasional mortality after surgery. Bile duct strictures secondary to localized lymphoproliferative disorder of the porta hepatis is rare, with only 12 cases reported in the English literature. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder develops in up to 9% of liver allograft recipients. We describe 2 adult patients who developed Epstein-Barr virus-associated localized B-cell lymphoma of donor-tissue origin confined to the porta hepatis 3 and 5 months after OLT. Both patients were administered cyclosporine (CyA) and prednisone as primary immunosuppression. One patient was administered basiliximab as induction therapy. Neither patient had CyA trough levels greater than 250 ng/mL. Both patients were treated with a hepatojejunostomy, 75% reduction in immunosuppression therapy, and acyclovir. One patient had complete involution of the tumor, and the second patient had an 80% reduction of the tumor at the 2-year follow-up visit. This report illustrates the need to consider localized lymphoma post-OLT as a cause of obstructive jaundice even within the first 6 months after surgery. Aggressive reduction of immunosuppression in conjunction with acyclovir remains a highly effective therapy. (Liver Transpl 2001;7:62-67.)     

肝门胆管良性狭窄的原因和处理

目的：探讨单纯肝门胆管良性狭窄的原因和治疗。方法：回顾性总结分析单纯肝门胆管良性狭窄73例的病因,治疗方法和效果。结果：病因依次为肝胆管结石（48例）,高位胆管损伤（19例）,胆囊结石Mirizzi征（4例）,单纯良性瘢痕性狭窄（2例）,分别施行了肝门胆管空肠吻合,肝门胆管整形,肝门胆管切除等手术87例次,随访1－19年61例次的远期效果,优良77％,好转6．6％,差16．4％,其中,以肝门胆管空肠吻合效果最好,优良达90．7％,结论：肝门胆管良性狭窄的主要原因是肝胆管结石和高位胆管损伤,治疗以肝门胆管空肠大口吻合效果最好。     

深低温对肝脏Glisson管道三级分支以上区域的冷冻效应

目的了解深低温对肝脏Ghsson管道三级分支以上区域的冷冻效应。方法30只小猪，随机分为4组．用平底冷冻头分别对A组动物第一肝门部、B组动物左肝外叶的Ghsson管道、C组动物左肝外叶Ghsson管道的主要分支区域进行3分钟的直接深低温冷冻（冷冻时阻断肝门）；对照组：仅阻断肝门3分钟。术后观察动物血清肝功能的改变，患肝的病理变化，并用彩超了解受冻管道的情况。结果A组动物肝门部的胆管系统在冷冻后出现严重损伤．表现为进行性、不可逆的胆管坏死、狭窄、胆瘘、化脓性胆管炎等并发症，肝门部较大坏死物质也会对门静脉造成压迫；在B、C组，冷冻可造成受冻部位肝实质、胆管及门静脉分支管壁的坏死，而肝动脉分支不受影响．术后8周原冷冻区的肝动脉、门静脉分支的管腔依然保持通敞，所在肝叶萎缩、纤维化。结论如对第一肝门部进行直接深低温冷冻，应注意避免损伤胆管系统；而机体可耐受对部分肝叶Ghsson氏管道系统二、三级分支区域的直接深低温冷冻，冷冻可造成受冻部位肝实质的坏死，达到外科治疗目的。     

肝切除术中静脉空气栓塞的防治

目的提高复杂肝叶切除术的安全性。方法对3例肝叶切除术并发肝静脉空气栓塞的原因、紧急处理和预防进行总结。结果3例肿瘤均位于第二肝门区,术中气栓均系肝静脉损伤引起,2例进气部位为左肝静脉,1例为右肝静脉。每个病人都经历了先是呼气末二氧化碳分压降低、紧接着血氧饱和度降低的共同过程。3例均于术中救治成功,2例术后恢复顺利,1例术后第7天死于呼衰及肝衰。结论持续呼气末二氧化碳分压监测对术中气栓有早期临床诊断意义。全肝血流阻断或肝静脉阻断是有效的预防手段。应重视手术适应证的选择、手术操作和方法的改进以及各种应急处理的果断实施。     

肝门部格利森蒂血流阻断在解剖性肝右叶肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的 探讨肝门部格利森蒂血流阻断在解剖性肝右叶肝癌切除术中的应用.方法 回颐性分析38例肝右叶肝癌患者的临床资料,20例采用肝门部格利森带血流阻断(A组)进行解剖性肝切除;18例采用间歇性第一肝门阻断(B组)进行肝肿瘤局部切除;对2组术中出血、术后肝功能及胆瘘情况进行比较.结果 2组病例均无死亡病例,A组无出现腹水病例...     

Traumatic injuries to the porta hepatis: case report and review of the literature

Injuries to the porta hepatis present a rare but life-threatening condition. This report documents a patient surviving injuries to all three structures in the porta hepatis. A literature study sets out the guidelines for the optimal treatment of these lesions.     

肝切除术中大出血的原因及防治

目的 分析肝切除术中大出血的原因并探讨其防治策略。方法 以术中出血量达到或超过l000ml为大出血标准,回顾性分析1955～2000年4368例肝切除术大出血的原因及处理。结果 4368例肝切除术中,286例(6．5％)发生术中大出血。主要原因是大血管损伤、肝硬化门静脉高压症、肝功能不良及肿瘤与周围脏器的广泛粘连等。处理方法：修补、缝扎损伤的血管;缝扎或离断出血的曲张静脉;彻底结扎肝断面血管并褥式缝合肝断面;阻断肝门,快速切除破裂的肿瘤等。术中输注纤维蛋白原、创面热盐水湿敷和(或)涂抹生物胶以及氩气刀热凝、纱布填塞压迫等。结论 轻柔操作、避免强力牵拉肝脏可减少损伤大血管或肿瘤破裂所致的大出血;常温下第一肝门阻断可有效减少切肝时的出血量;癌肿与周围器官或组织广泛粘连者宜采用原位肝切除术;凝血机制异常而致的创面广泛渗血,大纱布填塞压迫仍是一种有效的止血方法。     

不能切除的肝门区恶性肿瘤引起胆道阻塞的治疗

目的 探讨针对不同病冈导致的不能切除的肝门区恶性肿瘤引起的胆道阻塞采用各种常用治疗方法问的疗效差异.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月～2007年12月问不能切除的肝门区恶性肿瘤引起胆道阻塞的56例采用不同方式进行减黄治疗的临床资料.以术后3 d、7 d血清总胆红素、直接胆红素及碱性磷酸酶为评价指标,对减黄效果进行评价.结果 减黄效果以手术组最佳,其后依次为双侧金属支架置入术、双侧塑料支架置入术和双侧胆道内、外引流术.双侧引流明显优于单侧引流.结论 对不能切除的肝门区恶性肿瘤引起胆道阻塞的病人,如病情许可应尽量争取手术探查,减黄措施首选胆道内引流术.如行介入或内镜治疗,最好行双侧引流.