Chondroma of the nasal bone: a case report

Cartilaginous tumors are common in the long bones of the body and relatively rare in the head and neck. When they do occur in the head and neck, the most common site is the midface. Since the first case report by Morgan in 1842, approximately 150 cases of head and neck chondroma have been recorded in the English-language literature. In this article, the authors describe a new case in which a chondroma of the nasal bone caused an external nasal deformity in a 17-year-old boy. The lesion was excised via an external rhinoplasty approach. The authors believe that this is the first reported case of a chondroma arising from the nasal bone. The authors have made an attempt to comprehensively review the literature on this rare and controversial tumor and place special emphasis on its uncertain biologic nature. A detailed discussion of the diagnosis and management of this tumor is also included in this report.     

A huge chondromyxoid fibroma of the nasal cavity in a newborn baby

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign tumor that usually occurs in the long bones. A 2-month newborn presented with huge masses in the both nasal cavities, which turned out to be chondromyxoid fibroma. The masses originated from both inferior turbinates. Total turbinectomy on the left side and submucosal mass excision on the right side were performed. No recurrence or new lesion was observed during the 2 years of follow up. We report here on a rare case of nasal cavity chondromyxoid fibroma in a neonate and we review the relevant literature.     

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the nasal cavity and palate

We present an exceedingly rare case of chondromyxoid fibroma of the nasal cavity and palate. This rare tumor usually occurs in the metaphyses of the long bones. Our patient's tumor was diagnosed by biopsy, and it was resected en bloc. At the 2-year follow-up, the patient was doing well with no signs of recurrence. We review the pathologic characteristics, differential diagnosis, and treatment of chondromyxoid fibroma of the nasal cavity.     

Cavernous hemangioma of the nasal bones

Cavernous hemangioma of the nasal bones is a rare benign tumor. 31 cases have been published in the world literature.The tumor appears as a firm swelling involving the nasal bone, adjacent tissues are uninvolved. The CT scan is helpful in defining tumor characteristics and extent. In most cases surgery appears curative without major cosmetic deformation. We present a case of nasal bones hemangioma where a coronal flap approach was used for tumor resection and cranial bone grafts for reconstruction.     

A case of neurinoma of the nasal septum

Neurinoma grows in the modulated nerve with Schwann cells, and is observed for all positions of the body. It is comparatively rare for neurinoma to grow in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, however. We report a case of neurinoma of the nasal septum. A 24-year-old man seen for nasal obstruction was found in anterior rhinoscopy to have a tumor of the bilateral nasal cavity. Computed tomography (CT) showed a soft tissue density mass in the anterior part of the nasal cavity. Because we suspected neurinoma from biopsy, we resected the tumor by Denker's operation under general anesthesia. We found that it originated from the nasal septum. Histopathological findings of the tumor indicated an Antoni A type neurinoma. After surgery, cartilago costalis was transplanted the plastic surgery to correct the defect in the nasal septum. The post operative course was good and no signs of recurrence were seen. This is the 19th case found in the literature.     

Cavernous haemangioma of the nasal bones.

A case report of a cavernous haemangioma arising in the nasal bones is described, together with a discussion of the relevant literature. The condition, although rare, can be reliably diagnosed pre-operatively.     

Myofibroblastische Sarkome des Larynx

Background

Myofibroblastic sarcomas or myofibrosarcoma, are extremely rare malignant neoplasms of myofibroblasts. They are characterized by the pattern of cells and special immunohistochemical markers such as vimentin, desmin and alpha-smooth-muscle actin.

Patient and method

The case of a patient with a history of frequently relapsing papillomas of the larynx is reported. Chronic laryngitis with focal low-grade dysplasia of the squamous epithelium was diagnosed approximately 1 year after the first treatment of the papillomas. After approximately 2 years the pathologist diagnosed the rare myofibroblastic sarcoma of the larynx. The patient underwent laryngectomy due to the spread of the tumor with a bilateral selective neck dissection. The patient is at present still free of recurrence and metastases.

Results and conclusions

There is a great danger of misjudging a myofibroblastic sarcoma as an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and consequently to delay the urgently needed treatment. Therefore, an overview of the present state of knowledge about diagnosis and treatment of myofibroblastic sarcomas will be given based on this case report.     

Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Nasal Cavity

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is often founded in the head and neck region. However, BSCC in the sinonasal tract is rare. We report here on the case of a 58-yr-old woman who presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Computed tomography and examination of the nasal cavity revealed a tumor mass that originated from the right inferior turbinate with erosion of the nasal floor. The tumor that was attached to the inferior turbinate, the lateral nasal wall and the eroded right side hard palate, and so all this was resected. Histopathologic examination of the excised tumor confirmed BSCC in the nasal cavity. We report here on a nasal cavity BSCC that was treated with partial maxillectomy only.     

Benign osteoblastoma of the nasal bones (a case report)

A case of benign osteoblastoma of the nasal bones has been described. Osteoblastoma is rare in the facial bones. The present case may be the first case to be reported in the nasal bones.     

A rare case of solitary fibrous tumor of the nasal cavity

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) arises in the pleura and less commonly in extrapleural sites. SFT can be found in various head and neck sites. SFTs of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are extremely rare with only ten previously reported cases in the world literature. This case report presents an additional case of SFT of the nasal cavity underlining the benign pattern and the bleeding tendency of nasal SFT, that surgeons managing these tumors should be aware of. Diagnostic procedure, clinical and histopathological findings as well as immunoreactivity of this tumor are discussed, with a review of the current literature.     

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the nasal bone with extension into the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses: report of one case and a review of the literature

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign tumor that usually occurs in the long bones. A 50-year-old patient presented with chondromyxoid fibroma of the nasal bone with extension into the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses. This is the fourth case reported to date in the literature. The clinical manifestations of the tumor were very limited, and the appearance at rhinoscopy was misleading. Radiologic imaging showed a soft tissue lesion invading the adjacent bony structures and the dura mater. Surgery was performed by a combined team of otorhinolaryngologists and neurosurgeons, and total excision of the tumor was achieved. The histologic diagnosis of this tumor is difficult because of its similarities to chondrosarcoma. [Editorial comment: The authors concisely review management of this rare tumor, emphasizing that complete surgical excision, rather than curettage, is required for long term control.]     

Multicentric giant cell tumor: metachronous central and peripheral involvement

Giant cell tumors are rare in the head and neck region. The most frequently involved sites of giant cell lesions in the head and neck are the maxilla and mandible, whereas the sphenoid and temporal bones are rarely involved. This tumor is usually located in the long bones of limbs. Reparative granuloma and brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism must be included in the differential diagnosis. Here we report the clinical and radiologic findings of a multicentric giant cell tumor with skull base involvement in a female patient. This case report demonstrates the similar pathophysiology of peripheral and central giant cell tumors.     

Extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma arising from the nasal septum

Extra nasopharyngeal origin of angiofibroma is very rare. The nasal septum is a very rare site of extra nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with only two cases reported in the medical literature. We report here a case of a vascular mass arising from the nasal septum of an 8 year old boy. Histopathology confirmed it to be a case of angiofibroma. A review is also made of the other reported cases of angiofibroma arising from the nasal cavity. The likely theory of origin of the tumor and the management is also discussed.     

Intranasal meningoencephalocele. A case report

Intranasal meningoencephaloceles are rare. The tumor's appearance may suggest the diagnosis of a nasal polyp or glioma. This may lead to an inappropriate surgical approach and serious neurological complications. We report the case of an intranasal meningoencephalocele initially treated as a nasal polyp and complicated by nasal leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. The differential diagnosis of the tumor using CT and MRI and surgical treatment are described.     

Verrucous carcinoma of the nasal cavity: a case report

We report a rare case of verrucous carcinoma occurring in the nasal cavity. A 53-year-old man reporting left-sided nasal obstruction and awareness of a left intranasal lesion--a whitish polypoid lesion--was found in CT to have an expansive lesion of the left nasal cavity and maxillary sinus. The tumor was completely removed by Denker's operation. Verrucous carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma most commonly seen in the oral cavity. In some cases, conventional squamous cell carcinoma components may be observed focally in verrucous carcinoma, called a hybrid tumor. In our case, the tumor showed typical features of a hybrid tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of hybrid verrucous squamous cell carcinoma originating in the nose in the Japanese literature.     

Nasal glioma (neuroglial heterotopia) mimicking an astrocytoma: case report

Nasal glioma is a rare benign tumor that usually occurs during infancy. We report a case of nasal glioma in a 6-month-old boy in which the histomorphologic features resembled those of an anaplastic astrocytoma.     

Typical carcinoid tumor of the nasal cavity

The nasal cavity is a rare site of origin of neuroendocrine tumors. They can be classified typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid and small cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine type. The tumor histology and prognosis correlate closely. The typical carcinoid tumors are well differentiated with benign course. The treatment of the typical carcinoid is a conservative surgery and the prognosis is good. But, typical carcinoid tumor of the nasal cavity was extremely rare, so the treatment has not been established. We report a case of typical carcinoid tumor of the nasal cavity in a 76-year-old man who treated by conservative surgery using sinus endoscopy. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on an typical carcinoid in the nasal cavity.     

Isolated esthesioneuroblastoma of sphenoid sinus

Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the olfactory epithelium and accounts for approximately 3% of all intranasal tumors. The tumor involvement in the nasal cavity with extension to paranasal sinuses, orbit, and anterior cranial fossa, is reported in the literature. In this report, we present an interesting case of isolated sphenoid sinus esthesioneuroblastoma, which is the first case to be reported in the literature, and discuss the pathology, clinical manifestations, and various treatment options for this tumor.     

Intraosseous cavernous hemangioma of the middle turbinate

Hemangiomas mostly arise from the soft tissues, and intraosseous hemangiomas are uncommon. They usually occur in the vertebra and skull bones, and intraosseous hemangioma of the nasal cavity is exceedingly rare. We describe a 56-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital with a tumor in her right nasal cavity, without subjective symptoms such as epistaxis. The tumor was located at the front end of the right middle turbinate. Enhanced computed tomography demonstrated a 3 cm × 2 cm expansive bony tumor replacing the bottom of the right middle turbinate with some partial enhancement effects. The characteristic honeycomb appearance was observed. The tumor and right middle turbinate were excised en bloc by the endoscopic endonasal approach. No complications or severe bleeding occurred during the peri-operative period. Histological examination showed endothelium-lined blood-filled vascular spaces within the bony trabeculae, which suggested the typical pattern of intraosseous cavernous hemangioma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of intraosseous cavernous hemangioma of the middle turbinate in the English literature.     

Glomus tumor of the nasal vestibulum: a rare clinical presentation

Glomus tumor is an uncommon benign tumor rising from the glomus bodies. It is most often found on limbs and rarely involve the head and neck. In this report, we present the 31st documented case of a intranasal glomus (nasal vestibular) tumor, an extremely rare localization.