恩替卡韦或拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯治疗对拉米夫定耐药乙型肝炎的研究

目的：研究恩替卡韦或拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯治疗对拉米夫定耐药的慢性乙型肝炎的治疗效果。方法入组46例患者随机分为A组（恩替卡韦联合阿德福韦酯组）和B组（拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯组）,每组23例。于治疗24、48周观察,2组患者HBV DNA水平、HBeAg阴转率和血清学转换比例、ALT复常率以及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗24、48周时,A、B组患者HBV DNA阴转率、HBeAg阴转率和血清学转换比例、ALT复常率与治疗前相比改变差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0 l．05）,但2组间差异未见统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）。2组患者治疗期间均未发生与药物相关的不良反应和耐药变异。结论恩替卡韦或拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯治疗对拉米夫定耐药的乙型肝炎的治疗效果良好且安全性良好,值得临床推广。     

HBeAg阴性慢性乙肝初治抗病毒策略对比

目的对比5种抗病毒药物初治乙型肝炎病毒e抗原（HBeAg）阴性慢性乙型肝炎（乙肝）的疗效,探讨HBeAg阴性慢性乙肝初治抗病毒策略。方法选取符合标准的HBeAg阴性慢性乙肝患者150例,随机分为5组各30例,分别给予干扰素、拉米夫定、阿德福韦酯、恩替卡韦、替比夫定治疗,比较各组丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）复常率、乙肝病毒DNA（HBV DNA）阴转率、HBsAg转阴例数及耐药例数。结果ALT复常率、HBV DNA阴转率、HBsAg转阴数及耐药数方面,5组效果各有特点。结论对于初治HBeAg阴性慢性乙肝,替比夫定、恩替卡韦疗效均较好,均可作为临床一线选择。对于HBV DNA载量较低的患者,则可首选阿德福韦酯治疗。     

拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯与恩替卡韦单药治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的Meta分析

目的比较国内拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯与恩替卡韦单药治疗e抗原（hepatitis Beantigen,HBeAg））阳性慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。方法检索2008—11～2013—11公开发表的有关拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯与恩替卡韦单药治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者的随机对照临床试验（randomizedcontrolledtrial,RCT）论文,并提取纳入研究的特征信息,运用Revman5．1软件对24、48、96周时的乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitisBvirus,HBV）DNA转阴率、谷丙转氨酶（alanineaminotransferase,ALT）复常率、HBeAg阴转率及血清转换率进行分析,并采用检验分析研究间的异质性,以优势比（oddsratio,OR）为疗效分析统计量。结果最终纳入6个RCT,结果示拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯仅在治疗48、96周时ALT复常率及HBeAg血清转换率高于恩替卡韦单药治疗,而其他比较指标2组均无统计学差异。结论综合目前各项指标来看,拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯与恩替卡韦单药初治HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎疗效无明显差异,都是可以选择的治疗方案。     

三种药物治疗拉米夫定耐药慢性乙肝患者的疗效观察

目的:比较阿德福韦酯联合拉米夫定和恩替卡韦1.0mg单用两种方法治疗拉米夫定耐药慢性乙型肝炎的效果.方法:将拉米夫定耐药慢性乙肝患者112例,分为A、B两组,A组患者口服阿德福韦酯10mg/d,加服拉米夫定100mg/d;B组患者口服恩替卡韦1 mg/d,均为24周.治疗后12周和24周分别检测两组HBV-DNA、HBeAg阴转率和ALT复常率.结果:B组用药后12周HBV-DNA、HBeAg阴转率及ALT复常率均明显高于A组(P＜0.05);治疗24周后,检测HBV-DNA、HBeAg阴转率、ALT复常率,显示A、B组疗效都较好,两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:阿德福韦酯联合拉米夫定与恩替卡韦1.0mg单用对拉米夫定耐药慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效相似,但恩替卡韦起效快,成本较高.     

阿德福韦酯和恩替卡韦治疗拉米夫定耐药慢性乙肝临床疗效和成本评价

目的分析阿德福韦酯和恩替卡韦治疗拉米夫定耐药慢性乙肝疗效及成本,为临床用药提供参考。方法将拉米夫定耐药慢性乙肝患者56例,分为A、B两组,A组患者口服阿德福韦酯10mg/d,加服拉米夫定100mg/d;B组患者口服恩替卡韦1mg/d,均为48周。治疗后12周和48周检测两组HBV-DNA应答率、HBeAg阴转率和ALT复常率。结果 B组用药后12周HBV-DNA应答率及ALT复常率、HBeAg阴转率均明显高于A组（P〈0.05）;治疗48周后,检测HBV-DNA应答率、HBeAg阴转率、ALT复常率,显示A、B组疗效都较好,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论恩替卡韦或拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯治疗拉米夫定耐药乙肝患者疗效都比较好,恩替卡韦起效快,但成本较高。     

拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯与恩替卡韦单药治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化48周疗效对比研究

目的 比较拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯与恩替卡韦单药治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化疗效差异,为乙型肝炎肝硬化提供治疗方案.方法 21例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者使用拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯治疗,单药治疗组29例使用恩替卡韦治疗,进行基线情况及抗病毒48周时疗效的分析.结果 两组的性别、年龄、Child-Pugh评分、基线HBV DNA水平、HBeAg阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞005).治疗48周时病毒转阴率、Child-Pugh评分均较治疗前好转,但两组之间疗效无统计学意义.结论拉米夫定联合阿德福韦及或恩替卡韦单药治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化患者,其HBV DNA水平下降、Child-Pugh分级明显改善.但治疗48周两组疗效无差异.     

替比夫定联合阿德福韦酯对 HBeAg 阳性慢性乙型肝炎的疗效观察

目的：探讨替比夫定联合阿德福韦酯对HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效。方法将76例慢性乙型肝炎患者分为干扰素组和替比夫定组,干扰素组应用聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合阿德福韦酯,替比夫定组给予替比夫定联合阿德福韦酯,治疗48周,观察血清谷氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）的含量和正常化率及血清HBsAg、HBeAg和乙肝病毒（HBV） DNA的含量及HBeAg阴转率和血清转换率及HBV DNA低于检测下限值率变化。结果2组治疗后24周和48周ALT和AST的含量及血清HBsAg、 HBeAg和HBV DNA的含量均明显降低（ P ＜0．01）,而替比夫定组治疗后降低量更显著;ALT和AST正常化率,HBeAg阴转率和血清转换率及HBV DNA低于检测下限值率显著增加（ P ＜0．01）,而替比夫定组治疗后的增加量更显著。结论替比夫定联合阿德福韦酯的治疗效果比干扰素联合阿德福韦酯的治疗更加显著。     

3种核苷类药物治疗慢性乙型肝炎的成本-效果分析

目的评价3个核苷类药物（拉米夫定、阿德福韦和恩替卡韦）治疗慢性乙型肝炎的成本-效果。方法运用药物经济学成本-效果分析方法对151例慢性乙型肝炎的3个治疗组（A组：拉米夫定治疗;B组：阿德福韦治疗;C组：恩替卡韦治疗）进行回顾性分析评价。结果从肝组织学改善率、ALT复常率、HBeAg消失率、HBeAg血清转换率和HBV DNA转阴率的百分比中评定3组药物的疗效,恩替卡韦效果最佳,而拉米夫定的成本-效果比最低。结论在慢性乙型肝炎患者治疗方案选择上应优先考虑拉米夫定或阿德福韦,并根据患者临床指标的差异具体选择某一治疗方案。当患者经济条件许可、上述疗效不佳时可选用恩替卡韦。     

观察恩替卡韦联合阿德福韦酯治疗拉米夫定耐药慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者的疗效和安全性

目的探究拉米夫定耐药慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者采用恩替卡韦联合阿德福韦酯的治疗效果。方法选取本院2015年8月至2017年4月收治的70例拉米夫定耐药CHB患者,并抽签分为2组,对照组予以拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯治疗,观察组予以恩替卡韦联合阿德福韦酯治疗,并对两组患者的肝功能水平、HBV-DNA、HBeAg转阴情况、耐药基因变异率与不良反应进行比较。结果观察组患者治疗12周后ALT、AST、TBIL水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗48周后ALT、AST水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗12、48周后HBV-DNA转阴率分别为84.21%、92.11%,明显高于对照组患者的60%、80%(P<0.05);观察组患者非rtM204I位点变异率2.63%,明显低于对照组的21.87%(P<0.05);两组患者不良反应发生率的对比无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论拉米夫定耐药CHB患者采用恩替卡韦联合阿德福韦酯的治疗效果显著,安全性较好。     

恩替卡韦对乙型肝炎病毒感染患者肝功能的改善与HBeAg转阴的影响

目的:比较恩替卡韦与阿德福韦酯对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染患者肝功能的改善与乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)转阴的影响。方法:选取2017年4月-2018年4月间在医院接受治疗的HBV感染患者75例资料,按治疗方法的不同将其分为阿德福韦酯组(n=37)和恩替卡韦组(n=38);阿德福韦酯组患者给予阿德福韦酯治疗,恩替卡韦组患者则给予恩替卡韦治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后肝功能指标即天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和总胆红素(TBIL)测得值的变化情况,以及治疗后HBeAg转阴率和不良反应发生率的差异。结果:恩替卡韦组患者治疗后的AST、ALT和TBIL测得值均低于阿德福韦酯组(P<0.05),HBeAg转阴率高于阿德福韦酯组(P<0.05),不良反应发生率低于阿德福韦酯组(P<0.05)。结论:采用恩替卡韦治疗HBV感染患者的疗效优于阿德福韦酯,有效改善了其肝功能,提高了HBeAg转阴率,且安全性较高。     

Adefovir dipivoxil: a review of its use in chronic hepatitis B

Adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera) is an oral prodrug of the nucleotide analogue adefovir. It is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults. Adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg/day significantly improved histological, biochemical and virological outcomes in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and -negative patients, and serological outcomes in HBeAg-positive patients. In two trials, the proportion of adefovir dipivoxil recipients showing histological improvement in the liver was approximately twice that for placebo recipients. In two trials in patients chronically infected with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV), switching to or adding adefovir dipivoxil was significantly more effective at reducing serum HBV DNA levels than continuing lamivudine monotherapy. In treatment-naive patients, 1 year's treatment with adefovir dipivoxil plus lamivudine had similar efficacy to lamivudine plus placebo; however, lamivudine-resistant HBV emerged in significantly more patients receiving lamivudine plus placebo. Adefovir dipivoxil has also shown efficacy in noncomparative trials in patients with decompensated liver disease, patients co-infected with HIV and patients pre- or post-liver transplantation. Within 96 weeks of treatment with adefovir dipivoxil, a resistance-conferring mutation emerged in viral isolates from 1.6% of patients. In vitro, these isolates remained sensitive to lamivudine, while lamivudine-resistant HBV isolates remained sensitive to adefovir dipivoxil. Adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg/day is generally well tolerated. In a pooled analysis of 48-week data from two trials, there was no marked difference in adverse events or laboratory abnormalities between adefovir dipivoxil and placebo recipients. Within 96 weeks of treatment with adefovir dipivoxil, >1% of patients with adequate renal function developed an increase in serum creatinine levels of >/=0.5 mg/dL above baseline. Within 48 weeks of treatment, increases in serum creatinine levels of >/=0.5 mg/dL above baseline were observed in 13% of pre- and post-liver transplantation patients who generally had renal insufficiency or risk factors for renal dysfunction at baseline. Most patients continued treatment with dosage adjustments. CONCLUSION: Oral adefovir dipivoxil is effective and generally well tolerated in HBeAg-positive and -negative patients chronically infected with wild-type or lamivudine-resistant HBV. Few resistant HBV mutants have emerged to date. Data from ongoing long-term studies are awaited with interest. Existing treatment options for patients with chronic hepatitis B are limited in both number and effectiveness; the proven efficacy, good tolerability profile and apparently low potential for resistance of adefovir dipivoxil make it a promising new option in the management of this disease.     

Drugs in development for hepatitis B

The management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has improved dramatically over the last decade with the development of new drugs such as lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil, in addition to the now standard interferon (IFN)-alpha therapy. These new drugs can achieve a significant reduction or inhibit replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA during therapy. However, in the majority of patients, particularly in those who are hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative, the sustained off-therapy suppression of HBV DNA is rare. For this reason, several new antiviral and immunomodulatory agents are currently being evaluated. Among the immunomodulatory agents, pegylated IFNalpha (peginterferon-alpha) has been shown to be more effective for HBeAg-positive CHB than either lamivudine or standard IFNalpha monotherapy, particularly in those patients infected by HBV genotypes A and B. The new antivirals entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and telbivudine exhibit a more potent viral inhibitory effect than the currently approved drugs (IFNs, lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil). However, the emergence of viral resistance has been witnessed and this could be one of the major limitations to the clinical use of these new drugs, particularly during prolonged therapy. In HBeAg-negative patients it is more and more common for oral antiviral therapy to be administered for prolonged periods, as the sustained off-therapy response rates of short-term therapy are very low. Different studies are currently evaluating combination therapy, using lamivudine with adefovir dipivoxil or peginterferon-alpha with lamivudine; the preliminary results show virological responses no better than those achieved by monotherapy. However, as combination therapy is associated with a low likelihood of developing HBV drug resistance, this could result in a higher virological response during prolonged therapy. In the near future the most realistic therapeutic option for the majority of patients with CHB will be long-term use of these new, more potent antiviral drugs, if they can achieve good safety profiles while maintaining low resistance rates at affordable costs.     

Entecavir: a review of its use in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients with decompensated liver disease

The oral deoxyguanosine nucleoside analogue entecavir (Baraclude?) has potent activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and a high genetic barrier to resistance. This article reviews the clinical efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients with decompensated liver disease, as well as summarizing its pharmacological properties. Entecavir 1?mg/day was more effective than adefovir dipivoxil 10?mg/day in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B and decompensated liver disease, according to the results of a randomized, open-label, multicentre trial. Patients were either nucleos(t)ide naive or lamivudine experienced. The reduction from baseline in HBV DNA levels at week 24 (primary endpoint) was significantly greater with entecavir than with adefovir dipivoxil. The proportion of patients with HBV DNA levels of <300 copies/mL was also significantly greater with entecavir than with adefovir dipivoxil at weeks 24, 48 and 96, as was the proportion of patients with ALT normalization. Entecavir 0.5 or 1?mg/day, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300?mg/day and a fixed-dose combination of emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 200?mg/300?mg per day were effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients with decompensated liver disease, according to the 48-week analysis of a randomized, double-blind, multicentre trial, primarily designed to examine tolerability endpoints. In this trial, over one-third of patients had received previous therapy with lamivudine for ≥6 months. The efficacy of entecavir in treatment-naive patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis did not significantly differ from that seen in patients with chronic hepatitis B or compensated cirrhosis (compensated group), according to the results of a prospective, nonrandomized study. After 6 or 12 months of entecavir treatment, there were no significant differences between the decompensated and compensated groups in virological, biochemical or serological endpoints. In patients with decompensated cirrhosis, significant improvements from baseline in liver function were seen after 12 months of entecavir therapy. Oral entecavir was generally well tolerated in patients with chronic hepatitis B and decompensated liver disease, with most of the reported treatment-emergent adverse events consistent with decompensated liver disease. In the trial primarily designed to examine tolerability endpoints, there was no significant difference between patients receiving entecavir and those receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with or without emtricitabine in terms of the proportion of patients experiencing tolerability failure or the proportion of patients with confirmed increases in serum creatinine levels of ≥0.5?mg/dL above baseline or confirmed serum phosphorus levels of <2.0?mg/dL at week 48 (co-primary endpoints). It has been suggested that the risk of lactic acidosis associated with oral nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy is increased in patients with highly impaired liver function. However, only one case of lactic acidosis was reported among entecavir recipients across two clinical trials in patients with chronic hepatitis B and decompensated liver disease. Moreover, small studies found that the risk of lactic acidosis was not increased in patients with chronic hepatitis B and decompensated liver disease who received entecavir, compared with patients with non-HBV decompensated liver disease. In conclusion, entecavir is a valuable agent for the first-line treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients with decompensated liver disease.     

阿德福韦酯联合恩替卡韦治疗对拉米夫定耐药的慢性乙型肝炎临床疗效观察

目的比较阿德福韦酯联合拉米夫定和阿德福韦酯联合恩替卡韦对拉米夫定耐药的慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效。方法 140例对拉米夫定耐药慢性乙型肝炎的门诊患者随机分为两组:联合用药A组和联合用药B组。A组患者服用阿德福韦酯10mg/d,加服拉米夫定100mg/d,B组在服用阿德福韦酯时,服恩替卡韦0.5mg/d,所有患者均治疗2年。治疗前、治疗0.5、1、1.5和2年分别检测HBV-DNA和ALT。结果两组患者治疗后平均ALT水平均显著降低,HBV-DNA转阴率和ALT复常率显著增加,而联合用药B组明显优于A组。结论对于拉米夫定耐药的慢性乙型肝炎患者,可优先考虑采用阿德福韦酯联合恩替卡韦进行治疗。     

Treatment paradigms on hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B patients

The primary goal of treatment in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is potent and durable suppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. It results in biochemical and histological remission of CHB and is the prerequisite for the prevention of cirrhosis, its life-threatening complications and hepatocellular carcinoma. Responses that are durable after the cessation of treatment are referred to as sustained virological responses, whereas those persisting under therapy are referred to as treatment-maintained virological responses. Treatment paradigms of sustained virological response in HBeAg-negative CHB are practically restricted to conventional IFN-alpha and pegylated interferons (peg-IFNs), and are limited only to patients with compensated liver disease. Long-lasting maintained virological responses without HBV resistance in HBeAg-negative CHB are achievable by all approved nucleos(t)ide analogues (lamivudine, adefovir and entecavir) in highly variable rates, depending on their potency, rapidity of virological response and genetic barrier to resistance. The maintenance of response under 5 years of adefovir treatment represents the most effective treatment paradigm for HBeAg-negative CHB, whereas such long-term data with entecavir and tenofovir monotherapy may become available in the near future. In patients with lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants, the recommended treatment strategy is to add adefovir at the same time as continuing treatment with lamivudine. There are no treatment paradigms as yet of combination therapy from the very outset with two nucleoside analogues for use in treatment-naive patients.     

Entecavir: a new nucleoside analog for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection

BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis B infection carries considerable risk for the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment options are increasing but are limited to interferon alfa-2b, pegylated interferon alfa-2a, lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, and entecavir. Entecavir, a nucleoside analog, is the newest oral antiviral approved in the United States for treatment of chronic hepatitis B. OBJECTIVE. To review the available data for entecavir regarding its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, efficacy, and clinical use. METHODS. A MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane search of the English-language literature from January 1997-May 2006 was performed. Preapproval studies provided by the manufacturer and abstracts from recent scientific meetings on infectious disease and hepatology were also reviewed. RESULTS. Three phase III clinical trials representing more than 1600 subjects established the superior efficacy and equivalent safety of entecavir compared with lamivudine for treating patients who are hepatitis B early antigen (HBeAg) positive, HBeAg negative, or refractory to lamivudine. Entecavir resistance has not occurred in nucleoside-na?ve patients but may develop in those who already possess lamivudine resistance mutations. CONCLUSION. Trial results, along with previously published response rates for adefovir dipivoxil and interferon monotherapy, make entecavir the preferred first-line treatment option for patients with chronic hepatitis B who are nucleoside na?ve, HBeAg positive or negative, and have compensated liver disease. Both entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil maintain activity against hepatitis B virus in patients with chronic hepatitis B who are refractory to lamivudine, and both agents are reasonable first-line treatment options. Longer trials involving nucleoside-na?ve, lamivudine-refractory patients are needed to determine entecavir's optimal treatment duration, long-term safety, and durability of response, including rate of resistance.     

恩替卡韦长期治疗拉米夫定失效的慢性乙型肝炎的临床观察

目的:观察恩替卡韦长期治疗拉米夫定失效的慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效和安全性。方法:90例拉米夫定失效的慢性乙型肝炎患者给予恩替卡韦1.0 mg,口服,qd,疗程为8年。对出现病毒学反弹的患者,停用恩替卡韦,改用阿德福韦酯或阿德福韦酯联合拉米夫定治疗。观察所有患者的临床疗效,治疗后乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的脱氧核糖核酸(HBV-DNA)阴转率、病毒学反弹率、乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)血清学转换率、乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)血清学转换率、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平及不良反应发生情况。结果:所有患者临床总有效率在治疗24周时显著升高(88.9%),在治疗192周达到最高值(93.3%),并保持平稳至治疗结束;在治疗8周时出现HBV-DNA阴转(8.9%),治疗96周时显著升高(46.7%),在治疗结束时达到最高值(62.2%);治疗48周时5例患者出现病毒学反弹(5.6%),治疗结束时共有25例患者出现病毒学反弹(27.8%);治疗48周时3例患者出现HBeAg血清学转换(3.3%),治疗结束时共有29例患者出现HBeAg血清学转换(32.2%);治疗288周时6例患者出现HBsAg血清学转换(6.7%),治疗结束时共有11例患者出现HBsAg血清学转换(12.2%)。随治疗时间的延长,患者ALT水平迅速下降,在治疗12周时基本恢复正常至治疗结束。所有患者中有9例出现恶心,7例乏力,5例心动过速,2例尿液中检测有白细胞,经对症处理后均恢复正常,不良反应发生率为25.6%。结论:恩替卡韦长期治疗拉米夫定失效的慢性乙型肝炎患者疗效显著,安全性较好。     

乙型肝炎病毒耐药株不同治疗策略的临床效果比较

目的观察单用阿德福韦酯或阿德福韦酯联合拉米夫定治疗耐药慢性乙型肝炎的临床治疗。方法拉米夫定耐药慢性乙型肝炎患者80例按治疗方式分为两组。A组45例:阿德福韦酯10mg/d,拉米夫定100mg,1次/d,连续服用48周;B组35例:阿德福韦酯10mg,1次/d,连续服用48周。动态观察2组患者血清HBV DNA、HBeAg/HBeAb和肝功能(ALT、TBiL)的变化。结果 A组在12周时ALT、TBiL的复常率明显高于B组,而24周、48周两组ALT、TBiL复常率比较无明显差异,无统计学意义;两组在48周时HBeAg转阴率比较无明显差异,无统计学意义;两组在48周时HBV DNA转阴率,差异有统计学意义。结论单独给予阿德福韦酯或联合拉米夫定均可对拉米夫定耐药的慢性乙型肝炎患者有疗效,但联合用药效果更佳。     

Pegylated interferons for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B

Five drugs are approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: conventional interferon (IFN) alfa, lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, pegylated interferon (peginterferon) alfa-2a and entecavir. Conventional IFN monotherapy has a narrow range of efficacy, should be administered subcutaneously and is commonly associated with adverse effects. Lamivudine is cheaper and well tolerated, but the virological response may not be durable and prolonged lamivudine treatment is commonly associated with the emergence of drug-resistant mutants. Adefovir dipivoxil is potent but with nephrotoxicity at higher doses. Entecavir is active against both lamivudine- and adefovir dipivoxil-na?ve and -resistant HBV, however, its long-term efficacy remains to be evaluated. Peginterferon alfa-2a has recently been shown to be superior to conventional IFN and lamivudine in the treatment of both HBeAg-positive and -negative chronic hepatitis B. By using peginterferon alfa-2a monotherapy, the overall virological and serological responses are around 30%-44%. However, peginterferon alfa-2a in combination with lamivudine does not improve the results at the end of follow-up. Adverse effects are usually tolerable and comparable with conventional IFN. Similar efficacy of peginterferon alfa-2b has also been demonstrated in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. These observations suggest an important and even a primary role of peginterferon alfa in the treatment of chronic HBV infection.     

拉米夫定与阿德福韦酯治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的对比分析

目的探究拉米夫定与阿德福韦酯对治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的效果差异。方法选取2011年6月一2013年6月期间于我院接受门诊治疗的HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者72例进行回顾性分析,其中36例采用拉米夫定治疗,作为拉米夫定组,36例采用阿德福韦酯治疗,作为阿德福韦酯组,连续治疗与监测24个月。观察患者24个月后血清ALT的复常率、血清HBVDNA转阴率、HBeAg消失率、HBeAg转阴率等。结果拉米夫定组患者的ALT复常率、HBVDNA转阴率、HBeAg消失率、HBeAg血清转换率均随着治疗时间的加长而逐渐降低,阿德福韦酯组患者则相反,两组相比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论拉米夫定起效快,但耐药率高,适合重症患者;阿德福韦酯虽起效慢,但2年耐药率低,对非重症患者作为首选药物。