125Ⅰ密封籽源用于肿瘤治疗的动物实验初步研究

目的研究125I密封籽源对Hela细胞的杀伤作用以及对肿瘤的抑制作用.方法通过内植入法将125I密封籽源植入荷瘤鼠的肿瘤内,观察其对肿瘤的抑制作用以及血液学毒性.结果125I密封籽源对Hela细胞杀伤明显,照射48h的杀伤范围为1.6～2.4mm,对肿瘤有明显的抑制作用,对血象和生化指标无明显影响.结论125I密封籽源组织植入治疗法能有效抑制肿瘤的生长,并达到了治疗的效果.     

放射性125I粒籽源的剂量分布

采用放射性^125I粒籽源永久性植入治疗恶性肿瘤，使肿瘤部位受照剂量高，有助于肿瘤的整体杀灭，而对周围正常组织造成损伤较小，在我国已有研究报道。本研究采用热释光剂量学方法，研究放射性^125I粒籽源治疗恶性肿瘤的剂量及剂量分布，为临床近距离治疗提供科学的剂量依据。现将单颗^125I粒籽源的剂量分布结果报道如下。     

测量方法对^125I密封籽源活度值的影响研究

目的 研究各种因素（包括测量的几何位置、不同容器、自屏蔽、容器壁厚等）对^125I密封籽源表观活度测量的影响，建立理想的测量条件。方法将^125I密封籽源直立在1ml尖底放免管中，放入CRC-15R活度计的小托盘中进行测量。结果 不同测量条件对^125I密封籽源表观活度测量有影响。结论 在最佳测量条件下，测量的^125I密封籽源表观活度比较准确。     

125I粒子对Hela细胞杀伤作用的实验研究

目的观察体外Hela细胞在^125I粒子照射下细胞凋亡和增殖的规律，探讨^125I粒子对肿瘤的杀伤作用。方法用^125I粒子照射Hela细胞，用不同的方法观察不同剂量和时间点细胞的增殖反应及形态变化。结果受照射细胞发生凋亡，于Ⅱb期出现凋亡小体；细胞凋亡率随累积剂量的增加而增加，于5Gy时出现凋亡率峰值；细胞克隆形成率显著下降，与凋亡形成呈反向关系。并有反剂量率效应。结论^125I粒子对肿瘤的治疗作用可能为早期抑制肿瘤细胞增殖，晚期使肿瘤细胞大量凋亡。     

^125I籽源组织间植入治疗恶性肿瘤疗效分析

目的探讨^125I籽源组织间植入治疗恶性肿瘤的方法及其对恶性肿瘤的治疗效果。方法将51例来自成都军区总医院和攀成钢青白江医院各种肿瘤患者纳入此研究。采用直视下或在B超、CT及X光机引导下穿刺腔道支架携带，将^125I籽源植入病变区域，观察疗效。结果全组51例经治疗有效率达94．1％。结论放射性粒子组织间植入治疗恶性肿瘤是一种比较理想的治疗方式，可以作为肿瘤姑息治疗的首选及根治性手术的补充治疗。     

125I粒子植入治疗非小细胞肺癌后肿瘤标志物的观察

目的：测定^125I粒子植入治疗非小细胞肺痛（NSCLC）前后患者血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原125（CA125）、细胞角蛋白19片段（CYERA21-1）肿瘤标志物水平,比较^125I粒子植入前后肿瘤标志物的变化,分析肿瘤治疗疗效分级与肿瘤标志物水平的关系。方法：用放射免疫方法测定^125I粒子植入治疗NSCLC患者前后,血清中CEA、CA125、CYERA21-1的浓度。结果：与植入前比较,^125I粒子植入1个月后,NSCLC患者血清中CEA、CA125、CYERA21-1等肿瘤标志物出现显著性变化（P〈0．01）,^125I粒子植入后1、3、6个月上述肿瘤标志物水平比较无显著性差异;肿瘤疗效评价分类不同,其相应肿瘤标志物浓度也有显著性差异。结论：^125I粒子植入治疗NSCLC,能够有效降低多项肿瘤标志物的水平;不同疗效分级的肿瘤标志物其水平明显不同。     

125I标记三链形成寡核苷酸对肝癌细胞生长的抑制作用

目的探讨^125I标记的三链形成寡核苷酸（TFO）对肝癌细胞的抑制作用，为HBV相关肝细胞癌（HCC）的基因治疗提供实验依据。方法合成能与HBV前S基因特异结合的TFO，并以^125 I标记（^125 I-TFO）；分^125I—TFO、等量TFO、相同活度^125 I和空白对照4组与HepG2．2．15细胞共同培养，通过ELISA法检测培养前后各组细胞上清中乙型肝炎e抗原（HBeAg）和乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）含量的变化，以四甲基偶氮唑蓝（M1Tr）比色法检测各组细胞存活率。结果^125 I-TFO标记率〉93％，稳定性较好，37℃放置12h放化纯90．8％，48h81．1％，72h73．2％；^125I-TFO组在转染48h对HepG2．2．15细胞合成HBeAg及HBsAg的抑制作用最强，对HBeAg和HBsAg表达的抑制率（74．5％和45．2％）及细胞杀伤率[72h细胞增殖抑制率为（31．64-2．5）％]高于其他实验组（P〈0．01）。结论^125 I-TFO可以抑制HBV抗原表达，杀伤肝癌细胞，为制备抗HBV、抗HCC的放射性基因治疗药物提供依据。     

CT导向下^125I粒子组织间插植治疗恶性肿瘤的临床应用

目的：介绍CT导向下^125I粒子组织间插植治疗恶性肿瘤的技术方法并评价其临床价值。方法：17例36个恶性肿瘤病灶，在CT引导下进行肿瘤内^125I粒子组织间插植。首先根据影像资料，利用TPS计算出治疗肿瘤所需要^125I粒子的最佳数量及分布，然后在CT导向下经皮穿刺将^125I粒子植入到肿瘤内，术后2月随访。结果：CR17个（47．2％），PR11个（30．6％），NC4个（11．1％），PD1个（2．8％）。结论：CT导向下组织间植入^125I粒子治疗恶性肿瘤是一种安全、可靠、疗效显著的治疗方法。     

^125I粒子捆绑支架治疗食管癌的临床研究

目的：对中晚期食管癌采用^125I粒子源植入治疗的方法和价值进行探讨。方法：将装有^125I粒子源的硅胶管捆绑在食道支架的表面，根据肿瘤组织的分布情况进行布阵。在透视下将支架置入食管。结果：12例患者共使用50粒^125I粒子源，3个月随访吞咽困难分级均为3级，无血象改变、气管食管瘘发生。结论：^125I粒子支架治疗中晚期食道癌易杀灭肿瘤细胞，控制病变，是安全、有效和可行的，有重要的临床应用价值。     

125I植入对小鼠移植性实体瘤抑制效果

目的观察12I籽源组织间植入对小鼠移植性实体瘤的治疗效果.方法建立小鼠艾氏腹水瘤细胞移植性实体肿瘤模型.治疗组在肿瘤组织内平均植入4粒表面放射活性为8.14MBq的BT-125-Ⅰ型125I籽源,对照组植入4粒无放射活性的空心籽源.治疗28 d,记录小鼠存活率.处死存活的小鼠,测量残存肿瘤的体积、重量并计算肿瘤体积抑制率.对摘除的肿瘤组织进行常规病理切片检查,观察籽源对肿瘤组织的破坏程度和范围.结果治疗28 d,治疗组和对照组小鼠存活率分别为75%和50%;平均瘤重分别为(0.347±0.25)g,(5.162±1.75)g(t=6.164,P＜0.05);肿瘤平均体积分别为(175.9±147.9)mm3,(3974.1±1507.7)mm3(t=5.618,P＜0.05),肿瘤体积抑制率为95.6%.常规病理切片结果显示,125I籽源周围0～3 mm范围内肿瘤细胞病理变化由凝固坏死向外逐渐减弱为变性坏死;空心籽源周边区域仅有机械刺激导致的轻微水肿和纤维化.结论125I籽源组织间植入对小鼠实体肿瘤具有显著的治疗效果.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.