紫草素对慢性脑低灌注损伤大鼠认知功能的保护作用

目的观察紫草素对慢性脑低灌注损伤大鼠所致认知损害的保护作用。方法雄性SD大鼠经双侧颈动脉结扎建立慢性脑低灌注损伤大鼠模型,将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、脑缺血模型组和紫草素(SK)治疗组。以Morris水迷宫检测其空间学习记忆能力;取大鼠海马组织测定其丙二醛(MDA)的含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的活力、乙酰胆碱转移酶(ChAT)含量。结果 SK高剂量组0.7mg·100g~(-1)·d~(-1))、低剂量组0.35mg·100g~(-1)·d~(-1)均可明显改善慢性脑低灌注损伤大鼠学习记忆障碍,可增加海马组织中SOD活性、抑制MDA的形成(P0.01);降低TChE含量、提高ChAT活性(P0.01)。结论 SK可明显改善慢性脑低灌注损伤大鼠模型的学习记忆能力,减轻氧化应激损伤、增强中枢胆碱能系统功能。     

葛根素对Alzheimer病大鼠海马tau蛋白过度磷酸化及胆碱乙酰转移酶活性的影响

目的探讨葛根素(Pue)对Alzheimer病(AD)大鼠海马色氨酸404位点tau蛋白过度磷酸化(Pser404tau)及胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)活性的影响。方法将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、AD组和Pue组;右侧杏仁核注射β淀粉样肽(Aβ2535)制备AD大鼠模型,假手术组同样部位注射三氟乙酸;用Y型迷宫检测各组大鼠学习记忆能力;应用免疫组化方法检测各组大鼠海马Pser404tau阳性细胞及ChAT阳性细胞的表达。结果(1)与假手术组相比,AD组大鼠迷宫试验成绩下降,海马Pser404tau阳性细胞数明显增加,ChAT阳性细胞数明显减少(均P<0.01);(2)与AD组相比,Pue组学习记忆成绩明显提高(P<0.05),Pser404tau阳性细胞数明显降低,ChAT阳性细胞数明显增加(均P<0.01)。结论Pue明显改善AD大鼠学习记忆能力,可能与其抑制tau蛋白过磷酸化反应、减轻胆碱能神经元损伤、增加ChAT活性和功能、催化Ach合成有关。     

米诺环素对慢性脑低灌注大鼠空间学习记忆能力及海马BACE-1和Aβ表达的影响

目的观察米诺环素对慢性脑低灌注大鼠空间学习记忆能力及海马BACE-1和Aβ表达的影响,为慢性脑低灌注认知功能障碍的治疗提供依据。方法 72只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、慢性脑低灌注组、米诺环素治疗组。结扎双侧颈总动脉建立大鼠慢性脑低灌注模型,米诺环素治疗组在慢性脑低灌注模型的基础上连续给予50mg/kg/d的米诺环素灌胃。观察时间点分别为造模后1个月、2个月和3个月。采用Morris水迷宫对大鼠进行定位航行潜伏期和空间探索时间检测后,断头取脑,采用免疫组织化学法检测海马区脑组织BACE-1和Aβ。结果在造模后1个月、2个月和3个月时间点,模型组定位航行潜伏期较假手术组明显延长(P<0.05,P<0.01),空间探索时间明显减少(P<0.01);治疗组潜伏期较模型组明显缩短(P<0.05,P<0.01),空间探索时间明显增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。模型组BACE-1和Aβ的表达较假手术组明显增加(P<0.01),治疗组BACE-1和Aβ的表达较模型组显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论米诺环素能改善慢性脑低灌注大鼠空间学习记忆能力,其作用机制可能与其抑制慢性脑低灌注大鼠BACE-1的表达,减少Aβ的产生有关。     

血管性痴呆大鼠海马神经型胆碱能受体的变化

目的 探讨血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠海马神经型胆碱能受体(nAChR)的变化.方法 改良四血管法建立VD大鼠模型;术后1个月,采用Morris水迷宫试验检测VD大鼠的学习和记忆功能;应用改良Ellman法测定大鼠血浆及海马乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性;Western Blot法及RT-PCR法分别检测大鼠海马nAChR亚单位α3、α4、α7蛋白及mRNA的表达水平,并与假手术组比较.结果 与假手术组相比,VD组水迷宫试验逃避潜伏期明显延长,第1次穿越平台时间延长,穿越平台次数减少(均P<0.01);血浆AChE活性降低(P<0.01),海马AChE活性升高(P<0.05);海马nAChR α3、α4、α7蛋白及nAChR α3、α7 mRNA表达水平明显下降(P<0.05～0.01),nAChR α4 mRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.01).结论 海马神经元nAChR表达的降低可能是VD大鼠认知功能受损害的基础.     

脑慢性低灌注老龄大鼠海马ε型蛋白激酶C及α分泌酶ADAM17表达的变化

目的观察脑慢性低灌注对老龄大鼠海马组织ε型蛋白激酶C(PKCε)及α分泌酶ADAM17蛋白表达的影响。方法将老龄大鼠随机分为假手术组和低灌注组,低灌注组永久性阻断双侧颈总动脉,制作脑慢性低灌注模型;采用Y型电迷宫分别于术后14和28d检测大鼠学习记忆能力;采用免疫组化法和免疫印迹法检测上述时间点海马组织PKCε和ADAM17的表达。结果低灌注组术后14和28d学习记忆能力较假手术组减退(P<0.01);与假手术组比较,低灌注组术后各时间点大鼠海马PKCε和ADAM17表达明显下降(P均<0.01)。结论脑慢性低灌注损害老龄大鼠学习记忆能力,导致痴呆发生,其机制可能与海马PKCε表达下降有关,而PKCε参与调节α分泌酶的表达,推测PKCε表达的下调,导致ADAM17表达减少,间接促进β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)生成,损伤脑组织形成痴呆。     

慢性脑低灌注大鼠海马缝隙连接蛋白32和36的表达变化

目的：观察慢性脑低灌注大鼠海马组织中缝隙连接蛋白（Cx）32和Cx36的变化,探讨其在慢性脑低灌注认知功能损害中的作用。方法：双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎（2VO）制作慢性脑低灌注模型,Morris水迷宫检测2VO大鼠空间学习记忆能力变化,免疫组化检测2VO大鼠海马各区Cx32和Cx36的表达水平。结果：慢性脑低灌注大鼠的空间学习记忆能力较假手术对照组显著下降,海马Cx32和Cx36的表达也有降低。结论：Cx32和Cx36可能参与了慢性脑低灌注导致的认知功能损害。     

甘露醇对骨髓间充质干细胞治疗血管性痴呆大鼠行为学及海马胆碱能系统的影响

目的 探讨甘露醇对骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)移植治疗血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠行为学及海马胆碱能系统活性的影响.方法 体外全骨髓培养结合细胞贴壁法培养大鼠BMSCs.采用双侧颈总动脉结扎法制备VD模型.将大鼠随机分为4组:(1)甘露醇预处理BMSCs组:造模4w后,先进行尾静脉注射20%甘露醇,10～30min后,再尾静脉注射BMSCs;(2)BMSCs组:造模4w后,经尾静脉注射等量BMSCs;(3)培养基组:造模4w后,经尾静脉注射等量BMSCs基础培养基;(4)假手术组:不进行任何干预.BMSCs移植4w后进行Morris水迷宫试验和大鼠海马内胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性检测.结果 甘露醇预处理BMSCs组的ChAT和AChE活性均比BMSCs组、培养基组有明显提高(P<0.05),同时其行为学亦较BMSCs组、培养基组有明显改善(P<0.05).结论 甘露醇预处理后进行静脉注射移植BMSCs,使VD大鼠模型海马胆碱能系统的活性明显增强,并进一步改善VD大鼠的学习与记忆能力.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对血管性痴呆大鼠海马胆碱能神经元的影响

目的皮下注射碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)于血管性痴呆大鼠,研究用药前后大鼠海马胆碱能神经元的变化。方法制作血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠模型,随机取用VD大鼠模型12只,分治疗组6只,痴呆组6只。另外,取假手术组6只。皮下注射bFGF于治疗组中血管性痴呆大鼠。治疗5周后,以Morris水迷宫定位航行试验和空间探索试验来检测大鼠的学习记忆能力,乙酰胆碱转移酶(ChAT)免疫组织化学染色观察海马CA1区胆碱能神经元数目的变化。结果治疗组大鼠海马CA1区胆碱能神经元数目较痴呆组明显增多。结论皮下注射bFGF后能迁移至海马,诱导海马产生具有ChAT活性神经元,所产生的ChAT活性神经元可能就是胆碱能神经元。     

盐酸美金刚对血管性痴呆大鼠疗效观察

目的 观察盐酸美金刚对血管性痴呆大鼠的疗效及作用机制.方法 80只健康Wistar大鼠(月龄12～14个月),体质量300～400 g,随机分为对照组、模型组、美金刚对照组及美金刚治疗组,每组20只.采用持久双侧颈总动脉结扎术造成血管性痴呆大鼠模型,美金刚对照组及美金刚治疗组于术后8周开始以美金刚(5 mg·kg-1)每天灌胃,对照组和模型组以同等量的0.5 g/L羧甲基纤维素钠灌胃,连续4周.采用Morris水迷宫衡量大鼠学习记忆水平;测定大鼠脑皮层、海马组织乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)活性的变化.结果 术后12周,与对照组相比,模型组大鼠的学习记忆能力明显下降(P<0.05);脑皮层、海马组织内AChE活性明显升高(P<0.05),ChAT活性明显降低(P<0.05),MDA活性明显升高(P<0.05),GSH活性明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,美金刚治疗组大鼠的学习记忆能力明显提高(P<0.05);脑皮层、海马组织内AChE活性及ChAT活性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)、MDA活性明显降低(P<0.05)、GSH活性明显升高(P<0.05).结论 盐酸美金刚对血管性痴呆大鼠的学习记忆能力有明显提高,作用机制是通过调节脑组织内MDA及GSH的活性来实现的,该实验研究为临床上血管性痴呆的治疗提供实验基础及理论依据.     

大鼠脑缺血再灌注后Caspase-3、Bcl-2和Bax的表达

目的探讨大鼠脑缺血再灌注后caspase-3、Bcl-2和Bax在脑皮质神经元中的表达。方法将动物随机分为假手术组及缺血组,参照zea longa线栓法建立大鼠左侧大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,各组大鼠分别在左侧MCAO2h再灌注不同时间点断头取脑,脑皮质神经元中caspase-3、Bcl-2和Bax的表达通过免疫组化法来测定。结果缺血组大鼠脑皮质caspase-3的表达较假手术组显著增强(P<0.01),缺血组大鼠脑皮质Bcl-2的表达较假手术组显著增强(P<0.01),缺血组大鼠脑皮质Bax的表达较假手术组显著增强(P<0.01)。结论短暂性脑缺血再灌注上调脑皮质神经元中caspase-3和Bax的表达促细胞凋亡,上调脑皮质神经元中Bcl-2的表达抗细胞凋亡。     

慢性脑低灌注对2型糖尿病模型大鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响及胆碱能神经元损伤的机制探讨

目的探讨2型糖尿病（DM）是否加重慢性脑低灌注（CCH）大鼠胆碱能神经元及空间学习记忆能力损伤。方法SD大鼠24只,随机分为4组（均n=6）：①对照组（正常饮食＋假手术）;②DM组[高脂饮食＋链脲佐菌素（STZ）];③CCH组[正常饮食＋双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎（2-VO）];④DM-CCH组（高脂饮食＋STZ＋2-VO）。采用Morris水迷宫测试各组大鼠学习记忆能力;免疫组化学法检测海马区乙酰胆碱转移酶（CHAT）阳性细胞表达和免疫印迹法检测海马ChAT相对表达量。结果DM＋CCH组逃避潜伏期与对照组比较明显延长,第2-4天（P〈0．001）、第5天（P〈0．01）;目标象限时『目】百分比明显低干对照组（P〈0．01）、DM组（P〈0．05）和CCH组（尸〈O．05）。DM＋CCH组海马区ChAT阳性细胞表达明显减少,ChAT相对表达量较对照组显著减少（P〈0．01）、DM组（P〈0．05）和CCH组（P〈0．05）显著减少。结论DM可加重CCH大鼠的空间学习记忆能力障碍,可能与海马区胆碱能神经元损伤有关。     

盐酸法舒地尔对慢性脑低灌注损伤大鼠海马细胞的保护作用

目的 观察Rho激酶抑制剂盐酸法舒地尔(hydroxy fasudil, HF)对慢性低灌注脑缺血所致大鼠海马神经细胞损伤的保护作用。方法 采用永久性结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉(permanent occlusion of the bilateral CCA, 2VO)制备大鼠慢性不完全性全脑缺血模型,将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、脑缺血模型组和HF治疗组,运用Morris 水迷宫行为学方法检测大鼠空间学习记忆能力; 用HE染色观察海马组织形态学改变。结果 Morris 水迷宫检测发现模型组大鼠学习记忆能力受损,与假手术组比较逃避潜伏期延长、空间辨别能力下降; 组织学观察模型组大鼠海马CA1细胞发生丢失,组织结构异常。连续给予盐酸法舒地尔30 d能改善大鼠学习记忆功能,减少脑缺血所致的大鼠海马神经细胞丢失。结论 盐酸法舒地尔可减少慢性脑缺血所致的大鼠海马神经元的丢失,改善学习记忆功能。     

阻断缝隙连接对局灶性脑缺血再灌注后海马迟发性神经元死亡及Bax表达的影响

目的 探讨阻断缝隙连接对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后海马迟发性神经无死亡(delayed neu-ronal death,DND)及Bax表达的影响.方法 术前2 h左侧脑室注射缝隙连接阻断剂甘珀酸(carbenoxolone,CBX),颈内动脉插线法制备大鼠大脑中动脉缺血模型,采用TUNEL及免疫荧光技术,观察3 d后海马DND及Bax表达水平的变化.结果 缺血再灌注生理盐水有45%的大鼠出现海马DND;用CBX后仅30%的大鼠出现海马DND,机率明显减小(P<0.01);与假手术组比较,缺血再灌注中CBX组Bax的表达水平明显增高,但低于缺血再灌注生理盐水(P<0.01).结论 缝隙连接与局灶性脑缺血再灌注引起的海马DND有密切关系,其原因可能与缺血再灌注后凋亡启动信号由缺血再灌注区通过缝隙连接向远隔部位播散有关.Bax参与了海马神经元凋亡的调节.     

Cholinergic imbalance in the multiple sclerosis hippocampus

Hippocampal pathology was shown to be extensive in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is associated with memory impairment. In this post-mortem study, we investigated hippocampal tissue from MS and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and compared these to non-neurological controls. By means of biochemical assessment, (immuno)histochemistry and western blot analyses, we detected substantial alterations in the cholinergic neurotransmitter system in the MS hippocampus, which were different from those in AD hippocampus. In MS hippocampus, activity and protein expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme, was decreased, while the activity and protein expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the acetylcholine degrading enzyme, was found to be unaltered. In contrast, in AD hippocampus both ChAT and AChE enzyme activity and protein expression was decreased. Our findings reveal an MS-specific cholinergic imbalance in the hippocampus, which may be instrumental in terms of future treatment options for memory problems in this disease.     

依达拉奉对慢性脑低灌注大鼠脑自由基代谢及海马CA1区HIF-1α表达的影响

目的:观察依达拉奉对慢性脑低灌注大鼠前脑组织SOD、MDA代谢变化及海马CA1区HIF-1α表达的影响,并探讨其意义。方法:实验分假手术组,模型组及依达拉奉组,后两组采用永久性大鼠双侧劲总动脉结扎术(2-vesselocclusion,2VO)制备慢性脑低灌注模型,各组在术后八周后行水迷宫试验后断头,取前脑组织制备成10%脑组织匀浆检测其SOD活性及MDA含量,并采用免疫组化技术观察海马CA1区HIF-1α表达变化。结果:模型组与假手术组相比水迷宫完成时间显著延长(P<0.05),前脑组织SOD活性降低,MDA含量增加(P<0.01),海马CA1区可见HIF-1α少量表达。依达拉奉组较模型组水迷宫结果显著改善(P<0.01),前脑组织SOD活性增加,MDA含量减少(P<0.01),且海马CA1区可见HIF-1α大量表达。结论:慢性脑低灌注可显著损害大鼠空间学习记忆能力,依达拉奉可能通过抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶和次黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,降低羟自由基的浓度,促进HIF-1α表达等多种途径改善血管性认知障。     

阿魏酸对戊四氮致癫痫大鼠海马组织中Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨阿魏酸(Ferulic acid,FA)对戊四氮致癫痫大鼠海马组织中Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响,近而讨论FA对戊四氮致癫痫鼠海马神经元的保护作用。方法将60只雄性健康的Wister大鼠随机分为生理盐水组、模型组(PTZ 35 mg/kg)和阿魏酸干预组(50 mg/kg),均采用腹腔注射的方式,连续注射28 d,停止给药1 d后处死实验大鼠、取材。应用免疫组织化学技术和Western blot方法来检测Bax和Bcl-2的表达情况,用来判断癫痫所导致的细胞凋亡情况。结果阿魏酸干预组大鼠的海马组织Bax的表达量明显低于模型组,差异有显著性(P0.01),Bcl-2的表达量高于模型组,差异有显著性(P0.01);生理盐水组大鼠的海马组织内Bax的表达量明显低于模型组,差异有显著性(P0.01),Bcl-2表达量明显高于模型组,差异有显著性(P0.01)。结论阿魏酸对戊四氮致癫痫大鼠海马神经元损伤具有保护作用,其保护作用机制可能与其抑制鼠脑细胞凋亡有关。     

慢性脑低灌注大鼠海马Arc低表达与其认知功能障碍的相关性研究

目的 探讨慢性脑低灌注大鼠海马活性调节的细胞骨架相关蛋白(activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein,Arc)的低表达与其认知功能障碍的相关性。方法 大鼠慢性脑低灌注模型使用持久性双颈总动脉结扎术(2-vessel occlusion,2-VO); 大鼠随机分成假手术组和2-VO组,每组各6只。术后第8周行Morris水迷宫评价其认知功能; 实时定量聚合酶链式反应(Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)及蛋白免疫印迹法检测大鼠海马Arc mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果(1)2-VO组大鼠第2～5 d的逃逸潜伏期比假手术组明显延长(P<0.01)及其在原平台区域游泳时间明显比假手术组短(P<0.01);(2)2-VO组大鼠海马Arc mRNA水平及免疫反应条带相对灰度值分别比假手术组明显降低(P均<0.01);(3)空间探索实验中2-VO大鼠在原平台区域游泳时间与海马Arc免疫反应条带相对灰度值呈正相关(r=0.7085,P<0.05)。结论 慢性脑低灌注大鼠的认知功能障碍可能与海马Arc的低表达相关。     

Decreased cerebral perfusion and oxidative stress result in acute and delayed cognitive impairment

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is common in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment, in which oxidative stress plays an important role. Here we describe an alternative rat model for CCH that involves two-stage, three-vessel occlusion (2s-3VO) and compare its effects with those of permanent bilateral occlusion (2VO) of the common carotid arteries. Real-time cerebral blood flow (CBF) during the surgery was monitored. Spatial learning and memory were tested with the Morris water maze, and oxidative damage was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both the hippocampus and cortex. We found that the CBF drop in the early stage of the 2s-3VO model was more modest than that in the 2VO model. Like 2VO rats, 2s-3VO rats showed impaired spatial learning and memory and increased MDA levels 8 weeks after surgery. Interestingly, when pooling observations from previous studies, we confirmed that oxidative damage appeared later than spatial learning and memory deficits but lasted longer than did cerebral hypoperfusion. Thus, the 2s-3VO model appears to be a suitable model for the study of CCH. Moreover, data support the notion that cognitive impairment in CCH rat models may be induced early by cerebral hypoperfusion early and in a later phase by oxidative stress.     

Preconditioning with sevoflurane ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficit after focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion in rats

Previous studies have demonstrated that sevoflurane could attenuate cerebral neuron necrosis and apoptosis in ischemia–reperfusion models in rats. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of preconditioning with sevoflurane on spatial learning and memory ability after focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats and its potential mechanisms. Focal cerebral ischemia was performed via 1 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. Before ischemia, rats were subjected to preconditioning with inhalation of 2.4% sevoflurane for 1 h. The spatial learning and memory ability of rats was measured by the Morris water maze. The activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in hippocampus CA1 region was observed by immunohistochemistry method. We found MCAO elicited a significant decrease of the ability of spatial learning and memory in contrast to the sham surgery controls. However, preconditioning with sevoflurane resulted in significantly ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficit induced by MCAO. Furthermore, the number of ChAT positive cells in hippocampus CA1 region in sevoflurane preconditioning group was striking more than that of ischemia–reperfusion group. All results suggested that preconditioning with 2.4% sevoflurane could ameliorate the ability of spatial learning and memory after focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion in rats via protecting the cholinergic neurons in hippocampal CA1 region.     

Effect of bilobalide B on cholinergic hippocampal neurons exposed to cholesterol and apoliprotein E4

BACKGROUND: Extracts of ginkgo biloba leaves have been reported to improve nerve function and activity in Alzheimer's disease, which is associated with reduced secretion of cholinergic neurotransmitter in hippocampal neurons.OBJECTIVE: To validate the protective effect of bilobalide B against in vitro injury of cholinergic neurons of the hippocampus induced by combined cholesterol and apoE4DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: This randomized, controlled animal experiment was performed in the Pathology Laboratory, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2003 to July 2006.MATERIALS: Neonatal Wistar rats, 1-day-old, both male and female, and mean body mass of 5g were selected for this study. Cholesterol and apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) were purchased from Sigma Company (USA), bilobalide B was purchased from Tianjin Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Factory, batch number 20050312.METHODS: Hippocampal neurons were divided into three groups; a normal control group (routinely added media), a model group (exposed to media containing 40mg/L cholesterol and 30mg/L apoE4 for 24 hours) and a bilobalide B group (exposed to media containing 160mg/L bilobalide B for 16 hours, and then with addition of 40mg/L cholesterol and 30mg/L apoE4 for an additional 24 hours).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Levels of acetylcholine (ACh) and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in hippocampal neurons were determined by microdosage hydroxylamine colorimetry, hydroxylamine colorimetry and radiological chemistry, respectively.RESULTS: The ACh level was significantly lower in the model group than that in the normal control group (P<0.01), while it was markedly higher in the bilobalide B group than in the model group (P<0.05). Activity of AChE was significantly decreased in the model group compared with the normal control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the model group and the bilobalide B group (P>0.05). Activity of ChAT was significantly lower in the model group than in the normal control group (P<0.01), while the activity was significantly higher in the bilobalide B group than in the model group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Bilobalide B can enhance the ACh level of hippocampal neurons damaged by combined cholesterol and apoE4, by promoting the synthesis, but not the degradation, of ACh.