Repair of alveolar cleft defects: reduced morbidity with bone marrow stem cells in a resorbable matrix

Harvest of the autogenous iliac crest bone graft for an alveolar cleft defect (the gold standard) may cause short- and long-term pain and sensory disturbances. To determine if a tissue engineering technique with similar bone healing results offered decreased morbidity, we compared techniques for postoperative donor site pain. Traditional iliac crest bone graft had more donor site complications compared with both tissue engineering and minimally invasive iliac crest bone graft. With donor site pain, traditional had the most patients with pain and tissue engineering had the least patients with pain at all time points. The mean pain score, including both intensity and pain frequency, was greatest at all time points in traditional and least at all time points in tissue engineering. Closure of alveolar cleft defects with a resorbable collagen sponge and bone marrow stem cells resulted in reduced donor site morbidity and decreased donor site pain intensity and frequency.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植促进大鼠下颌骨牵张成骨的实验研究

目的:探讨大鼠下颌骨牵张间隙内移植自体骨髓间充质干细胞,促进骨痂形成的可行性。方法:选用54只雄性SD大鼠,密度梯度离心法分离骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)。所有大鼠行右侧下颌骨牵张;并于术后随机分为试验和对照2组。牵张结束时,实验组牵张间隙内注射自体MSCs;而对照组只注射等量生理盐水。分别于固定期第2、4、8周分3批处死大鼠,进行放射学、组织学观察,并对骨组织形态计量学参数进行统计学分析(t检验)。结果:放射学和组织学观察表明,2组牵张间隙内均形成了骨痂组织,但实验组新生骨组织显著多于对照组。计量学分析也显示,各时间点实验组新生骨量(NBV1和NBV2)和新生骨小梁宽度(TNT)均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:牵张间隙内行自体骨髓MSCs移植,可有效促进新骨形成,缩短固定期;该方法对众多的颅颌面外科畸形的矫治极具价值。     

A comparative qualitative histological analysis of tissue-engineered bone using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, alveolar bone cells, and periosteal cells

For tissue-engineered bone formation, autogenous osteogenic cells are of paramount importance for successful bone formation. In order to investigate the donor cell-related differences in tissue-engineered bone, cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, cultured alveolar bone cells, and cultured periosteal cells were examined for their in vivo potential to form bone. These cells were isolated from dogs, expanded in vitro, mixed with autologous fibrin glue and BMP-2, and then injected into the subcutaneous space on the dorsum of nude mice. Bone formation was evaluated at 12 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that the subcutaneous nodules formed in nude mice contained 26.9% newly formed bone when using the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, 41.1% newly formed bone when using the alveolar bone cells, and 58.2% newly formed bone when using the periosteal cells. The results suggest that periosteal cells are the best choice for enhancing bone formation in tissue engineering of bone regeneration.     

FBLN-1在2型糖尿病患者牙槽骨骨髓间充质干细胞中的表达

目的 了解腓骨蛋白-1(FBLN-1)在2型糖尿病患者牙槽骨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)中的表达及其对骨髓间充质干细胞的生物学行为影响.方法 原代培养口腔种植患者的牙槽骨BMSCs,分为3组:种植成功的糖尿病患者(DM-S组)、种植失败的糖尿病患者(DM-F组)以及非糖尿病种植成功患者(Nor组).MTT法比较3组细...     

Predictors of complication for alveolar cleft bone graft

We have analysed the predictors of postoperative complications and the need for reoperation after grafting of the alveolar cleft from one specialised cleft centre. The data were obtained from hospital casenotes of patients operated on from December 2004 to April 2010, with a minimum one-year follow-up from the final operation. Independent variables included postoperative complications and the need for reoperation. Conditional variables were sex, age, type of cleft, sides affected, donor area, type of graft material, and the presence of an erupted tooth in contact with the cleft. A total of 71 patients had bone grafted on to the alveolar cleft. The following associations were found to be significant: postoperative complications and need for reoperation (p = 0.003); age and complications (p = 0.002); affected side and complications (p = 0.006); age and reoperation (p = 0.000); sex and reoperation (p = 0.001); and type of cleft and reoperation (p = 0.001). Proper attention should be given to all the variables and risk factors to overcome the many obstacles that might have an adverse influence on a successful outcome of alveolar bone grafting for patients with clefts.     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植对小型猪下颌骨放射性骨坏死的预防作用

目的：观察和分析自体骨髓间充质干细胞（ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMMSCs）静脉输注移植是否对小型猪下颌骨放射性骨坏死（ osteoradionecrosis,ORN）有预防作用。方法照射前1个月分离培养扩增BMMSCs,在照射后不同时点实验组进行自体BMMSCs静脉输注移植,对照组静脉输注同体积不含细胞的细胞培养液。照射2个月后拔除左侧下颌第一恒磨牙,通过肉眼、CT以及组织病理学观察小型猪动物模型下颌骨是否发生ORN。结果照射2个月拔牙创伤后,两组动物均出现了组织水肿、皮肤溃烂、骨质破坏等。5个月后实验组动物皮肤愈合,随后CT显示破坏骨质修复,组织病理学显示为接近正常的骨组织,而对照组动物下颌骨仍呈典型ORN表现。结论自体BMMSCs移植对下颌骨ORN有一定的预防作用,其预防机制尚有待进一步研究。     

The effect of autologous mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow origin on regeneration of damaged rat bottom jaw bone

The regeneration processes after introduction in site of damaged bone of rat bottom jaw of autologous mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow origin (AMSCBMO) in suspension were studied by methods of light microscopy and x-ray densitometry. Morphological methods showed that formation of red bone marrow in bone callosity occurs much earlier after use AMSCBMO than in the time of natural course of reparation. Formation of cavities with a marrow decreases tissue density after application AMSCBMO in a site of damage in 4 and 5 weeks of supervision. The specified changes progress during all time of observation and are the certificate of accelerated development of regenerative processes in bone tissue.     

Correction to: Treatment of stage II medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw with necrosectomy and autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Odontology - In the Original publication of the article, the co-author has been misspelled as Fabian Duttenhöfer in the article “Treatment of stage II medication-related osteonecrosis of...     

组织工程骨修复9例颅骨缺损畸形初步报道

目的：探讨利用自体骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）作为种子细胞的组织工程骨修复外伤后颅骨缺损畸形的可行性。方法：运用自体BMSC组织工程骨技术,对9例外伤术后颅骨缺损患者行颅骨修复手术。抽取患者自体骨髓,密度梯度离心法分离BMSC,经体外扩增和成骨诱导后,接种部分脱钙骨支架材料,构建组织工程骨。细胞材料复合物体外共培养1周后,手术植入颅骨缺损区。分别于术后1周和3、6、12个月进行临床外形和三维CT检查,随访治疗效果。结果：术后1周三维CT显示,颅骨缺损区被所植入的组织工程骨填充,头颅外形明显改善。术后3至12个月CT显示,组织工程骨形成并修复颅骨缺损,新生骨与骨缺损断端融合。9例患者中2例术后失访,2例高龄患者及大面积骨缺损患者发生不同程度的组织工程骨吸收现象,其余均良好地修复了颅骨缺损。结论：通过选择适宜的病例,以自体BMSC作为种子细胞,运用组织工程技术可以在人体内形成稳定的组织工程化骨并修复颅骨缺损。     

骨髓间充质干细胞向成纤维细胞分化的研究进展

骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)由于能向骨、软骨、脂肪等多个细胞系分化并且分离方便,所以在组织工程及再生医学中有广泛的应用.在特定的微环境刺激下,BMSCs可以向多种细胞系分化,但是其向成纤维细胞分化的研究较少.BMSCs源性成纤维细胞与肿瘤、纤维化等疾病的发生有密切关系.该文就BMSCs的分离、分化条件及相关疾病作一综...     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的体外培养与鉴定

目的:探讨大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)的体外培养方法及其生物学特性。方法:体外分离、培养大鼠BMSCs,进行细胞形态学观察、生长曲线测定、细胞表面标记物检测;并采用体外诱导分化方法对BMSCs多向分化潜能进行鉴定。结果:大鼠BMSCs传代后细胞生长状态相对稳定,呈梭形;流式细胞仪鉴定CD90阳性率为88.2%,CD29阳性率为98%,CD34阴性率为2.8%,CD45阴性率为2.7%。成骨诱导21 d后,茜素红染色后可在显微镜下观察到矿化结节形成。成脂诱导14 d,油红O染色后显微镜下可见红色脂滴形成。结论:BMSCs在体外培养中贴壁生长,增殖较快;表达骨髓组织来源干细胞的表面标记物CD29、CD90;诱导后能向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞分化。     

牙槽突裂植骨术后的植骨效果评价

目的通过牙CT的扫描及Matlab7.0软件的应用,评价牙槽突裂植骨术后的骨缺损区的体积变化。方法选取11名单侧完全性牙槽突裂患者,应用牙CT扫描及Matlab7.0软件计算植骨前和植骨后3个月的牙槽突裂空隙体积和所植入骨的体积,并计算术前后体积比值。结果植骨术后骨桥的体积与植骨前牙槽突裂隙的体积比值,最大值可达114.99%,最小值仅有13.36%,平均数为71.80%,变异系数为47.987。结论植骨后存活的骨桥体积变化较大。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞与脂肪间充质干细胞生物学特性的比较

目的:本研究旨在比较同一个体来源的脂肪间充质干细胞(Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells,ADSCs)和骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)的生长特点和诱导分化能力。方法:取7～10 d SD大鼠的脂肪和骨髓,体外分离、纯化脂肪和骨髓来源间充质干细胞,分别从细胞形态、生长动力学、表面标志、分化潜能等方面进行鉴定和比较。结果:脂肪间充质干细胞的增殖速度明显大于骨髓间充质干细胞(P<0.05),两种细胞所表达的表面蛋白标志物基本相似,但脂肪间充质干细胞表面蛋白标志CD106呈阴性,而骨髓间充质干细胞CD106呈阳性。在成软骨分化中脂肪间充质干细胞弱表达Ⅱ型胶原,而骨髓间充质干细胞不表达。第5、10、15、20代ADSCs及BMSCs经成骨诱导后茜素红染色均呈阳性且有"矿化"结节形成,碱性磷酸酶活性以第5代最强,随着细胞代次的递增,碱性磷酸酶活性呈递减趋势。结论:ADSCs较BMSCs更易于分离培养及体外扩增,诱导条件下成骨、成脂、成软骨能力较强,适合作为再生医学的种子细胞。     

骨髓间充质干细胞与PLGA体外附着的实验研究

目的:研究骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)在可降解骨基质材料聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA)上的黏附、增殖和分化能力,为进一步体内回植提供研究基础。方法:等比混合聚乳酸(PLA)和聚乙醇酸(PGA) ,有机溶剂注模法制备PLGA。体外培养BMSCs ,复合PLGA ,通过扫描电镜观察BMSCs在PLGA上的黏附、增殖,以及在成骨诱导情况下细胞形态的变化。结果:合成的PLGA呈多孔状,孔隙率为85 % ,孔径为10 0～40 0 μm。BMSCs可在PL GA上黏附、增殖、分泌胞外基质,并可在成骨诱导剂的作用下分化为多角形的成骨样细胞。复合后14d ,BMSCs和胞外基质已将基质材料颗粒完全覆盖。结论:BMSCs能在PLGA上粘附、增殖,PLGA可作为BMSCs的载体和骨组织工程的支架材料。     

体外培养骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化的影响因素研究

探讨影响骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化的因素。在骨组织工程中，骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨细胞分化率影响着骨量的形成。本文从诱导条件、细胞密度、支架材料、培养环境等方而综述了影响旗向成骨细胞分化的诸多因素，以期为获得更大量的组织工程化骨提供参考依据。