Non-vascularised iliac crest bone graft for immediate reconstruction of lateral mandibular defect

Introduction

Mandibular defect reconstruction is extremely important to achieving an improved quality of life of patients as this bony defect influences facial harmony and aesthetics. Reconstruction of mandibular defects at our centre comprises use of reconstruction plate, non-vascularised anterior iliac crest graft and vascularised fibula flap. Despite the large mandibular defect recorded in our developing environment, non-vascularised iliac crest graft continues to play a role in its exclusive use for lateral mandibular defects. The aim of this study was to analyse the role, complications and outcomes of the use of non-vascularised iliac crest graft for mandibular reconstruction in a free flap-enabled centre.

Patients and method

This was a retrospective case cohort from study institution’s records of mandibular reconstruction following mandibular surgery for benign tumours. Eligibility for study inclusion comprised case cohort with head and neck diseases requiring mandibular surgery and reconstruction with either reconstruction plate, non-vascularised iliac crest graft or vascularised fibula flap.

Results

A total of 18 subjects underwent iliac crest grafting. Of the 18 subjects with iliac crest graft, 7 (39 %) were females while 11 (61 %) were males. Ten of the 18 subjects with iliac crest grafting were diagnosed with ameloblastomas. Six (33.3 %) subjects had class H (Jewer’s classification) mandibular defect. The average graft length was 5.4 cm and height was 2.3 cm. Three cases experienced graft site complications of which two grafts were lost. All 18 cases experienced good to acceptable clinical outcomes. Predictors of graft outcome were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Despite our small sample size, it is suggestible that non-vascularised iliac crest graft be considered for lateral mandibular defect reconstruction, considering the reduced graft failure rate and satisfactory clinical outcomes from this study.

     

Rigid reconstruction plates for immediate reconstruction following mandibular resection for malignant tumors.

Thirty-four primary alloplastic reconstructions of segmental mandibular defects caused by surgery for oral malignancy were performed during a 6-year period. Eighty-eight percent of the tumors were classified as stage III or IV. One third of the patients died during follow-up, nine with their primary reconstruction plate in place. During the follow-up, 12 patients required plate removal because of complications; four of them were treated with another plate. Nineteen of 21 patients alive at the end of follow-up were free of disease. Ten had their primary plate in place, and four had had a secondary plate installed because of plate fracture or screw loosening. Three patients had their mandible permanently reconstructed with bone. The functional and esthetic results were considered excellent or fair in a majority of the cases. Because the 5-year survival rate for patients with advanced mandibular malignancies is 15% to 20%, extensive, definitive reconstructive procedures during primary surgery are usually not justified.     

Prospective study of soft tissue contour changes following chin bone graft harvesting

This study sought to evaluate changes in the soft tissue contour after chin bone graft harvesting. Thirty selected patients underwent chin bone graft harvesting and evaluations were made using lateral cephalograms preoperatively and postoperatively at 30 and 180 days. Fixed points and lines were established on cephalometric tracings and used to measure the selected vertical and sagittal parameters. Results showed statistically significant alterations to the vertical position values of the vermilion (V-VPV) which increased from 9.70 to 11.01 and the exposure of lower incisors (V-ELI) which increased from 1.85 to 3.5, showing an increase in their distance from the plane of reference and a lowering of their position, the clinical equivalent of a labial ptosis condition. None of the sagittal parameters analysed showed any statistically significant variation in the final evaluation. The study concluded that the alterations to patients' soft tissue contours resulted mainly from failure to ensure precise reattachment of the mentalis muscles and identified the need for further investigation of that aspect.     

钛板修复下颌骨缺损的远期失败因素分析

目的 分析肿瘤术后下颌骨缺损钛板修复的远期失败因素。方法 收集１９９０～１９９７年北京医科大学口腔医学院行口腔颌面肿瘤术后钛板即刻修复者９７例,术后揽查 （复查率７０。１％）。结果 重建修复术后１～２年是并发症高发期,主要表现为固位钉周围骨炎性吸收、螺钉松动、接骨板断裂和皮肤粘膜褥疮性溃疡。结论 放因循环障碍和不适当的应力是造成此并发症的两个重要因素。     

Use of the buccal fat pad as a pedicled graft

The development, anatomy, and blood supply of the buccal fat pad are discussed, and the results in a series of patients treated with uncovered buccal fat pad grafts are presented.     

Maxillofacial rehabilitation of a large facial defect resulting from an arteriovenous malformation utilizing a two-piece prosthesis

Large facial defects involving the oral cavity can be difficult to restore prosthetically because of a lack of anatomic undercuts, limited means of retention, mobility of soft tissue margins, and the weight of the prosthesis. Use of skin adhesives may be precluded because of the presence of persistent moisture and saliva. The maxillofacial rehabilitation, including the design and fabrication of a 2-piece silicone prosthesis retained by the teeth, of a patient with a large facial defect as a result of treatment for an arteriovenous malformation is described. The pathogenesis and therapeutic alternatives for arteriovenous malformations is also discussed.     

异体脱细胞真皮基质修复犬即刻种植软组织创口的实验研究

目的：评价异体脱细胞真皮基质（ADM）修复犬即刻种植软组织创面的效果。方法：选取成年杂种犬6只,全麻后拔除双侧下颌第四前磨牙,立即植入12枚BLB种植体。应用ADM修复即刻种植后软组织缺损创面。术后3个月行二期手术,2周后行烤瓷冠修复并功能负荷1个月。术后观察种植体骨结合、ADM修复创面的愈合情况,并制作种植体-牙槽骨-牙龈切磨片进行组织学观察。结果：术后所有创面完全封闭愈合,种植体周围软组织解剖形态无明显改变;种植体颈部软组织形成了类似天然牙结合上皮的形态。结论：ADM取材广泛,具有良好的即刻种植创面封闭作用,且能增加软组织量,修复美学效果好;种植体周围软组织能形成类似天然牙的结合上皮。     

异体脱细胞真皮基质修复犬即刻种植软组织创口的实验研究

目的：评价异体脱细胞真皮基质（ADM）修复犬即刻种植软组织创面的效果。方法：选取成年杂种犬6只,全麻后拔除双侧下颌第四前磨牙,立即植入12枚BLB种植体。应用ADM修复即刻种植后软组织缺损创面。术后3个月行二期手术,2周后行烤瓷冠修复并功能负荷1个月。术后观察种植体骨结合、ADM修复创面的愈合情况,并制作种植体-牙槽骨-牙龈切磨片进行组织学观察。结果：术后所有创面完全封闭愈合,种植体周围软组织解剖形态无明显改变;种植体颈部软组织形成了类似天然牙结合上皮的形态。结论：ADM取材广泛,具有良好的即刻种植创面封闭作用,且能增加软组织量,修复美学效果好;种植体周围软组织能形成类似天然牙的结合上皮。     

Use of a porcine dermal collagen graft (Permacol) in parotid surgery

Our aim was to present the results of the use of porcine dermal collagen graft (Permacol) in the prevention of Frey's syndrome and face-contouring aesthetic deformities after operations on the parotid. We treated 19 patients with parotid tumours. After resection, a Permacol sheet was applied to the perimeter of the tissue deficit so that it was fully covered, and was sutured firmly. This technique produced satisfactory aesthetic results with good facial contouring in all patients. It also protected the exposed parotid nerve plexus, and none of the patients developed Frey's syndrome. Permacol produced good results in both postoperative facial contouring and prevention of Frey's syndrome.     

脱细胞真皮基质结合表皮细胞悬液移植修复组织缺损

目的探索一种修复组织缺损创面的方法。方法选46只成年Wistar大鼠为实验对象，实验组移植表皮细胞悬液，对照组用磷酸盐缓冲液代替移植物，将实验制备的异体脱细胞真皮基质移植到大鼠背部全层皮肤缺损创面，待其血管化后，在其上面移植自体表皮细胞悬液，定期观察表皮的形成，取标本行组织学检查，并行Ⅳ型胶原免疫组化染色以观察基底膜的重建。结果血管化的脱细胞真皮基质支持表皮细胞的增殖分化，能促进表皮-真皮连接的形成；表皮细胞移植后，在人为的体内培养环境中能够发育成完整的表皮；创面修复后的皮肤在组织学及外观上与脱毛后的正常皮肤近似，而且耐摩擦，有一定弹性，较接近正常皮肤。结论血管化异体脱细胞真皮基质结合自体表皮细胞悬液移植可用于修复组织缺损创面。     

应用脱细胞真皮基质修复口腔黏膜缺损22例报道

目的：评价脱细胞异体真皮基质组织补片用于口腔黏膜缺损修复的临床效果。方法：对22例因肿瘤手术、外伤、瘢痕、不良增生物切除术及修复前外科等原因引起的口腔黏膜的缺损,应用脱细胞异体真皮基质口腔组织补片进行修复。缺损部位主要为软硬腭、舌、口底、颊部、牙龈、前庭沟等。使用的口腔组织补片面积为1cm×1cm～4cm×6cm。术后随访1周～6个月。结果：共修复22例口腔黏膜缺损,其中2例患者2周后失访。随访的20例病例中,成活18例,脱落2例。术后补片收缩发生在2～4周。2个月后补片较稳定,未发生进一步挛缩。结论：脱细胞真皮基质作为一种黏膜缺损替代品,应用于口腔内各种原因引起的黏膜缺损修复,效果满意。     

The use of stabilization plates in the immediate repair of defects following mandibular resection

The results of immediate stabilization for surgical defects of the mandible in 18 patients are presented. Fourteen patients with malignant lesions underwent immediate stabilization without bone grafting, but with associated myocutaneous flap soft tissue reconstruction. Four patients with benign lesions were treated with immediate stabilization and bone graft reconstruction, but without myocutaneous flap soft tissue reconstruction. Results at from 4 to 34 months reveal two bone plates lost to massive intraoral exposure. The remaining plates remain in place with excellent functional and cosmetic results.