人源Fab噬菌体抗体库的构建与抗精氨酸加压素抗体的筛选

目的:构建人源天然Fab噬菌体抗体库,筛选抗精氨酸加压素特异性抗体并进行初步鉴定。方法:从18位健康成人的外周血淋巴细胞,提取总RNA。利用RT-PCR扩增人Fab抗体基因片段,将其克隆至噬菌粒载体pComb3XSS内,构建人源天然Fab噬菌体抗体库。以固相化的精氨酸加压素为靶抗原对抗体库进行五轮筛选后,随机挑取50个单克隆进行phage-ELISA检测,阳性克隆行DNA测序分析。结果:成功构建库容为2.4×108的噬菌体抗体库,从中筛选到6株阳性克隆能够与精氨酸加压素特异性结合,其中阳性值最高的C4克隆行DNA测序分析证实其重链属IgG亚类,轻链为λ链。结论:构建大容量人源天然Fab抗体库,从中获得了特异性抗精氨酸加压素人源Fab抗体片段,有望为临床上精氨酸加压素的快速检测技术的建立奠定基础。     

人源性Fab段噬菌体抗体库的构建及抗人β1-AR抗体克隆的筛选

目的构建人源性Fab段噬菌体抗体库并筛选抗人β1-AR抗体克隆.方法通过RT-PCR从抗人β1-AR抗体阳性的扩张性心肌病(DCM)患者的外周血淋巴细胞中扩增出人IgG重链Fd段和κ、λ两轻链基因片段,将其克隆入噬粒pComb3中,构建人源性Fab段噬菌体抗体库,并利用噬菌体表面显示技术,以人β1肾上腺素受体细胞外第二环26肽(β1-ARECⅡ)为抗原肽,对此抗体库进行淘筛富集.结果成功地构建了库容量为1.4×106的人源性Fab段噬菌体抗体库,从此抗体库中筛选到了特异性抗人β1-AR Fab段噬菌体抗体阳性克隆.结论利用噬菌体抗体库技术可以获得表达抗人β1-AR抗体的重组克隆.     

大容量人源Fab噬菌体展示抗体库的构建及抗CD276抗体筛选

目的构建大容量人源Fab噬菌体库,筛选并鉴定抗CD276的特异性抗体。方法通过采集10位健康成人的外周血淋巴细胞,提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR扩增人Fab抗体基因片段,插入噬菌体载体pCANTAB5H中,构建人源Fab噬菌体抗体库。通过固相化的抗原对抗体库进行3轮筛选后,随机挑取96个单克隆进行phage-ELISA鉴定,筛选出与抗原具有较强结合性的噬菌体克隆。结果成功构建库容为5×1010的噬菌体抗体库,从中筛选到11株阳性克隆,对其进行测序鉴定,表明该11株克隆的序列均一致,ELISA证实其对抗原CD276具有较强的结合性。结论构建了大容量人源Fab抗体库,从中获得具有抗CD276的人源Fab抗体片段,为进一步的研究和应用提供实验基础。     

抗SARS-CoV抗原的人源Fab段噬菌体抗体库的构建

目的 :利用抗SARS冠状病毒IgG抗体阳性的SARS康复患者外周血淋巴细胞 ,构建人源Fab段抗体文库。方法 :制备外周血淋巴细胞总RNA ,逆转录成cDNA。以其为模板 ,利用针对家族特异性Ig基因的引物扩增重链Fd段和轻链基因 ,并重组到噬菌粒载体pComb3中 ,将重组噬菌粒载体电转化大肠杆菌XL 1Blue,酶切鉴定抗体库的重组率 ,并测定噬菌体抗体库的库容量。结果 :构建了源于SARS康复患者血清中抗Fab段的抗体文库 ,轻链、重链Fd段基因的重组率分别为91%和 75 % ,库容量为 7.2 3× 10 7。结论 :成功地构建了抗SARS CoV抗原的人源Fab段噬菌体抗体库     

人源Fab抗体库的构建和抗hPRLR抗体的筛选鉴定

目的构建人源Fab噬菌体抗体库,筛选抗hPRLR抗体片段并进行初步鉴定。方法从乳腺癌患者外周血提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增人抗体轻链和重链基因,构建抗hPRLR人源Fab抗体库。分别以His-hPRLR融合蛋白、BSA-hPRLR表位多肽融合蛋白和GST-hPRLR融合蛋白作为抗原包板,经过3轮循环的吸附-洗脱-扩增的筛选及1轮交叉筛选,挑单克隆用Phage-ELISA、DNA测序筛选阳性克隆,将筛选到的阳性克隆FabG2转化至Top10’受体菌,诱导表达可溶性Fab抗体,通过Western blot和ELISA进行特异性的鉴定。结果构建的人源Fab库容为1.0×109,4轮的筛选,获得6株能与hPRLR结合的人源抗体克隆。选取的FabG2能够进行可溶性Fab抗体蛋白的表达,ELISA初步鉴定,能够与hPRLR进行特异性地结合。结论成功构建了人源Fab噬菌体抗体库,筛选并鉴定了1株抗hPRLR Fab抗体的克隆。hPRLR特异性Fab抗体的获得将为高表达hPRLR乳腺癌的生物免疫治疗奠定了基础。     

抗人巨细胞病毒中和性人源基因工程抗体的研究

目的 研究抗人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)人源基因工程抗体。方法 采用噬菌体表面展示技术。首先从HCMV感染者外周血中分离淋巴细胞，提取RNA，逆转录后用特异性引物扩增轻、重链基因。然后插入噬菌体载体pComb3，构建噬菌体抗体库。使用纯化的HCMV病毒裂解物对噬菌体抗体库进行4轮富集，然后通过ELISA筛选阳性克隆，并对获得的克隆进行功能鉴定。结果 克隆和表达了3株抗HCMV人源Fab抗体，经ELISA证明均具有抗原结合活性，间接免疫荧光试验证明具有较高的特异性，最后通过病毒中和试验证明其中2株具有中和活性。结论 获得2株抗HCMV人源Fab抗体，具有一定的中和活性，为下一步研究抗HCMV人源全抗体奠定了基础。     

人源性抗汉坦病毒抗体VH基因噬菌体表面展示文库的构建与筛选

目的 构建人抗汉坦病毒（HV）抗体重链可变区（VH）基因噬菌体表面展示文库,筛选人源性抗HV单克隆抗体（mAb）。方法 从HV吸附筛选的特异性人外周血B淋巴细胞中,用RT－PCR扩增VH基因,与噬菌粒pHEN1连接,构建VH基因噬菌体表面展示文库。经3轮吸附－洗脱－扩增的亲和筛选后,用ELISA鉴定抗HV噬菌体抗体的活性。结果 HV吸附筛选的特异性人外周血B淋巴细胞中,成功扩增出VH基因,并构建了VH基因噬菌体表面展示文库。经3轮亲和筛选,获得24个具有与HV结合活性的重组噬菌粒克隆。对其中一个克隆的VH基因（VH－D10）的序列分析表明,该基因的全长为363bp,编码121个氨基酸,与EMBL和GenBank中所有已知免疫球蛋白（Ig）基因进行同源性比较,其同源序列均人为IgVH原因。结论 成功地构建了人抗HV抗体VH基因噬菌体表面展示文库,并筛选到有HV结合活性的重组噬菌体克隆,为制备人源性抗HVmAb奠定了基础。     

Rh抗原Fab抗体库的构建与筛选

目的:构建抗体库并筛选Rh抗原的Fab抗体.方法:收集5份血清中抗Rh抗体效价在1:256～512的人淋巴细胞, 提取RNA, 用多对引物PCR扩增VH、 Vκ、 Vλ基因, 并分别从pComb3xTT和pComb3xλ噬粒中扩增CH1、 Cκ、 Cλ, 通过重叠PCR, 构建重链Fd基因及完整的kappa、 Lamda轻链, 并进一步重叠PCR, 获得Fab抗体片段.Fab经酶切、连接并电转化到噬菌体抗体表达载体pComb3xSS中, 构建获得抗Rh的Fab抗体库, 经4轮Rh(-)/ Rh(+)红细胞阴/阳淘筛, 获得的阳性克隆分别进行血凝试验、 Western blot分析及测序鉴定.结果:构建获得总库容为7.4×106的Fab抗体库, 并从中筛选得到1株能特异结合Rh抗原的Fab抗体.结论:应用基因工程抗体技术, 成功获得了1株能与Rh(+)红细胞特异凝集的Fab抗体, 为制备能用于临床的特异性强、效价高, 并具有自主知识产权的Rh抗体打下基础.     

人源性抗血小板膜糖蛋白IIb/IIIa Fab噬菌体抗体库的构建

目的:构建人源性Fab噬菌体抗体库,为进一步从抗体库中筛选人源性抗GPIIb/IIIaFab抗体奠定基础。方法:利用RT-PCR和噬菌体表面展示技术,直接从血小板膜糖蛋白抗体(抗-GPIIb/IIIa)阳性的特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者脾细胞中提取总RNA,逆转录合成cDNA,扩增抗体轻链和重链Fd基因。经SacI/XbaI和XhoI/SpeI双酶切,依次将PCR产物插入噬粒载体pComb3H相应位点,电转化大肠杆菌XL1-blue,以辅助噬菌体VCSM13进行超感染,构建成人源性Fab噬菌体抗体库。结果:成功地构建库容量达6.2×106的抗血小板膜糖蛋白GPIIb/IIIaFab噬菌体抗体库。结论:构建了人源性Fab抗体库,并达到建库标准,可进一步从中筛选人源性Fab抗体。     

人源性抗HER2胞外段Fab噬菌体抗体库的构建及筛选

目的:构建全人源抗HER2胞外段(HER2 ECD)噬菌体Fab抗体库,从中筛选出特异性的抗体,并对其进行鉴定。方法:体外致敏并用EB病毒(EBV)转化HER2高表达乳腺癌患者的外周血单核细胞(PBMC),用PCR分别扩增重链Fd和轻链κ/λ基因。经SacI/XbaI和XhoI/SpeI双酶切,依次克隆入噬菌体载体pComb3中,并电转化大肠杆菌XL1-Blue,以辅助噬菌体VCSM13进行超感染,构建抗HER2 ECD人源化Fab噬菌体抗体库。以纯化HER2 ECD蛋白为抗原进行3轮固相淘选,富集抗HER2 ECD的抗体,并随机挑选克隆进行ELISA,获得的阳性克隆进一步以Western blot鉴定其抗原结合活性,对其中活性最高的克隆进行DNA测序。结果:构建了容量为2.5×107的抗HER2 ECD的Fab噬菌体抗体库,并筛选获得了4株与HE2 ECD特异性结合的阳性克隆,Western blot分析显示其与HER2 ECD能较好的结合。选取结合活性最高的阳性克隆进行DNA序列分析,结果显示其重链可变区、轻链可变区分别与人胚系免疫球蛋白基因有高度的同源性。结论:成功构建了全人源抗HER2 ECD噬菌体抗体库,并筛选出抗HER2 ECD特异性较强的噬菌体克隆,为获得新的有临床应用价值的HER2 ECD抗体提供了实验基础。     

Interaction of satellite phage P4 with phage 186 helper

Satellite phage P4 can utilize a derepressed 186 prophage as a helper for lytic growth. P4 requires all the 186 head, tail, and lysis genes, but none of the known 186 early genes. The P4 transactivation gene can replace the 186 B gene as a positive regulator of late gene expression. The ogr gene of P2 helper phage is the functional equivalent of the 186 B gene. A repressed 186 prophage does not support P4 growth, and thus P4 does not form plaques on a 186-lysogenic strain. Although P4 is able to derepress a P2 prophage helper (E. W. Six and B. H. Lindquist, 1978, Virology87, 217–230), it is unable to derepress a 186 prophage. Thus some repressible helper function may be required for P4 growth. Alternatively, 186 prophage may produce a P4 inhibitor.     

Characterization of phage peptide interaction with antibody using phage mediated immuno-PCR

Real-time immuno-PCR (RT-IPCR) is a powerful technique that combines ELISA with the specificity and sensitivity of PCR. RT-IPCR of phage-displayed peptides exploits the unique physical associations between phenotype (the displayed peptide) and genotype (the encoding DNA) within the same phage particle. Previously, we identified phage peptides specific for recombinant antibodies (rAbs) prepared from clonally expanded plasma cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) brain. Herein, we applied phage-mediated RT-IPCR to study reactivity of these specific phage peptides for the rAbs. Compared to standard ELISA, which required greater than 10(4) or 10(5) phage particles to detect binding to rAbs, RT-IPCR detected binding with as few as 100 phage particles. RT-IPCR was also superior to ELISA in determining relative affinities of rAbs for phage peptides and was effective in screening MS CSF for IgG reactivity to phage peptides. Phage-mediated RT-IPCR is a rapid, high-throughput technology that avoids the requirement for synthetic peptides and will facilitate the identification of candidate peptides that react with the IgG in MS CSF.     

Salmonella phage glycanases: substrate specificity of the phage P22 endo-rhamnosidase.

Interaction between phage P22 and phenol-water extracted lipopolysaccharides from sensitive Salmonella bacteria belonging to serogroups A, B and Di results in hydrolysis of the alpha-L-rhamnosyl linkages within the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigenic polysaccharide chain. These O-antigens have identical structures except for the nature of the 3,6-dideoxy-hexosyl group linked to O-3 of the D-mannosyl residue. Removal of the dideoxysugar, or periodate oxidation followed by borohydride reduction of the L-rhamnosyl residue made the O chain resistant to the endo-rhamnosidase. Substitution of the D-galactosyl residue at O-4, but not at O-6, with an alpha-D-glucosyl group was compatible with hydrolysis. A number of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella flexneri lipo- or capsular polysaccharides containing chain L-rhamnosyl residues were tested but none was sensitive to the P22 endo-rhamnosidase. The substrate specificity of the endo-rhamnosidase parallels the lytic specificity of the phage which suggests that the initial step in phage P22 infection is a P22 tail enzyme O-antigen substrate interaction. The main product of the hydrolysate was octa-, dodeca- and hexadecasaccharides. Treatment of phage FO resistant smooth strains of S. typhimurium with P22 tails removed O polysaccharide chains and made previously 'hidden' FO receptors accessible to the phage.     

The dawn of phage therapy

Bacteriophages or phages, being the most abundant entities on earth, represent a potential solution to a diverse range of problems. Phages are successful antibacterial agents whose use in therapeutics was hindered by the discovery of antibiotics. Eventually, because of the development and spread of antibiotic resistance among most bacterial species, interest in phage as therapeutic entities has returned, because their noninfectious nature to humans should make them safe for human nanomedicine. This review highlights the most recent advances and progress in phage therapy and bacterial hosts against which phage research is currently being conducted with respect to food, human, and marine pathogens. Bacterial immunity against phages and tactics of phage revenge to defeat bacterial defense systems are also summarized. We have also discussed approved phage‐based products (whole phage‐based products and phage proteins) and shed light on their influence on the eukaryotic host with respect to host safety and induction of immune response against phage preparations. Moreover, creation of phages with desirable qualities and their uses in cancer treatment, vaccine production, and other therapies are also reviewed to bring together evidence from the scientific literature about the potentials and possible utility of phage and phage encoded proteins in the field of therapeutics and industrial biotechnology.     

Frequency of morphological phage descriptions

Bacteriophages are listed by morphotypes and host genera. At least 4.007 phages, belonging to 13 virus families, have been described since 1960. About 3,850 phages (96%) are tailed and 154 phages (4%) are cubic, filamentous, or pleomorphic. Siphoviridae or phages with long noncontractile tails constitute 60% of tailed phages. Phages are found in over 100 bacterial genera including archaebacteria and rickettsiae. Their distribution is very uneven and probably reflects the evolutionary history of bacteria.     

Salmonella phage PSP3, another member of the P2-like phage group

Freshly isolated DNA of phage PSP3, whose morphology closely resembles that of phage P2, contained both circular and linear molecules about 31 kb in length. Linear PSP3 DNA molecules possess single-stranded cohesive termini (cos). Sequencing of the fragment anticipated to contain cos revealed a 19-base sequence identical to cos of phage 186. Of the 107 bp to the right of cos, 94 were identical in 186 DNA (88% similarity), and of the 370 bp to the left, 229 were identical (62% similarity). Cos flanking sequences in both P2 and P4 were also highly conserved in PSP3. A number of restriction sites were at similar locations on the two phage DNAs. The parasitic phage P4 propagated on PSP3 lysogens. PSP3 integrates into the Escherichia coli chromosome at 27 min.