原发性痛风危险因素的研究

 目的 探讨原发性痛风的危险因素。方法 病例-对照研究1996年1月～2000年1月专科门诊132名新患者,资料处理采用条件Logistic回归分析。结果 原发痛风的独立危险因素：职业、外向性格、饮酒、高嘌呤膳食、高血压及家族史、冠心病及家族史、目前收缩压和舒张压、体质指数(BMI)、尿酸清除分数、急性痛风关节炎发作部位的外伤史、痛风家族史、甘油脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL)的升高及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇2(HDL2C)的降低。结论 国人对于原发痛风的危险因素应早期预防。     

原发性痛风临床特点及危险因素分析

 目的 了解原发性痛风的临床特点,分析与其相关的高危因素,为临床诊断以及预防痛风提供参考.方法 回顾性分析195例初诊的原发性痛风患者的一般情况、生活方式、临床资料,以及实验室检查结果,并对原发性痛风发生的危险因素进行分析.结果 195例中,男性占97.4％ (190/195),发病高峰在40～60岁(54.9％,107/195).最常见的首发部位为第一跖趾关节,占86.2％ (168/195).单因素Logistic同归分析显示:(1)原发性痛风的发生与高嘌呤饮食相关,与吸烟、饮酒无关,若患者生活中既饮酒又吸烟,痛风发生的危险性将明显增高;(2)高体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、高血压、高血压家族史、冠心病家族史为原发性痛风的高危因素;(3)血脂组中:除载脂蛋白A(Apo -A)外,其余指标均与原发性痛风相关.三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白B(Apo -B)浓度的升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL - C)浓度的降低为痛风发病的高危因素.血清尿酸清除分数( FEuA)降低是痛风发生的独立危险因素.结论 中老年男性原发性痛风的发病率较高,原发性痛风的危险因素包括:高嘌呤饮食,饮酒合并吸烟,高BMI、高血压、高血压家族史、冠心病家族史,高血脂等.中国人存在多种原发痛风的危险因素,应早期预防.     

原发痛风的家系一级亲属血清胰岛素水平及β细胞功能的研究

 目的 研究原发痛风的家系一级亲属血清胰岛素水平及β细胞功能.方法 23个原发痛风患者的核心家庭成员42人,正常人41例口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)后2 h血糖(2 Hpg)、胰岛素(2 hIns)及胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、血尿酸(UA)的测定.空腹、餐后2 h血糖、胰岛素并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),进行对照分析.结果 原发痛风一级亲属组血尿酸、胆固醇、三酰甘油水平明显高有于对照组;胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数明显高于对照组,且差别有统计学意义.结论 原发痛风患者一级亲属中存在高胰岛素血症.     

原发痛风对血脂、纤溶活性和凝血的影响

 目的 探讨原发痛风对血脂、凝血和纤溶活性的影响。方法1996年1月～2000年12月原发痛风患者133人,与健康者(正常对照)135人做病例对照研究,比较血脂、凝血和纤溶活性指标的变化,血脂引入条件Logistic回归分析。结果病例与对照两组均数比较,TG、LDL、VLDL、apo-B、Lp(a)病例组明显高于对照(P＜0.01);HDL-C、HDL2-C病例组低于对照组。病例与对照两组均数比较,结果显示：TG、LDL、VLDL、apo-B、Lp(a)病例组明显高于对照(P＜0.01);HDL-C、LDL 2-C病例组低于对照组,TG、TC、LDL、VLDL的升高及HDL 3-C的降低与痛风危险存在统计学相关。tPA明显低于对照;PAI病例组明显高于对照组。结论 原发痛风患者早期需防治动脉粥样硬化。     

回顾性总结56例肝细胞癌合并肝外原发恶性肿瘤

目的 分析肝细胞癌合并肝外原发恶性肿瘤患者的临床特征.方法 回顾性分析56例原发性肝细胞癌合并肝外原发恶性肿瘤患者临床特征,包括肝外原发恶性肿瘤分布部位、治疗方式、与肝细胞癌发生的时间关系;对肝细胞癌患者确诊时的临床特征进行描述,对影响多原发恶性肿瘤患者总生存期及肝细胞癌患者特异生存期的临床特征进行单因素、多因素分析.结果 肝外原发恶性肿瘤多发部位依次为胃、结肠直肠、鼻咽部和肺部;24例为同时诊断恶性肿瘤,32例为先后诊断恶性肿瘤;67.9％患者会在出现第1个原发肿瘤后3年内再发生第2个原发肿瘤.同时癌与异时癌比较,两组在年龄、性别、肝炎、血清甲胎蛋白、肝功能Child-Pugh分级、巴塞罗那分期、肝细胞癌治疗方式、肝外原发肿瘤治疗方式、肝硬化、肿瘤数目、肿瘤最大直径、门静脉侵犯、肿瘤家族史、吸烟史等各组间差异均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).多因素分析显示,肝外原发肿瘤治疗方式及同时癌、异时癌分组会影响多原发恶性肿瘤患者的总生存期.生存分析显示:肝外原发恶性肿瘤获得根治性治疗以及异时癌组患者可获得较好的总生存期;肝细胞癌治疗方式、肝功能Child-Pugh分级是影响肝细胞癌特异生存期的临床因素;患者接受根治性手术切除、肝功能Child-Pugh A级患者可获得较长的肝细胞癌特异生存期.结论 肿瘤患者治疗后应进行定期复查,特别是最初3年对胃、结肠直肠、鼻咽部和肺部等高发部位的筛查;对肝内、肝外肿瘤积极治疗可以获得较好的生存期.     

原发性痛风33例临床分析

本文就我院1962～1989年住院治疗的33例痛风患者的临床特点分析如下: 一、一般情况:本组男性31例,女性2例;年龄22～73岁,平均56岁。病程1个月至24年,平均8.7年。33例均无家族史。 二、临床表现: 1.全身症状:本组患者全身症状较少。仅有     

恶性梗阻性黄疸支架再梗阻的多因素分析

目的 探讨恶性梗阻性黄疸支架置入后再梗阻的相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析发生胆道内支架再梗阻资料完整的50例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,分析影响胆道支架再梗阻的相关危险因素.结果 单因素分析表明原发肿瘤类型、肿瘤临床分期、梗阻部位、是否合并感染、支架治疗后是否应用抗肿瘤治疗是影响日日道支架再梗阻的相关因素;多因素分析表明肿瘤临床分期、梗阻部位、是否合并感染是影响胆道支架再梗阻发生的重要因素.结论 肿瘤临床分期、梗阻部位、是否合并感染是评价恶性梗阻性黄疸胆道支架再梗阻的重要参考因素.     

原发痛风代谢指标的遗传研究

 目的原发痛风患者的代谢指标的家系遗传.方法20个原发痛风患者的核心家庭成员78人,对资料进行条件Logistic回归分析并计算遗传.结果成员中新发现痛风4人,高尿酸血症5人.血清尿酸水平父-子、中亲-子之间明显相关;尿酸清除分数父-子、母-女、中亲-女中亲-子女存在相关关系,其-级亲属的遗传度为(77.20±10.11)%,.血脂的家系成员的遗传度在(6.00±1.89)%～(58.60±9.01)%.结论原发痛风患者一级亲属应早期预防痛风.     

胸部CT征象对周围型非小细胞肺癌脑转移的预测价值

目的 分析周围型非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的胸部CT征象与脑转移的相关性,探讨CT征象预测脑转移的可能性.方法 回顾性分析103例经病理确诊的周围型NSCLC患者的胸部CT影像学资料,其中发生脑转移患者53例,未发生脑转移患者50例.使用统计学方法分析胸部CT征象和CT-T&N影像学分期与脑转移的相关性,并采用Logistic回归分析脑转移发生的危险因素.结果 单因素分析结果发现,病理类型、毛刺征及其分型、空洞/空泡征、CT-T分期和CT-N分期是原发周围型NSCLC发生脑转移的相关因素(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析结果发现,病理类型、CT-T2期和T4期、毛刺征及其分型、空气支气管征、胸膜凹陷征Ⅱ及Ⅳ型与脑转移的发生有关(P＜0.05),且除毛刺征及其分型外,均为脑转移发生的危险因素.年龄、性别、原发肿瘤大小及部位、分叶征、血管集束征与脑转移的发生差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论部分CT征象与周围型NSCLC脑转移的发生具有相关性,其中病理类型、CT-T2期和T4期、空气支气管征、胸膜凹陷征Ⅱ和Ⅳ型为脑转移发生的危险因素.     

士兵精神分裂症危险因素的Logistic分析

目的　探讨部队士兵中精神分裂症的危险因素 ,为精神分裂症病因学和防治提供依据。方法　用病例对照研究方法 ,对 97例病例组和 178例对照组调查研究并做Logistic分析。 结果　士兵精神分裂症 13项可疑危险因素中 ,入伍时间、家族史、性格倾向、欲望挫折、训练压力和人际关系 6项 ,经 χ2 检验具有显著性意义 (P≤ 0 .0 5 ) ;多因素非条件Logis tic分析后 ,入伍时间、家族史、性格倾向和训练压力 4项纳入多元线性回归方程。结论　入伍时间、家族史、性格倾向和训练压力可看作为士兵精神分裂症的危险因素 ,入伍前、后应重视这些方面的精神卫生问题。     

The effects of exercise on coronary heart disease risk factors in children

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is now recognised as a paediatric problem despite the fact that clinical symptoms of this disease do not become apparent until much later in life. Epidemiological studies of risk factors in children have now been conducted. These studies suggest that the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adults, which include a family history of heart disease, elevated blood lipids (serum cholesterol and triglycerides), obesity, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and inadequate physical activity, can be identified in children. Several investigators have reported the existence of one or more risk factors in more than 50% of the children they have examined. It is now clear that we can detect most children who are potentially at risk for CHD. The notion of 'tracking' some of the most common CHD risk factors in children has been used in several studies. Results from this type of research indicate that children who are at the extreme end of the distribution and have high levels of blood pressure, adverse lipid levels and are obese will continue to exhibit these coronary risk factors as they grow. The research completed at present does not answer the question of whether children who exhibit a coronary-prone risk factor profile will exhibit this same profile at an age when one is most likely to develop the clinical manifestations of CHD. It does make sense, however, to identify those children who may be at risk for developing premature CHD and to initiate safe interventions such as behaviour modification, changes in diet and increases in physical activity. These have all been shown to alter risk factors which are associated with increased relative risk of CHD in adults. It should be noted that in adults regular aerobic exercise often may alter all risk factors for CHD, including hypertension and diabetes. Whether regular aerobic exercise will induce similar changes in children is not fully understood.     

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors of Hong Kong Chinese.

BACKGROUND: In Hong Kong, the prevalence of cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) increased from 38.6% in 1972 to 59.4% in 1992 and has become an area of concern. The present study intended to identify the CHD risk factors of 18-60 year old Hong Kong Chinese and recommend primary prevention programmes accordingly. METHODS: Subjects (N=1432) were systemically recruited from community and sports centres in urban and rural districts in order to balance the effects of age, gender and economic status. Eight major CHD factors were identified and criteria used for classifying them as high risk were as follows: high blood pressure (SBP: over 160 mmHg or DBP: over 95 mmHg); total blood cholesterol (over 6.2 mmol/L) or high density lipoprotein (HDL) under 0.9 mmol/L; cigarette smoking; overweight (BMI over 27.5, or percent body fat over 25 for men and 30 for women); exercise habit (no exercise or exercise less than once per week); alcohol consumption (over 6 drinks or 90 ml ethanol per week); diabetes mellitus; and family history (one or both parents died of CHD before the age of 60 years). All testings and data collection were conducted at the laboratory in 1997-98. Differences in the prevalence of CHD risk factors due to age and gender were then investigated. RESULTS: It was found that the percentages of subjects with high risk factors were substantially lower than those reported in other countries e.g., Australia and the People's Republic of China. The prevalence of CHD risk factors increased with age and it was also higher in the male subjects. There were more men with three or more CHD risk factors than women (23.5 vs 9.9%). CONCLUSIONS: It was suggested that the Hong Kong SAR Government should launch primary prevention programmes to eliminate the five behaviour-related CHD risk factors identified in the present study and monitor their prevalence in the future.     

Age and other predictors of coronary heart disease

Multiple factors contributing to coronary heart disease (CHD) and underlying atherosclerosis have been identified. Biologic factors include aging, gender, and family history. Potentially modifiable risk factors are: cigarette smoking; high blood pressure; elevated levels of plasma total and low density lipoprotein and low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol; diabetes mellitus; obesity; dietary habits; physical inactivity and poor physical fitness; and perhaps response to psycho-social stress. CHD risk increases with the number of risk factors and their levels. Resting and exercise ECG abnormalities further increase risk. Because of differences in levels of these risk factors, a great deal of variability exists in probability of CHD at any age. Using age alone to predict risk of heart attack results in high rates of false positives. Favorable alterations in modifiable risk factors by the American public appears to be primarily responsible for the progressive decline in CHD mortality rates in this country since 1968. This decline has occurred at all ages during a period of dramatic increase in prevalence of people over 65 yr of age in the United States. This confirms that modifiable risk factors are much more important than age in the etiology of CHD, and clearly demonstrates that CHD is not an inevitable part of the aging process.     

Exercise for the Older Adult

In brief: Sixty-three students aged 7 to 12 years (32 boys, 31 girls) were assessed for coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, including family history of CHD, blood pressure, VO₂ max, serum lipids, body composition, and history of diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking. Forty-two percent of the children had one risk factor, and 12% and 3% had two and three risk factors, respectively. This information was used to encourage school administrators and faculty to modify the physical education program, teach health and fitness concepts in the classroom, and develop a rehabilitation program for children at risk.     

上海地区海域船舶人员高血压危险因素分析

目的　了解船舶人员高血压发病情况及危险因素 ,以指导防治。方法　对 1997年高血压普查资料行初步整理 ,并着重对高血压危险因素行 logistic回归分析。结果　高血压患病率为 6 .3%。危险因素有年龄、超体重、父系家族史、海上工作年限、职别及行政管理工作。结论　本调查确定的高血压危险因素与全国抽查结果相符 ;父系家族史对男性子代有遗传优势 ;可通过体育锻炼减少高血压发病。     

军队离退休干部脑卒中患者危险因素调查

目的了解军队离退休老干部脑卒中幸存者的危险因素暴露情况。方法对门诊和住院的477例脑卒中幸存者,进行危险因素调查。将研究对象以年龄分组,分析并描述脑卒中危险因素的暴露水平、血压水平及其年龄分布。结果脑卒中幸存者的原发性高血压史、心脏病、糖尿病、脑卒中家族史、原发性高血压家族史、肥胖、吸烟、饮酒的暴露率分别为62.9%、31.9%、13.0%、25.2%、31.7%、20.5%、41.9%和29.1%。各年龄组间体质指数(BM I)和舒张压水平有显著差异,随年龄增长而下降。收缩压水平≥140 mmHg者占71.9%,舒张压水平≥90 mmHg者占61%,各年龄组间舒张压水平的分布差异有统计学意义。结论军队离退休老干部脑卒中幸存者危险因素暴露处于较高水平,原发性高血压的控制率有待提高。     

舟山市高血压现况调查及危险因素分析

目的探讨海岛地区高血压的发病特点及危险因素，为海岛地区高血压社区综合防治措施的制定和开展提供依据。方法对海岛的城市、农村地区15岁以上1174人进行高血压患病和危险因素调查。结果（1）高血压总患病率31．69％，标化率14．96％。性别与地区间均无明显差异。（2）高血压患病随年龄递增，40岁始患病率明显增高。（3）高血压危险因素为超重、高血糖、高血脂、高龄、高血压家族史及饮酒；血压与性别、吸烟、食盐摄人量无相关性。结论（1）海岛高血压患病率呈快速上升趋势；（2）患病年龄有提前趋势；（3）超重、高血糖、高血脂是目前海岛高血压的最主要危险因素。     

46例民航飞行员血清尿酸水平与冠心病的相关分析

目的 研究血清尿酸（serum uric acid,SUA）水平与民航飞行员冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）的相关性.方法 对46例疑似冠心病的民航飞行员行冠状动脉造影,并采集空腹静脉血样测定血清尿酸、血糖及血脂水平,分析上述生化指标、病史、年龄与冠心病的相关性.结果 经冠状动脉造影,18例（39.1%）确诊冠心病,列为冠心病组;28例（60.9%）冠状动脉造影正常或病变轻微,列为非冠心病组.两组间年龄差异有统计学意义（t=2.187,P＜0.05）;合并高血压、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症及高尿酸血症方面差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;但在合并糖尿病、吸烟、高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症方面差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;冠心病组飞行员平均血清尿酸水平为（430.58±89.10） μmol/L,明显高于非冠心病组的（341.70±78.11） μmol/L,差异有统计学意义（t=3.565,P＜0.01）.精确Logistic检验结果显示SUA是冠心病的独立危险因素.结论 高尿酸血症可能是引起飞行员冠心病的独立危险因素.     

长春市儿童和青少年原发性高血压与肥胖相关性分析

目的：总结长春市3～18岁儿童和青少年超重肥胖和原发性高血压的发生率,分析原发性高血压与超重肥胖的相关性,为儿童和青少年超重、肥胖、高血压的防治提供科学依据。方法2012-07至2012-09,采用整群随机抽样对长春市4860名3～18岁儿童和青少年进行高血压、肥胖流行特点的横断面调查。对资料进行统计学分析。结果（1）3～18岁儿童和青少年高血压发生率8．9％。超重肥胖总发生率20．9％,肥胖的高峰期出现于9～11岁。（2）超重组高血压发生率13．17％,肥胖组高血压发生率32．85％,显著高于体重正常组高血压发生率（5．3％）,BMI值增加对收缩压升高产生的影响高于对舒张压升高产生的影响。（3）BMI、腰围、腰围身高比（waist to height ratio,WHtR）与收缩压和舒张压均呈正相关,腰围和BMI与血压的相关性优于WHtR,没有明显性别差异。（4）有家族史者超重肥胖发生率为56．3％,无家族史者超重肥胖发生率为18．7％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。（5）高血压更易出现糖、脂代谢紊乱,多元Logistic回归分析显示BMI、腰围、血脂水平是影响血压的主要因素, BMI对收缩压的影响显著,腰围对舒张压的影响差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论 BMI能够敏感预测儿童及青少年高血压,目前我国儿童和青少年超重肥胖发生率明显升高,此类人群中高血压发病的危险性显著增强。