后路半椎体切除椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗儿童先天性脊柱侧凸

目的:探讨后路半椎体切除加椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗儿童先天性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效。方法:以后路半椎体切除加椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗半椎体畸形所致先天性脊柱侧凸儿童15例,均为完全分节性半椎体畸形。其中2例行凸侧椎弓根螺钉固定,其余均行双侧椎弓根螺钉固定。术后随访,摄脊柱正侧位X线片,比较手术前后冠状面Cobb角及后凸角度矫正情况。结果:所有患者均得到随访,随访时间12～25个月,平均17个月。脊柱冠状面平均Cobb角由术前47.5°矫正至16.1°,矢状面平均后凸角由术前31°矫正至12.7°。末次随访矫正效果无丢失。所有患者均未出现神经损伤、感染等并发症,内固定无松动。结论:后路半椎体切除加椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗半椎体畸形所致先天性脊柱侧凸安全、有效,矫正效果满意。     

一期后路半椎体切除椎弓根钉短节段内固定矫治先天性脊柱侧后凸

目的:评价一期后路半椎体切除椎弓根钉短节段内固定矫治先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的手术风险与临床效果.方法:先天性半椎体脊柱侧后凸畸形患者17例,平均年龄10.3岁,畸形主弯位于胸腰段(T10～L2)者11例,腰段(L3～L5)者3例,胸段(T1～T9)者3例.17例行一期后路半椎体切除椎弓根钉系统内固定术,比较末次随访和术前脊柱侧弯、后凸Cobb角及矢状面、冠状面平衡矫正情况.结果:所有患者顺利完成手术,手术固定4～7椎节,平均4.6椎节.随访平均18.9个月(12～24个月),脊柱侧弯矫正率平均(68.7±6.78)％,后凸矫正率平均(66.7±4.05)％.所有患者均获骨性愈合,未发生内固定失败及脊髓神经根受损,躯干失代偿均得到矫正.结论:一期后路半椎体切除椎弓根钉短节段固定术安全、有效,脊柱三维矫形稳定,最大程度保留了脊柱功能,具有融合率高、并发症少的优点.     

后路半椎体切除椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗先天性脊柱畸形

目的：评价后方入路半椎体切除并椎弓根螺钉矫形固定椎间植骨融合术治疗先天性脊柱侧后突畸形的疗效。方法：2005年1月～2009年12月,我科收集17例先天性半椎体并脊柱侧突后突畸形患儿,男11例,女6例,平均年龄11.8岁。患儿接受后路半椎体切除＋椎弓根螺钉矫形固定＋椎间隙半椎体之骨颗粒植入融合术,手术固定2～8椎体,椎体手术后佩戴胸腰背支具6个月以上,测量并比较术前、术后1周及术后1年侧后突之Cobb角,从而评估手术效果。结果：本组患儿侧突主弯Cobb角术前平均64.2°,术后18.3°,矫正率为71.5%;后突主弯Cobb角术前平均57.1°,术后22.6°,矫正率为60.4%。术后无神经功能障碍或术区感染等并发症发生。术后3个月植骨达到骨性融合,而且代偿性辅弯减少,躯干平衡改善。结论：后方入路半椎体切除并椎弓根螺钉矫形固定椎间植骨融合术治疗先天性脊柱侧后突畸形可以达到满意的治疗效果,其中,短节段固定又可以保留较多的椎体生长和运动功能。     

半椎体切除治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸的进展

先天性脊柱侧凸分为椎体形成缺陷（Ⅰ型）、分节缺陷（Ⅱ型）和混合型（Ⅲ型）三类,Ⅰ型包括半椎体（完全性）和楔形椎体（部分性）。其中半椎体是指一侧椎体发育形成障碍而起的畸形。半椎体畸形是先天性脊柱侧凸最常见的原因,所致脊柱侧凸约占先天性脊柱侧凸46％。由于完全分节的半椎体具有正常的生长能力,所以产生的畸形具有进展性,     

后路一期椎体切除矫形治疗脊柱侧后凸畸形8例疗效观察

目的评价经一期后路截骨椎体切除、矫形内固定治疗胸腰段侧后凸畸形的手术效果。方法对8例各种原因引起的侧后凸畸形临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果术后矫正程度由术前平均侧凸47°、后凸60°改善至术后15°和17°,平均矫正率分别为68%和71%;随访获初步或坚强融合,无永久性神经系统损伤。结论由半椎体或者楔形椎所引起的脊柱侧后凸畸形可经一期后路半椎体切除和节段矫形内固定术而获得满意的矫形效果,特别是上胸椎段和严重侧后凸脊柱畸形,但该术式对术者手术技术和麻醉技术要求极高。     

半椎体切除治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的临床疗效

目的：探讨半椎体切除治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的临床效果及应用价值。方法选取该院2011年1月至2013年1月收治的30例先天性脊柱侧后凸合并半椎体畸形患者为研究对象。其中,单纯半椎体、无结构性弯曲患者12例,行后路半椎体切除、短节段椎弓根螺钉固定术;合并前凸、半椎体凸向腹侧患者3例,行前路半椎体切除合并植骨融合固定术;合并结构性代偿弯患者15例,行后路经椎弓根半椎体切除、长节段矫形代偿弯固定融合术。对所有患者手术治疗临床效果进行对比分析。结果后凸术后平均 Cobb 角、末次随访平均 Cobb 角分别为（8．6±3．14）°、（11．2±7．23）°,脊柱后凸最终矫形率为58．6％;侧凸术后平均侧凸 Cobb 角（12．8±5．47）°,末次随访平均（16．2±6．24）°,脊柱侧凸最终矫形率为66．5％。脊柱后凸、侧凸手术治疗后平均 Cobb 角明显小于术前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,脊柱后凸、侧凸均明显好转,术后未出现明显并发症,患者较满意。结论半椎体切除治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形效果显著,脊柱侧后凸矫形率高,值得临床上进一步研究。     

后路半椎体切除短节段经椎弓根内固定治疗小儿先天性脊柱侧凸11例

目的探讨后路半椎体切除,短节段经椎弓根内固定术治疗小儿先天性脊柱侧凸患者的临床效果。方法11例小儿先天性脊柱侧凸患者均为侧后方半椎体畸形,均行后路I期半椎体切除,短节段经椎弓根内固定术;完成内固定后将半椎体上下双侧椎板、横突、关节突去皮质,制作植骨床,残存间隙和植骨床,用切除的松质骨植骨。结果手术时间平均3.5h,术中出血量平均420m l,输血300~600m l,平均输血量350m l。术后随防6~24个月,术前主弯Cobb角平均38°,术后平均16.5,°末次随访时15°,平均矫正率66.4%,所有患儿躯干平衡良好,末发现失代偿现象,均无神经系统并发症。结论对小儿发展的半椎体畸形,在原发侧凸发展严重或代偿性侧凸形成结构性侧凸之前,行后路半椎体切除,短节段椎弓根内固定术可直接去除致畸因素,在冠状面和矢状面均可获得良好的矫形,并且可保存脊柱的生长能力和更多的运动节段。     

后路半椎体切除节段固定矫治青少年脊柱侧后凸畸形

目的 评价由单个半椎体引起青少年侧后凸畸形经一期后路半椎体切除及节段矫形内固定的初期手术效果.方法 对11例由单个半椎体引起侧后凸畸形的青少年患者进行回顾性分析,均经一期后路半椎体切除及节段性矫形内固定.结果 侧凸畸形由术前平均67.6°改善至26.90°(矫正率60.2%);后凸畸形由术前的平均49.20°矫正至20.40°.无神经系统损伤、感染及内固定失败等并发症发生.随访10个月～2年,矫形效果满意,丢失率低,融合良好.结论 采用一期后路半椎体切除和节段内固定对青少年脊柱侧后凸畸形矫形是一有效、可行的方法.主要适用于由胸椎或胸腰段半椎体所引起的结构性侧凸畸形.     

一期前后路半椎体切除节段性内固定治疗小儿先天性脊柱侧凸

目的 探讨一期前后路半椎体切除节段性内固定治疗小儿先天性脊柱侧凸的可行性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析35例半椎体所致的先天性脊柱侧凸,所有病例均施行了一期前后路半椎体切除节段性内固定术,并且获得1.2～8.7年的随访(平均5.3年),主要比较患儿手术前后Cobb's角的变化.结果 术前脊柱侧凸Cobb's角为(42.5±6.7)°,术后纠正到(16.2±3.2)°,平均纠正率64.7%.14例明显后凸的Cobb's角由(33.5±5.2)°纠正到(13.3±5.6)°,平均纠正率53.2%.手术时间210～280 min,平均240 min.术中出血量80～200 ml,平均120 ml.最后随访时侧凸和后凸分别为(15.6±5.8)°和(14.2±3.3)°,与术后相比,无纠正丢失.无死亡和神经系统并发症.未发现内固定松动及断裂现象.结论 一期前后路半椎体切除节段性内固定是治疗小儿先天性脊柱侧凸的有效术式,能够通过较短节段的融合获得满意的矫正.     

后路半椎体切除短节段融合治疗先天性脊柱侧弯疗效观察

目的:探讨后路半椎体切除短节段融合治疗先天性脊柱侧弯的临床疗效。方法:选取30例本院收治的先天性脊柱侧弯患儿,经后方入路半椎体切除后,一期行短关节椎弓根螺钉矫形固定和脊柱植骨融合术,比较患儿手术前后及随访期内的脊柱侧弯情况及后凸Cobb’s角。结果:患儿脊柱畸形情况改善明显,冠状面半椎体节段侧弯Cobb’s角术前平均41.3°、术后平均15.3°,矫正率63.0%,末次随访平均14.8°,矫正率64.2%;冠状面全主弯Cobb’s角术前平均46.8°、术后平均18.6°,矫正率60.3%,末次随访平均17.6°,矫正率62.4%;矢状面半椎体节段术前平均后凸15.3°,术后Cobb’s角降至生理曲度正常范围,术后尾侧和头侧代偿弯也有明显改善,5项数据手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:后路半椎体切除短节段融合治疗先天性脊柱侧弯疗效显著,该术式能够达到矫正先天性脊柱侧弯的目的,在患儿骨骼成熟前治疗,可有效预防继发性脊柱病变,值得在临床上推广使用。     

后路全椎体切除并脊柱重建术治疗重度脊柱畸形的研究进展

全椎体切除术起源于脊椎截骨术,最早运用于脊柱肿瘤的治疗,20世纪末逐渐为脊柱矫形外科医师所接受并运用于治疗严重脊柱畸形。随着医疗技术的进步,手术器械的发展,经后路全椎体切除术(PVCR)治疗严重脊柱畸形的运用越发频繁。由此所伴发的对PVCR的具体手术操作,术后脊柱稳定性重建,相关手术并发症的处理及预防的研究也愈发广泛,其讨论也形成了一定的体系。     

Posterior Selective Thoracic Fusion in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients： a Comparison of All Pedicle Screws versus Hybrid Instrumentation

Objective To analyze the influence of segmental pedicle screws versus hybrid instrumentation on the correction results in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior selective thoracic fusion. Methods By reviewing the medical records and roentgenograms of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients who underwent selective thoracic fusion from February 2000 to January 2007 in our hospital, the patients were divided into 2 groups according to different instrumentation fashions： Group A was hook-screw-rod （hybrid） internal fixation type, Group B was screw-rod （all pedicle screws） internal fixation type, and the screws were used in every segment on the concave side of the thoracic curve. The parameters of the scoliosis were measured and the correction results were analyzed. Results Totally, 48 patients （7 males, 41 females） were included, with an average age of 14.4 years old and a mean follow-up time of 12.3 months. Thirty and 18 patients were assigned to group A and group B, respectively. The mean preoperative coronal Cobb angles of the thoracic curve were 48.8° and 47.4°, respectively. After surgery, they were corrected to 13.7° and 6.8°, respectively. At final follow-up, they were 17.0° and 9.5°, with an average correction rate of 64.6% and 79.0%, respectively, and the correction rate of group B was significantly higher than that of group A （P=0.003）. The mean preoperative coronal Cobb angles of the lumbar curve were 32.6° and 35.2°, respectively. After surgery, they were corrected to 8.6° and 8.3°, respectively. At final follow-up, they were 10.3° and 11.1°, with an average correction rate of 66.8% and 69.9%, respectively, and the correction rate of group B was significantly higher than that of group A （P=0.003）. The correction loss of the thoracic curve and lumbar curve in the 2 groups were 3.1° and 1.8°, 2.4° and 2.4°, respectively. No significant difference was noted （both P〉0.05）. The decompensation rate at final follow-up in these 2 groups were 4% （1/25） and 7.1% （1/14） respectively, with no significant difference （P〉0.05）.     

后路全椎体切除技术在外伤后严重陈旧性胸腰段后凸畸形矫正中的应用

Background Post-traumatic kyphosis is a common potential complication of spinal trauma and correct management of this problem is becoming ever more impcrtant.Although posterior vertebra column resection has been increasingly adopted to correct severe spinal deformity,no series of reports were found on severe post-traumatic kyphosis in the thoracolumbar region.Therefore,the present cohort retrospective study is presented to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of posterior vertebra column resection with instrument fusion performed in patients with severe post-traumatic kyphosis.Methods From May 2004 to May 2006,53 patients（38 male,1 5 female）at an average age of 37.6 years（range,24 to 66 years）,were surgically treated for symptomatic post-traumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis with a posterior wedge closing osteotomy at our hospital.Among them,5 consecutive adult patients with severe post-traumatic kyphosis were included in this study.Operation time, blood lOSS and complications were noted in each case.Radiographic documentation was made on the basis of standing anterior-posterior（AP）and lateral views and three dimensional reconstruction images of computed tomography （CT） scans were used to further identify the apex region of a sharp angular deformity.Sagittal correction was assessed in terms of effective regional deformity（ERD）for the injury Ievel.Assessment of radiological fusion at follow-up was based on the presence of trabecular bone bridging at the osteotomy site according to Brantigan.Preoperative and postoperative clinical assessments were performed by using Oswestw disability index（ODI）, back pain was rated in all patients by the visual analog scale （VAS） preoperatively,postoperatively and at the latest follow-up.Results The mean operating time was 265 minutes（220-408 minutes）,with an average blood loss of 1 362 ml （870-2570 m1）.Each patient finished at least two years of follow-up.The average ERD significantly decreased from 69°（58°-86°）,preoperatively to 4°（1°-8°） after surgery （P=0.01 7）;with a mean correction of 65°.ERD averaged 1 0.4°（7°-1 7°）at the latest follow-up with a mean loss of 6.4°.VAS and ODI scores improved from preoperative 7.4（6.0-9.0） and 55.2（48.0-60.0） to 2.3（1.0-4.0） and 1 2.2（7.0-18.0）at the latest follow-up.Full bone fusion was achieved in all patients.Complications occurred in two patients：one had a transient weakness of the Ieft side lower extremity and the symptom improved spontaneously without further treatment within one month;the other patient suffered a deep wound infection three weeks after the operation,and recovered well by additional debridement,continuous perfusion and drainage.Conclusions Posterior vertebra column resection can satisfactorily correct severe post-traumatic kyphosis in thoracolumbar region.Nevertheless,this challenging procedure should be performed by experienced spinal surgeon to minimize complications.     

伤椎置钉与跨节段椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的比较研究

目的比较经伤椎置钉与跨节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法选择汕头市潮阳区大峰医院于2010年1月至2012年6月收治的胸腰椎爆裂性骨折80例,随机分为经伤椎椎弓根螺钉三椎体固定组40例(治疗组)和跨节段椎弓根螺钉固定组40例(对照组),其中治疗组行伤椎及伤椎上下节段椎弓根内固定,对照组行传统4钉内固定。所有患者术前及术后随访行X线及CT检查,测量并比较两组术后Cobb角、矫正率、术后椎管面积改善值、远期丢失率、内固定失效率,同时观察神经恢复情况。结果所有患者获得6～30个月(平均19.5个月)随访。治疗组术后Cobb角、矫正率、术后椎管面积改善值、远期丢失率、内固定失效率方面明显优于对照组(P<0.05);无完全神经损伤者较术前均有1～2级恢复,术后脊髓神经功能无损伤加重,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论伤椎置钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折能更好地矫正后凸畸形、重建椎体高度、维持矫正效果和减少内固定的松动断裂等并发症,手术安全且有效。     

后路椎弓根螺钉治疗齿状突骨折合并寰枢椎不稳

目的 探讨经颈椎后路椎弓根螺钉治疗齿状突骨折合并寰枢椎不稳的临床疗效及手术可行性分析。方法回顾性分析2009年8月至2013年2月我院采用后路椎弓根螺钉治疗齿状突骨折合并寰枢椎不稳28例患者资料,Ⅱ型齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎不稳定19例,Ⅲ型齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位9例,随访患者临床症状缓解程度、复位及植骨融合情况。结果 所有螺钉位置良好,骨折与复位及固定满意。28例患者均获得随访,平均随访18个月,X线片、CT显示寰枢椎达到骨性融合,内固定物未松动及断裂。临床症状改善优良率89.3%。结论 后路椎弓根螺钉治疗齿状突骨折合并寰枢椎不稳具有生物力学稳定性好,复位满意,固定可靠,植骨融合率高,最大限度地保留颈椎活动度,临床症状改善满意。     

前路病灶清除后路椎弓根固定治疗胸腰椎结核效果观察

目的 总结前路病灶清除后路椎弓根固定治疗胸腰椎结核的临床效果.方法 2005年3月-2007年8月共手术治疗胸腰椎结核31例,均采用前路病灶清除后路椎弓根固定术.根据术前、术后X线平片分析植骨融合及脊柱后凸畸形矫正效果.结果 术后随访14～43个月,平均24个月.患者手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合,结核无复发,均获骨性融合,融合时间3～7个月,平均4.5个月.无内固定松动、脱出及断裂.术前Cobb角30.6°,术后Cobb角17.6°,平均矫正13.0°.结论 对胸腰椎结核患者行前路病灶清除后路椎弓根固定治疗可有效矫正脊柱后凸畸形,重建脊柱稳定性,获得良好的骨性融合.     

后路减压椎弓根螺钉内固定椎间植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱25例的疗效观察

目的 观察后路减压椎弓根螺钉内固定加椎间植骨融合术治疗腰椎滑脱的临床疗效.方法 25例腰椎滑脱患者均采用后路减压、椎弓根螺钉内固定复位及椎间融合术治疗.结果 平均手术时间为240 min,平均出血量600 ml.平均随访时间15个月,完全复位23例(92%),椎骨融合24例(96%),按邹德威等标准评价疗效,优17例,...