实验性迟发性脑血管痉挛时痉挛动脉的自由基代谢

为探讨蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）后迟发性脑血管痉挛（ＤＣＶＳ）时痉挛动脉的自由基代谢变化。通过了对ＤＣＶＳ时痉挛动脉的自由基含量、自由基清除酶超氧化物岐化酶（Ｃｕ－ＺｎＳＯＤ）与过氧化氢酶（Ｃａｔ）活性以及自由基代谢产物脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量的测定。结果显示：（１）痉挛动脉的自由基含量比对照组明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）Ｃｕ－ＺｎＳＯＤ活性明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ｃａｔ活性明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（３）ＬＰＯ含量明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本实验结果证实ＳＡＨ后ＤＣＶＳ时痉挛动脉存在自由基的代谢紊乱，自由基介导的病理作用可能在ＤＣＶＳ发病机理中起重要作用。     

临床和实验性迟发性脑血管痉挛时自由基代谢的变化

临床和实验性迟发性脑血管痉挛时自由基代谢的变化（摘要）刘芳龄刘多三饶明莉田玉旺郝晓淑为了探讨蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）后迟发性脑动脉痉挛（ＤＣＶＳ）时自由基代谢的变化，我们从自由基含量、自由基清除酶超氧化物歧化酶（Ｃｕ－ＺｎＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（Ｃａｔ...     

自由基清除剂对糖尿病模型大鼠神经组织中自由基代谢影响的实验研究

本文分别测定了正常对照组、糖尿病模型组，用不同剂量超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）治疗糖尿病模型大鼠坐骨神经组织中总ＳＯＤ（Ｔ－ＳＯＤ）、铜锌ＳＯＤ（Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ）、过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）水平。结果：糖尿病大鼠神经组织中ＬＰＯ、ＭＤＡ高于正常对照组；Ｔ－ＳＯＤ、Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ水平则低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。大剂量ＳＯＤ比小剂量ＳＯＤ提高Ｔ－ＳＯＤ、Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ，降低ＬＰＯ、ＭＤＡ作用明显。提示糖尿病神经组织中自由基代谢异常是导致糖尿病神经病的原因之一，而外源性ＳＯＤ对糖尿病神经组织中自由基有清除作用。     

急性脑梗塞患者红细胞免疫功能与血清SOD,LPO的变化

测定了３１例急性脑梗塞患者红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率（ＲＢＣ—Ｃ３ｂＲＲ）和红细胞免疫复合物花环率（ＲＢＣ—ＩＣＲ）以及可能影响红细胞免疫粘附（ＲＣＩＡ）功能的血清脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）。结果表明，急性脑梗塞患者ＲＢＣ—Ｃ３ｂＲＲ明显降低，而ＲＢＣ—ＩＣＲ明显增高；血清ＳＯＤ含量减少，ＬＰＯ明显增高。ＲＢＣ—Ｃ３ｂＲＲ降低与血清ＬＰＯ增高呈显著负相关，与ＳＯＤ呈正相关。上述结果说明红细胞免疫功能降低与体内自由基代谢改变有关。     

帕金森病血抗氧化系统的变化及临床意义

探讨帕金森病（ＰＤ）患者体内抗氧化系统水平及其在ＰＤ发病中的可能作用。方法观测了７０例ＰＤ患者和７０例正常人的血浆维生素Ｃ、Ｅ浓度（Ｐ－ＶＣ，Ｐ－ＶＥ），血浆及红细胞膜超氧化物歧化酶（Ｐ－ＳＯＤ，Ｅ－ＳＯＤ）活性，血浆及红细胞过氧化脂质（Ｐ－ＬＰＯ，Ｅ－ＬＰＯ）水平的变化。结果与正常对照组相比，ＰＤ患者的Ｐ－ＶＣ、Ｐ－ＶＥ浓度及Ｐ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ活性均明显降低，而Ｐ－ＬＰＯ、Ｅ－ＬＰＯ水平则显著增高。并且Ｐ－ＶＣ、Ｐ－ＶＥ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ水平与ＰＤ患者的病情和病程呈负相关。结论提示ＰＤ患者可能存在血抗氧化系统缺陷而使内源性氧自由基堆积，导致黑质神经元退变     

氯喹,SOD防治脑缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究

探讨氯喹、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）防治脑缺血再灌注损伤的效果。用４血管阻断法造成大鼠全脑缺血，３０ｍｉｎ后再恢复双侧颈总动脉血流３０ｍｉｎ，此时大鼠脑组织磷脂酶Ａ（ＰＬＡ）活性和内皮素（ＥＴ）、过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量显著增高，而ＳＯＤ活性和维生素Ｅ（ＶｉｔＥ）含量明显降低，大脑皮层神经细胞和血脑屏障明显损害。预防用氯喹或ＳＯＤ治疗，部分抑制了ＬＰＯ、ＥＴ含量的增高和ＳＯＤ活性下降，明显减轻脑神经细胞和血脑屏障损伤程度；但对ＶｉｔＥ含量都无明显影响。氯喹、ＳＯＤ对缺血再灌注脑损伤有一定的防治作用。     

免疫应答期间脑内多巴胺代谢的变化

应用高效液相色谱－电化学检测法（ＨＰＬＣ－ＥＣＤ）测定大鼠用绵羊红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）免疫后第２－７天期间，下丘脑，海马和脑干中多巴胺（ＤＡ）及代谢产物高香草酸（ＨＶＡ）的含量，结果表明，下丘脑中ＤＡ含量，在免疫后第３－４天明显升高，第５天明显降低，ＨＶＡ含量在免疫后第２－５天显著地增加，以第４天增加最多，海马中ＤＡ含量在免疫后第５－７天明显减少，而ＨＶＡ含量在此期间显著增加，均以第６天变化最大，脑干     

自由基在大鼠全脑缺血再灌流损伤中作用机理及保精增智…

本文采用大鼠４血管关闭方法制作了全脑血再灌流模型，于再灌流后２４ｈ取双侧海马，分别采用Ｐｒｏｇａｌｌｏｌ－ＮＢＴ和改良的ＴＢＡ法测定了ＳＯＤ活性和ＬＰＯ含量，结果ＳＯＤ明显低于对照组而ＬＰＯ明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。同时观察了一种亲的中药方剂－保精增智液对自由基的拮抗作用，实验证明该药造模后给药效果不明显（Ｐ〉０．０５），造模前给药可使ＬＰＯ下降及ＳＯＤ上升，与对照组比较差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０     

老年急性脑血管病并多器官功能衰竭患者SIL—2R和T细胞亚…

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＡＰＡＡＰ法对３２例老年急性脑血管病（ＡＣＶＤ）并多器官功能衰竭（ＭＯＦ）患者及４０例老年和３５例非老年ＡＣＶＤ患者血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）及Ｔ细胞亚群水平进行了测定。并与３０例对照组比较。结果显示，疾病各组队ＣＤ３外ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＣＤ８均较对照组明显升高ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值则明显下降，其中以老年ＡＣＶＤ并ＭＯＦ组变化最为显著，与老年和非老年ＡＣＶＤ组比较，亦有显著     

氧化、脂质过氧化与脑梗死关系的探讨

目的:探讨一氧化氮、氧化、脂质过氧化与脑梗死的关系。方法:检测了１４６例急性脑梗死患者(ＣＩ)和１００例健康志愿者(ＨＶ)血浆中的一氧化氮(Ｐ－ＮＯ)、维生素Ｃ(Ｐ－ＶＣ)、维生素Ｅ(Ｐ－ＶＥ)、β－胡萝卜素(Ｐ－β－ＣＡＲ)和过氧化脂质(Ｐ－ＬＰＯ)含量及红细胞中的超氧化物歧化酶(Ｅ－ＳＯＤ)、过氧化氢酶(Ｅ－ＣＡＴ)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Ｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ)活性和过氧化脂质(Ｅ－ＬＰＯ)含量并作分析比较;同时,检测了其中４４例患者治疗前后的上述生化指标,并作分析比较。结果:与ＨＶ组比较,ＣＩ组的Ｐ－ＮＯ、Ｐ－ＬＰＯ、Ｅ－ＬＰＯ平均值均显著升高(Ｐ＜０．００１),Ｐ－ＶＣ、Ｐ－ＶＥ、Ｐ－β－ＣＡＲ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－ＣＡＴ、Ｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ平均值均显著降低(Ｐ＜０．００１);与治疗前比较,治疗后的Ｐ－ＮＯ、Ｐ－ＬＰＯ、Ｅ－ＬＰＯ平均值均显著降低(Ｐ＜０．００１),Ｐ－ＶＣ、Ｐ－ＶＥ、Ｐ－β－ＣＡＲ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－ＣＡＴ、Ｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ平均值均显著升高(Ｐ＜０．００１)。结论:脑梗死患者体内ＮＯ代谢异常,一系列自由基连锁反应病理性加剧,氧化抗氧化平衡严重失调,ＮＯ、氧化和脂质过氧化损伤加剧。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.