脊柱损伤的X线平片与CT诊断对比分析

脊柱损伤是临床较为常见的外伤之一,常规X线检查和CT扫描对脊柱损伤诊断具有重要意义,及时、准确评估损伤情况对临床治疗至关重要。作者对86例脊柱损伤病例X线平片和CT扫描结果进行回顾性分析,探讨X线和CT检查对脊柱损伤的诊断价值。1材料和方法1·1一般资料作者收集本院2000~2     

脊柱骨折的X线和CT扫描影像对照分析

目的比较和评价常规X线片和CT扫描二种影像学方法在脊柱骨折诊断中的作用.方法对110例X线平片和CT扫描确诊为脊柱骨折的病例进行对照分析.结果110例中椎体骨折共133个,X线侧位片PVBL线67例呈光滑,43例有不同程度异常.CT扫描诊断稳定性骨折53例,不稳定性骨折57例,椎管无狭窄11例,狭窄19例.结论脊柱外伤性骨折影像诊断应注重常规X线平片和CT扫描检查的互补作用.X线片仍是首选检查方法,有利于多个椎体连续或跳跃性同时骨折的检出,发现有椎体骨折均应做CT扫描,以判断骨折的稳定性与并发症情况,有利于临床及时正确处理.     

脊柱爆裂性骨折的X线与CT对比(附86例分析)

脊柱严重的创伤,可导致脊髓损伤、截瘫甚至死亡,影像学评价对判定合理的治疗方案具有极大价值。笔者对我院2000年3月~2006年4月经X线和CT检查的86例急性脊柱爆裂性骨折病例进行了回顾性分析,现报告如下。1材料与方法1.1一般资料本组86例中,男75例,女11例,年龄19~74岁,平均年龄46岁。致伤原因:交通事故55例,高处坠落25例,重物砸伤6例,均为受伤后36h内行X线平片及CT检查。1.2方法根据受伤的部位及临床体征摄相应节段脊柱正侧位片。采用西门子Somatom Huan YUE螺旋CT机,仰卧前后位,根据平片显示及临床要求确定CT扫描范围,扫描平面与被检…     

X线和CT在骨盆损伤诊断中的作用及比较

目的：比较X线和CT诊断骨盆损伤部位和稳定性的敏感度，方法：所有59例骨盆损伤病人均进行回顾性研究，均有骨盆前后位x线平片和CT检查，随机任选一名不知道病情的医生进行评估分析，然后由另一组医师对所有影象结合临床再次综合分析，得出病人骨盆损伤伤情和稳定性的正确结论，将两次结果进行比较性研究。结果：前后位平片对所有骨盆损伤的诊断率是66％，其中前环是78％，而CT的诊断率是86％，对骨盆损伤稳定性的评价，前后位平片是74％，出入口位是75％，CT是93％，结论：骨盆前后位X线平片联合CT检查对骨盆损伤位和稳定性的判断具有较高敏感性。     

多层螺旋CT和X线平片检查脊柱爆裂型骨折的临床分析

目的探讨X线平片和CT检查在脊柱爆裂型骨折诊断中的应用价值。方法对82例脊柱爆裂型骨折患者分别采用X线平片和多层螺旋CT检查,比较两种影像学方法在脊柱爆裂型骨折诊断中的应用效果。结果多层螺旋CT在对脊柱爆裂型骨折患者的检查时间和检查费用均明显高于X线平片,且差异具有统计学意义。多层螺旋CT对脊柱爆裂型骨折的检出率(95.12%)明显高于X线平片(53.66%),且差异具有统计学意义。结论 X线平片可作为影像诊断的基础,应结合CT影像,根据各自优点从而做出正确诊断。     

脊柱损伤的CT与X线平片对照研究

目的：进一步探讨CT扫描和X线平片对脊柱损伤的诊断价值及临床意义。方法：对134例脊柱损伤患者的X线平片及CT表现进行分析，脊柱损伤CT分为压缩型、爆裂型、安全带型及骨折脱位型骨折，将椎管受累程度分为Ⅳ度，并将CT表现与X线平片进行了比较分析。结果：134例中，屈曲压缩型骨折64例，爆裂骨折61例，骨折脱位型骨折9例；椎管正常为0度16例、Ⅰ度狭窄30例、Ⅱ度狭窄10例、Ⅲ度狭窄14例。爆裂型、骨折脱位型骨折均累及椎管，X线平片仅发现21例椎体后缘连线不连续。结论：X线平片是脊柱损伤的首选检查方法，CT扫描是全面观察脊柱损伤的重要手段之一。     

X线平片和CT在脊柱骨折诊断中的联合应用价值

目的：评价常规X线和CT扫描二种影像方法在脊柱骨折诊断中联合应用的价值。方法：对120例X线平片和CT扫描诊断为脊柱骨折的病例进行对照分析。结果：120例中椎体骨折共144个，76例X线侧位片椎体后缘连线（PVBL线）光滑，44例有不同程度异常。CT扫描稳定性骨折59例，不稳定性骨折61例，三柱骨折中椎管无狭窄10例，狭窄23例。结论：脊柱外伤性骨折影像诊断应注重常规X线平片和CT扫描检查的互补作用。X线片仍是首选检查方法，有利于多个椎体连续或跳跃性同时骨折的检出，发现有椎体骨折均应做CT扫描，以判断骨折的稳定性与半发症情况，有利于临床及正确处理。     

肠梗阻的腹部X线平片和CT诊断价值对比

目的探讨肠梗阻腹部X线平片和CT诊断价值差异。方法收治肠梗阻患者共80例腹部X线平片和CT影像学资料,比较两种检查方式用于肠梗阻诊断总符合率。结果 CT用于肠梗阻诊断总符合率显著高于腹部X线平片(P0.05);CT用于肠梗阻患者梗阻部位和梗阻原因诊断符合率均显著高于腹部X线平片(P0.05);CT用于肠梗阻诊断图像清晰度和检查舒适度均显著高于腹部X线平片(P0.05);腹部X线平片用于肠梗阻诊断操作简便度显著高于CT(P0.05)。结论 CT图像清晰度及检查舒适度优于腹部X线平片,但腹部X线平片操作更为简便,且价格低廉。     

脊柱损伤的X线平片、CT、三维CT对比分析

目的对100例脊柱外伤患者的X线平片、CT、三维CT三种检查进行对比分析,评估在影像诊断中的价值。方法100例患者均经X线平片,螺旋CT扫描,其中84例(应临床,患者或病情需要)经多平面MPR重建,三维CT成像。结果100例中,X线平片阳性94例,CT阳性98例,而经多平面MPR重建,三维CT成像的84例全部为阳性。结论在脊柱外伤检查中,X线平片是首选检查方法,但CT优于平片,而三维CT是X平片和CT的重要补充。     

脊椎损伤的X线诊断

目的：提高X线诊断脊柱损伤价值的认识。方法：分析158例脊柱骨折的X线表现与CT表现。结果：158例207个椎体骨折中,单纯椎体骨折106例,多个椎体骨折32例,单纯屈曲压缩型133例,爆裂型21例,骨折脱位型4例。结论：X线平片是检查脊柱损伤的基本方法,X线平片表现较难区分单纯屈曲压缩型和爆裂型骨折,侧位片上椎体后缘线不连续（成角、后移）是诊断爆裂型椎体骨折较可靠的征象。CT检查是脊柱损伤必要的补充手段,能明显区分单纯屈曲压缩型和爆裂型骨折,对骨折的分型、判断脊柱失稳、骨性椎管受损,脊髓压迫程度及对制定治疗方案均有重要价值。     

补体受体1型的结构功能及sCR1基因克隆表达的策略

补体受体1型（Complement receptor type 1,CR1）具有外源性及内源性活性,既可灭活组装于非自身细胞膜上的C3/C5转化酶,也可灭活自身细胞膜上形成的C3/C5转化酶。CR1是唯一既对经典,替代及植物凝集素（MBL）3个补体激活途径的,对C3/C5转化酶拥有衰变加速活性,又有辅助1因子裂解C3b和C4b作用的补体调节蛋白。对补体分子的过度活化具有抑制和调节作用,在防治补体介导的缺血再灌注损伤以及异种器官移植超急性排斥反应等疾病具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要综述CR1的结构功能及生物学活性,sCR1基因的克隆与表达及在创伤、缺血再灌注损伤中的应用研究现状。     

Possibilities and limitations of radiology--CT and MRT in cases of tumors of the uterus and ovary

The author describes the present possibilities of computed tomography (CT) and of magnetic resonance (MR) tomography. MR is superior to CT in the visualisation of carcinomas of the cervix and endometrium, especially in the initial stages, whereas in the diagnosis of the spread of tumours (especially the advanced ones) CT yields results similar to those of MR. In carcinoma of the ovary, however, MR has so far not proved to be definitely superior to CT despite the multiplanar visualisation possibilities it offers. It is in fact inferior to CT especially in clarifying the extent of extrapelvic spread. In posttherapeutic diagnostics MR explores new avenues in respect of delineation between scar and recurrence, as initial investigations have shown.     

闭合性喉气管断裂伤的诊断与治疗

目的 提高对闭合性喉气管断裂伤的诊治水平.方法 报告38例闭合性喉气管断裂伤病例的临床资料,其中急性外伤16例,陈旧性外伤22例.对临床易发生的问题进行分析.结果 38例中16例急性喉外伤在24～48小时之间行手术治疗,22例陈旧性喉外伤因其它原因在32～129天后行手术治疗.35例手术成功拔管,3例因喉气管狭窄手术失败不能拔管,均为陈旧期手术患者.结论 对于急性闭合性喉气管断裂伤应根据其病情轻重程度进行早期处理,尽快恢复喉和气管通气功能,预防后遗症及并发症的发生,提高治愈率.     

Science and medicine of canoeing and kayaking

Canoeing and kayaking are upper-body sports that make varying demands on the body, depending on the type of contest and the distance covered. The shorter events (500 m) are primarily anaerobic (2 minutes of exercise), calling for powerful shoulder muscles with a high proportion of fast-twitch fibres. In contrast, 10,000 m events call for aerobic work to be performed by the arms. Such contestants need a high proportion of slow-twitch fibres, and an ability to develop close to 100% of their leg maximum oxygen intake when paddling. In slalom and whitewater contests, the value of physiological testing is somewhat limited, since performance is strongly influenced by experience and the ability to make precisely judged rapid paddling efforts under considerable emotional stress. Paddlers face dangers from their hostile cold water environment; causes of fatalities (drowning, cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation and hypothermia) are briefly reviewed. Medical problems include provision of adequate nutrition and a clean water supply, effects of repeated immersion (softening of the skin, blistering, paronychial infections, sinusitis, otitis), varicose veins (secondary to thoracic fixation) and hazards of exposure to fibreglass and polystyrene in the home workshop. Surgical problems include muscle sprains and mechanical injuries (haemotomas, lacerations, contusions, concussion, and fractures).     

Accuracy of digital and film panoramic radiographs for assessment of position and morphology of mandibular third molars and prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies

OBJECTIVES: To compare the accuracy of digital and film panoramic radiographs for determining (1) the position and morphology of mandibular third molars before surgical removal and (2) the prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies. METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-eight third mandibular molars were available for examination. Position and morphology of third molars observed on film radiographs and on digital panoramic images from five systems (DenOptix, DigiDent, Digora, Dimax2 and Orthophos Plus) were recorded by two observers and were compared with surgeons' findings at the time of the operation (gold standard). One observer further recorded the prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies on both imaging modalities. RESULTS: Few differences were found between the digital and film-based panoramic systems in the assessment of accuracy of position and morphology of mandibular third molars. The prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies determined with the two modalities was roughly similar. CONCLUSION: The five digital panoramic systems evaluated in this study were equally as useful for third molar treatment planning and diagnosis of dental anomalies and pathologies as conventional film-based panoramic radiographs.     

经尿道前列腺汽化切割术的并发症及其防治

目的：分析经尿道汽化切割术治疗前列腺增生（BPH）的常见并发症：方法：回顾性分析经尿道前列腺电汽化切割术（TUEVAP）治疗的BPH 325例的并发症,探讨其常见病因和发生率。结果：术后电切综合征（TURS）1例（0.3％）,包膜穿孔尿外渗1例（0.3％）,膀胱爆裂1例（0.3％）,急性心肌梗塞1例（0.3％）,急迫性尿失禁4例（1.2％）,深静脉血栓形成1例（0.3％）,迟发性出血6例（1．9％）,尿道狭窄6例（1．9％）,膀胱颈缩窄3例（0.9％）。结论：TUEVAP是治疗BPH（包括高危BPH）安全而有效的外科治疗方法,只要加强围手术期各环节的处理,可降低并发症发生率。