移位髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的　探讨移位髋臼骨折的手术方法。方法　对 38例髋臼骨折按不同类型不同手术入路分别用加压螺钉、可吸收螺钉 ,普通钢板及重建钢板等予以内固定治疗。结果　随访平均 1 9个月 (6～ 42个月 )。术后未发生伤口感染、坐骨神经或血管损伤及深静脉栓塞。复位情况按Judet方法评估 ,达到解剖复位者 30例 ,复位满意者 5例 ,不满意 3例。按美国矫形外科研究院标准评估疗效 :优 2 3例 ,良 8例 ,可 4例 ,差 3例。结论　开放复位内固定是治疗髋臼骨折较为可靠的方法 ,正确的骨折分型、手术切口的选择是复位成功的关键 ,内固定材料的选择是手术疗效的保证     

复杂髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的 寻求一种能够较好治疗复杂髋臼骨折的手术以期提高手术治疗。方法 对３７例复杂性髋臼骨折按不同类型用加压螺丝、加压空心钉及重建钢板等予以内固定治疗。结果 术后无一例伤口感染及深静脉栓塞发生。复位情况按Ｊｕｄｅｔ等人方方法评估，达解剖复位者２９例，满意复位者６例，不满意复位者２例，所有病例均８～１５月（平均１１个月）的随访。髋关节按Ｈａｒｒｉｓ评分系统进行评估：优１９例、良９例、可５例、差４例，其     

移位髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的：探讨移位髋臼骨折的手术方法。方法：对38例髋臼骨折不同类型不同手术入路分别用加压螺钉、可吸收螺钉，普通钢板及重建钢板等予以内固定治疗。结果：随访平均19个月（6－42个月）。术后未发生伤口感染、坐骨神经或血管损伤及深静脉栓塞。复位情况按Judet方法评估，达到解剖复位者30例，复位满意者5例，不满意3例。按美国矫形外科研究院标准评估疗效：优23例，良8例，可4例，差3例。结论：开放复位内固定是治疗髋臼骨折较为可靠的方法，正确的骨折分型、手术切口的选择是复位成功的关键，内固定材料的选择是手术疗效的保证。     

移位髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨移位髋臼骨折的手术方法。方法对22例髋臼骨折按不同类型、不同手术入路分别用加压螺钉、重建钢板等予以内固定治疗。结果平均随访14个月(5~30个月)。术后发生1例伤口感染和1例坐骨神经牵拉伤,未发生血管损伤及深静脉栓塞。复位情况按Judet方法评估,达到解剖复位者18例,复位满意者4例。按美国矫形外科研究院标准评估疗效,优14例,良5例,可2例,差1例。结论重建钢板内固定治疗移位髋臼骨折是有效的方法,正确的骨折分型、手术切口的选择是复位成功的关键。     

手术治疗复杂性髋臼骨折16例

目的选择一种较为理想的治疗模式及术后并发症的防治以提高手术疗效.方法对16例复杂髋臼骨折按不同类型分别用空心双头螺纹钉、拉力螺钉等予以内固定治疗.主张应用联合切口显露术野.结果全部病例随访0.5～10年,平均6年.复位按Judet方法评估解剖复位11例、满意复位4例、不满意复位1例.髋关节功能按Harris评分系统进行评估优13例,良好2例,差1例.其中股骨头坏死并创伤性关节炎1例,异位骨化7例.结论复杂性髋臼骨折手术治疗是唯一最佳方法.术前准备和切开复位内固定尤其重要.手术无创操作,术后及时有效的药物治疗,主动或被动功能锻炼,是术后防止静脉栓塞、股骨头坏死及创伤性关节炎的较为理想的方法.     

手术治疗复杂性髋臼骨折16例

目的：选择一种较为理想的治疗模式及术后并发症的防治以提高手术疗效。方法：对16例复杂髋臼骨折按不同类型分别用空心双头螺纹钉、拉力螺钉等予以内固定治疗。主张应用联合切口显露术野。结果：全部病例随访0．5－10年，平均6年。复位按Judet方法评估：解剖复位11例、满意复位4例、不满意复位1例。髋关节功能按Harris评分系统进行评估：优13例，良好2例，差1例。其中股骨头坏死并创伤性关节炎1例，异位骨化7例。结论：复杂性髋臼骨折手术治疗是唯一最佳方法。术前准备和切开复位内固定尤其重要。手术无创操作，术后及时有效的药物治疗，主动或被动功能锻炼，是术后防止静脉栓塞、股骨头坏死及创伤性关节炎的较为理想的方法。     

前后联合入路治疗移位的复杂髋臼骨折

目的研究经髂腹股沟入路和Kocher-Langenbeck（K-L）联合切口手术内固定治疗移位的累及髋臼双柱的复杂髋臼骨折的临床疗效。方法分析我院自2003年1月至2008年12月通过前后联合切口手术内固定治疗的38例移位的累及髋臼双柱的复杂髋臼骨折患者。本组患者均获得随访,随访时间6～48个月,平均30个月。术后骨折复位质量、X线表现按Matta标准评估,远期髋关节功能和异位骨化率按D′Aubigne和Brooker标准评估。结果解剖复位29例,满意复位6例,不满意复位3例。髋关节功能优32例,良4例,可2例,优良率94.7%。髂腹股沟入路无一例异位骨化;K-L入路～度异位骨化4例,度异位骨化1例,无一例感染。结论前后联合入路手术内固定治疗移位的累及髋臼双柱的复杂髋臼骨折术中能更好的显露,便于骨折复位,固定稳定,临床效果好,并发症少。     

经前后联合入路治疗复杂髋臼骨折28例分析

目的探讨经髂腹股沟联合K-L,入路治疗复杂髋臼骨折的疗效。方法自1999年7月至2007年6月，采用前后联合入路手术治疗复杂髋臼骨折28例，统计平均手术时间和出血量，术后X线表现按Matta标准评估，远期髋关节功能和异位骨化分别按d’Aubigne和Brooker标准评估。结果平均手术时间3．5h，平均失血量为1000mL。术后以Matta复位标准评价，优18例，良7例，中3例。术后随访6个月～3年，平均16个月。髋关节功能按d’Aubigne标准评定，优19例．良7例。中2例。异位骨化按Brooker标准评定，髂腹股沟人路无一例异位骨化，K—L入路发生异位骨化6例，无一例感染。结论前后联合手术入路有利于复杂髋臼骨折的显露和复位，临床效果好，并发症少     

经联合入路手术治疗难复性双柱型髋臼骨折

目的探讨髂腹股沟联合Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路治疗难复性双柱型髋臼骨折的疗效。方法自1990年3月～2001年7月,采用髂腹股沟联合K-L入路手术治疗难复性双柱型髋臼骨折66例,男39例,女27例;年龄19～56岁,平均37岁。其中交通伤40例,坠落伤22例,压砸伤4例。统计患者的平均手术时间和出血量,对术后骨折复位质量和远期X线表现分别按Matta和Epstein标准评估,远期髋关节功能和异位骨化分别按dAubigne和Brooker标准评估。结果所有患者平均手术时间为4h,平均失血量为1400ml。其中解剖复位者57例(86%),满意复位者6例(9%),不满意复位者3例(5%)。术后随访2～13年,平均6年,临床和X线优良率分别为89%和82%。K-L入路发生BrookerⅢ度异位骨化5例(8%),BrookerⅠ～Ⅱ度异位骨化24例(36%),髂腹股沟入路无异位骨化;髂腹股沟入路术后深部感染1例(1.5%),K-L入路无感染。所有患者均未发生骨不连。结论髂腹股沟联合K-L入路可有效改善难复性双柱型髋臼骨折的显露和复位质量,减少手术时间、出血量及手术并发症。     

累及负重区髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨累及负重区髋臼骨折的手术治疗方法和疗效。方法对16例累及负重区髋臼骨折患者,明确分型后分别采用K-L入路10例、髂腹股沟入路1例、前后联合入路5例,应用重建钢板进行内固定治疗。结果 16例均获随访,时间6～48个月,骨折3～5个月均骨性愈合。术后骨折复位质量按Matta标准评估:解剖复位9例,满意复位6例,不满意复位1例。髋关节功能按D’Aubigne-Postel标准评估:优5例,良8例,可2例,差1例。术后发生创伤性关节炎3例,异位骨化1例。结论术前正确掌握负重区情况及骨折分型、选择恰当的手术时机及入路、术中良好的关节面重建及复位、采用简单有效的固定、积极预防并发症是提高该型骨折疗效的关键。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.