结扎胸导管在食管癌手术中的应用研究

目的总结结扎胸导管预防食管癌术后乳糜胸的经验和方法。方法回顾分析2007年4月～2010年4月实施食管癌切除术75例,术中行胸导管结扎48例,未结扎27例。结果结扎胸导管患者无1例术后发生乳糜胸,未结扎患者有7例出现乳糜胸,其中治愈2例,再手术3例,因呼吸衰竭死亡1例;另外经保守治疗治愈患者4例。结论结扎胸导管可有效预防食管癌术后乳糜胸的发生。     

结扎胸导管对食管癌术后患者生命体征影响的研究

目的探讨胸导管结扎能否减轻患者术后生命体征的剧烈变化。方法通过对术前术后患者生命体征的连续监测,所得检测数据相应进行相关检验,分析手术对患者生命体征的影响,探讨预防结扎胸导管是否能减轻患者术后生命体征的剧烈变化。结果手术后第1～5d内,生命体征较术前有很大程度的升高（P=0．0000,P〈0．01）。食管癌患者术中结扎胸导管组术后生命体征与未结扎组比较,有非常显著性差异（P=0．0000,P〈0．01）,结扎组明显低于未结扎组。结论无论结扎或不结扎胸导管,食管癌切除术后患者生命体征变化剧烈,术后高于术前;食管癌切除术结扎胸导管患者生命体征变化程度明显低于不结扎胸导管患者,预防结扎胸导管对于降低术后风险,减少并发症的发生有重要意义。     

尘肺患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化及其意义

选取107例尘肺患者,其中石棉肺47例、矽肺45例、电焊工尘肺15例,单纯尘肺无并发症者53例,并发感染无慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)者41例,并发COPD者30例(其中伴感染19例)。以同期40例健康检查者为对照组。分别空腹抽取静脉血2 ml,采用流式细胞术检测淋巴细胞亚群。与对照组比较,尘肺组外周血中CD3+总T细胞、CD3+CD4+辅助/诱导T细胞及CD3-CD16+CD56+NK三类细胞百分数均降低(P0.05);三种不同类型尘肺之间淋巴细胞亚群比较差异无统计学意义;尘肺并发感染者外周血中CD3+总T、CD3+CD4+辅助/诱导T、CD3+CD8+抑制/杀伤T细胞百分比升高(P0.05);并发COPD组外周血中CD3+总T、CD3+CD4+辅助/诱导T、CD3+CD8+抑制/杀伤T、CD3-CD16+CD56+NK细胞百分比以及CD4/CD8比值均降低(P0.05)。提示尘肺患者淋巴细胞尤其是T淋巴细胞亚群比例变化明显,并发肺部感染者T淋巴细胞亚群比例升高,并发COPD者免疫功能损伤严重。因此,对尘肺患者淋巴细胞亚群进行监测对阐明尘肺发病机制、监测疾病进展和改善预后起到十分积极的作用。     

系统性硬化症患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群分布异常的临床研究

目的研究系统性硬化症(SSc)患者与健康人外周血中CD3~+T淋巴细胞、CD4~+T淋巴细胞、CD8~+T淋巴细胞、CD19~+B淋巴细胞和CD3~-CD16~+CD56~+]NK细胞有无差异及临床意义。方法研究浙江省人民医院2013年12月-2018年10月的36例SSc患者和36例健康体检者的流式抗凝血,采用外周血和荧光标记抗体共同孵育的方法,使用BD FACSCantoⅡ流式细胞仪检测CD3~+T淋巴细胞、CD19~+B淋巴细胞、CD3~-CD16~+CD56~+NK细胞、CD4~+T淋巴细胞和CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群的分布频率。结果 36例SSc患者中CD3~+T淋巴细胞和CD4~+T淋巴细胞频率显著高于对照组(P0.05),CD19~+B淋巴细胞和CD3~-CD16~+CD56~+NK细胞频率显著低于36例对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05),但CD8~+T淋巴细胞频率在36例SSc患者和36例对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CD3~+T淋巴细胞、CD4~+T淋巴细胞、CD19~+B淋巴细胞和CD3~-CD16~+CD56~+NK细胞的免疫紊乱在SSc患者免疫失调中扮演重要作用。     

氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼术后镇痛对食管癌根治术患者T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 观察氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼术后静脉镇痛对食管癌根治术患者T淋巴细胞亚群的影响.方法 择期行食管癌根治术患者40例,随机分为两组:C组(芬太尼组,20例)术后镇痛给予芬太尼20μg、kg+托烷司琼5mg;F组(氟比洛芬组,20例)手术结束前30 min给予氟比洛芬酯50mg,术后镇痛给予芬太尼10μg/kg+氟比洛芬酯100mg+托烷司琼5mg.泵内药物均用0.9%NaCl溶液稀释为100ml,两组静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)泵的设置,背景剂量2ml/h,自控剂量0.5 ml,锁定时间15 min.两组分别在术后12、24、48h进行疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),分别于术前30min(T0)、术后24 h(T1)、术后72h(T2)抽取外周静脉血2ml,检测CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+.结果 两组术后12、24、48h VAS比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组T1时CD3+、CD4+均低于T0时(P＜0.05);F组T2时CD3+、CD4+;高于C组(P＜0.05).C组T2时CD3+、CD4+仍低于T0时(P＜0.05).两组组内、组间CD8+比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)结论氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼用于术后镇痛,减少了术后阿片类药物应用剂量,改善患者细胞免疫功能.     

儿童噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症外周血淋巴细胞亚群分析

[目的]研究儿童噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,HLH)外周血淋巴细胞活性的改变. [方法]选择2005年1月-2009年12月在本院住院的49例确诊为HLH 且为急性期的患儿为病例组,30例健康儿童为对照组,分别抽取外周血,肝素抗凝,采用流式细胞术方法分别检测两组外周血淋巴细胞CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD(16+56)+的表达率. [结果] 病例组CD(16+56)+和CD8+细胞比例显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),CD3+细胞比例高于对照组(P＜0.05),CD4+细胞比例与对照组比较无显著统计学意义(P＞0.05). [结论] NK细胞[CD(16+56)+]和CTL细胞(CD8+)活性的降低对诊断HLH可能具有重要临床意义,T淋巴细胞(CD3+)活性增强对诊断HLH也有一定价值.     

外周血淋巴细胞绝对计数在结直肠癌和食管癌肿瘤进展与治疗前后免疫状态评估的临床应用研究

目的通过回顾性分析结直肠癌和食管癌患者手术前后外周血T淋巴细胞和NK细胞数据,探讨免疫细胞绝对计数对于肿瘤患者疾病监测的临床价值。 方法回顾性分析我院64例结直肠癌和55例食管癌患者手术前后的外周血T淋巴细胞和NK细胞绝对计数与肿瘤病理结果、肿瘤分期的关系,以及动态变化表达结果。 结果(1)结直肠癌Ⅰ期到Ⅳ期患者术前外周血CD3⁺、CD3⁺CD4⁺、CD3⁺CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数均逐渐增加,其中仅CD3⁺CD4⁺、CD3⁺CD8⁺T淋巴细胞数目变化具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后结直肠癌患者各淋巴细胞亚群计数在TNM分期间无显著性差异。(2)食管癌患者术前各TNM分期间的T淋巴细胞亚群计数未见显著差异(P>0.05);术后食管癌患者CD3⁺、CD3⁺CD4⁺、CD3⁺CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数在Ⅰ期和Ⅲ期均有显著性差异(P<0.05),总体表现为随TNM分期,淋巴细胞计数升高。(3)结直肠癌患者术前外周T淋巴细胞亚群计数具有肿瘤分化程度越高其数目越低的趋势,且伴有淋巴结或远处转移患者的术前T细胞数目增加,NK细胞数目降低,但仅CD3⁺CD8⁺T细胞增加有统计学意义(P<0.05);食管癌患者外周T淋巴细胞计数与肿瘤分化程度和肿瘤转移与否均无明显关系。(4)淋巴细胞计数的术前和术后动态分析显示,结直肠癌和食管癌患者外周T细胞亚群和NK细胞数目均表现为术后降低,随后逐渐增高趋势(P<0.05)。 结论结直肠癌与食管癌外周各淋巴细胞亚群计数在TNM分期、肿瘤分化程度及肿瘤转移与否间的临床表现不同;结直肠癌患者可能因机体高肿瘤负荷及低分化肿瘤促进机体免疫反应性T细胞亚群增殖,而抑制NK细胞增生;手术创伤可导致肿瘤患者机体的T淋巴细胞和NK细胞一过性降低。     

胸导管结扎对食管癌术后早期肠内营养支持的影响

目的 了解胸导管结扎对食管癌术后早期肠内营养支持的影响.方法 将收治的220例食管癌患者,采用住院号奇偶数半随机法随机分为实验组（未结扎胸导管）及对照组（预防性低位结扎胸导管）.两组患者均术后第1天始行肠内营养治疗.营养液选用肠内营养液（能全力）.术后第1天鼻饲500 mL、第2天1000 mL、第3天1500 mL左右.观察术后胸液总渗出量,胸液中甘油三脂含量,胆固醇/甘油三脂比值.结果 实验组胸液引流总量明显少于对照组,平均甘油三酯、平均胆固醇以及甘油三脂/胆固醇值显著高于对照组,P＜0.05,具有统计学意义.结论 食管癌根治术中结扎胸导管后,早期肠内营养支持治疗时,胸液中胆固醇、甘油三脂含量增高,胸水总量增多,并发乳糜胸风险增高.     

胃癌术后早期肠内营养对T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

探讨早期肠内营养对胃癌病人术后 T淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响。将 30例胃癌根治术病人随机分成三组 :对照组、肠外营养组 (PN组 )、肠内营养组 (EN组 ) ,分别给予普通静脉输注、肠外营养及肠内营养 8天。术前、术后第 1、3、6、9天以碱性磷酸酶 -抗碱性磷酸酶 (APAAP)法测定 T淋巴细胞亚群 (CD3、CD4、CD8)变化。结果 :对照组和 PN组术后CD3、CD4阳性细胞数及 CD4/CD8比值明显降低 ,CD8阳性细胞数明显升高。EN组术后第 1天 CD3、CD4阳性细胞数及CD4/CD8比值明显降低 ,但自术后第 3天起即开始上升 ,并逐渐恢复至术前水平。术后…     

化疗对乳腺癌患者外周血CD4~+CD25~+CD127~-调节性T细胞的影响

目的观察化疗对乳腺癌患者外周血免疫指标的变化并探讨其影响。方法采用流式细胞术分析129例乳腺癌患者化疗前后CD4+CD25+CD127-调节性T细胞占CD4+T细胞的比率及T淋巴细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD8;B淋巴细胞CD19;NK细胞(CD16+CD56)和CD4/CD8比值的动态变化。结果化疗后的乳腺癌患者CD4+CD25+CD127-调节性T细胞占CD4+细胞比率较化疗前降低,T淋巴细胞亚群中CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8增高,CD8、NK和CD19降低;乳腺癌患者外周血调节性T细胞的数量与临床分期和组织分化程度相关。结论乳腺癌患者化疗后调节性T细胞的数量降低,免疫调节抑制功能下降,免疫功能得到提高,但体液免疫及NK功能未见提高。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.