动脉栓塞治疗产后出血的临床应用研究

目的评价经导管动脉栓塞术(TAE)治疗产后出血的血管造影表现及疗效。方法65例产后出血患者采用右股动脉Seldinger's穿刺技术,选择性插管至双侧髂内动脉或子宫动脉,行数字减影血管造影(DSA)明确出血原因、部位后用庆大霉素浸泡过的明胶海绵颗粒或条栓塞。结果插管成功率100%,手术时间30～60min,平均45.2±4.8min,术后止血总有效率98.46%。术后随访3～60个月,均无严重并发症发生,子宫体按期复旧,转经后月经正常。结论TAE创伤小,疗效快速肯定,对危及生命的产后出血是一种有效的治疗措施。     

输尿管动脉栓塞在难治性产后出血介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨输尿管动脉向子宫供血的特点及其在介入栓塞治疗难治性产后出血中的临床应用价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析3例难治性产后出血的盆腔侧支血管数字减影血管造影(DSA)表现及经动脉栓塞(TAE)止血情况.结果 3例患者均有输尿管动脉参与子宫供血,其中2例起源于髂外动脉,1例起源于子宫动脉和髂外动脉,将其栓塞后产后出血得到有效控制.结论 输尿管动脉是参与子宫供血的重要侧支血管;输尿管动脉参与子宫供血是单纯子宫动脉/髂内动脉栓塞后止血效果不佳的重要原因之一.     

超选择性动脉插管栓塞对产科大出血的治疗和预防

目的探讨经导管动脉栓塞术(TAE)治疗和预防产科大出血的疗效及安全性。方法产科大出血或有大出血风险的病例17例(其中已出现大出血病例14例),包括产后或流产术后出血10例,葡萄胎出血4例。3例预防性栓塞,包括胎盘前置2例,宫颈妊娠1例。选择性插管至双侧子宫动脉或髂内动脉,行DSA明确子宫血管情况,以直径1～3mm明胶海绵颗粒及明胶海绵条或聚乙烯醇(PVA)栓塞,部分病例经子宫动脉灌注甲氨喋呤(MTX)。结果插管成功率100%,14例大出血病例栓塞后活动性出血停止,手术成功,1～5d后阴道内完全无流血。3例预防性栓塞患者,栓塞后行引产术,1例发生大出血,2例未发生大出血。结论TAE创伤小,疗效快速肯定,且并发症少,对产科大出血是一种有效的治疗措施,对有大出血风险的病例预防应用可降低大出血或死亡的风险。     

经导管动脉栓塞术在经尿道前列腺电切后出血中的应用

目的评价经导管动脉栓塞术(TAE)在治疗良性前列腺电切后难治性出血中的疗效和预后。方法 2009年2月至2011年12月收治7例良性前列腺增生患者,行经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)后出现严重血尿,保守治疗无效,行数字减影血管造影(DSA)及TAE栓塞出血靶血管。结果 7例患者DSA造影均发现活动性动脉出血,在TAE栓塞靶血管后出血停止。术后未出现相关并发症,随访3个月,未再有血尿。结论 TAE是治疗TURP术后严重出血的一种安全有效的方法。     

难治性妇产科大出血栓塞治疗的临床应用

目的:探讨难治性妇产科大出血介入栓塞治疗的临床价值和意义。方法:47例难治性妇产科大出血患者,包括产后宫缩乏力、引产后大出血、宫颈妊娠、子宫切除术后残端出血、宫颈鳞癌等。处于失血性休克状态35例,出现弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)9例。采用Seldinger技术行右股动脉穿刺插管双侧髂内动脉造影后,行双侧髂内动脉栓塞,栓塞剂为明胶海绵。结果:44例经一次栓塞后成功止血,手术时间30～65min,平均45 min。1例子宫切除术后大出血经三次栓塞后成功止血,1例经一次栓塞后仍有活动性出血行子宫切除术,1例经两次栓塞后仍有活动性出血行子宫切除术。结论:介入栓塞治疗妇产科大出血是一种有效、迅速、安全的止血方法。     

妇产科难治性出血超选择动脉插管栓塞治疗临床观察

目的：总结16例严重子宫出血介入栓塞治疗的疗效，评价动脉超选择动脉插管栓塞术在妇产科难治性出血治疗中的价值。方法：采用Seldinger技术对16例妇产科难治性出血患者，经皮股动脉穿刺，双髂动脉置管或超选择插管，应用数字减影血管造影（DSA）技术，明确出血部位后，以明胶海绵颗粒、丝线段或无水酒精栓塞。栓塞后再造影直至靶动脉血流停滞为止。结果：16例患者中栓塞髂内动脉6例，栓塞子宫动脉10例，均一次栓塞止血成功，无1例并发症，随访3－69月，均无复发及并发症。结论：应用动脉插管栓塞治疗妇产科难治性出血快捷、彻底、安全可靠、疗效肯定、并发症少，值得临床推广。     

应用Embosphere微球栓塞治疗难治性鼻出血

目的研究Embosphere微球在颈外动脉栓塞治疗难治性鼻出血中的价值。方法 2009年12月至2011年12月对27例难治性鼻出血患者行Embosphere微球栓塞治疗,在予选择性颈外动脉造影后,用导管超选择插至病变动脉,注入Embosphere微球栓塞病变区供血动脉血管床,观察治疗有效率及并发症情况。结果 27例患者均栓塞成功,栓塞后出血停止或明显减少,治疗成功率100%,其中即刻止血22例(81.48%),1～3 d出血停止5例(18.52%)。27例中15例(55.56%)术后出现颜面部麻木、肿痛、张口受限等轻度并发症,无严重并发症发生,随访2～26个月,2例(7.41%)复发出血。结论 Embosphere微球在颈外动脉栓塞治疗难治性鼻出血安全、有效。     

双侧子宫动脉栓塞术对预防和治疗产后出血的临床应用价值

目的：探究双侧子宫动脉栓塞术对预防和治疗产后出血的临床应用价值。方法54例出现难治性产后出血患者（治疗组）及40例具有产后出血高危因素的患者（预防组）均进行双侧子宫动脉栓塞术,观察疗效及出现的不良反应等。结果治疗组产妇治疗前已出现产后出血,出血量1100～4300 mL,平均2100 mL,辅助性背带缝合3例,宫腔填纱13例;预防组产妇出血量为210～490 mL,平均370 mL,所有患者均未发生产后出血;栓塞术后52例患者均有效,有效率96.3％,患者术后均未出现不良反应。结论双侧子宫动脉栓塞术是一种安全有效且不良反应小的治疗手段,对产后大出血高危因素患者有预防作用,是治疗难治性产后出血的有效方法。     

经导管动脉栓塞术治疗纵隔出血4例

目的 探讨经导管动脉栓塞术(TAE)治疗纵隔出血的临床应用价值.方法 收集采用TAE术治疗的4例纵隔出血患者临床资料.术前作胸部CT平扫或增强检查,治疗时先行主动脉造影并探寻出血动脉,用微导管超选择至出血动脉后分别用明胶海绵、聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒或两者联合作栓塞,术后胸部CT平扫观察栓塞治疗效果并进行随访.结果 术前CT检查确定4例患者均为纵隔出血.术中经主动脉造影和探寻出血动脉发现,4例患者出血分别源自右侧第5肋间动脉纵隔分支、左侧支气管动脉分支、胸主动脉的食管动脉纵隔分支及左膈下动脉纵隔分支,给予明胶海绵及PVA颗粒后造影见对比剂外溢及动脉瘤征象消失.术后复查胸部CT显示4例患者纵隔血肿范围均缩小,随访6个月时3例未发生再出血,1例术后2个月病死于原发病.结论 TAE术治疗纵隔出血具有创伤小、止血直接迅速、疗效确切等优点,为临床治疗提供了一种新手段.     

自发性肝癌破裂出血的急诊动脉栓塞治疗

目的评价自发性肝癌破裂出血急诊动脉导管栓塞(TAE)治疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析1997年9月-2005年9月的16例自发性肝癌破裂出血急诊TAE治疗过程。16例患者中6例伴有低血容量性休克。结果16例患者急诊TAE治疗均止血成功,成功率100%。从肿瘤破裂出血引起失血性休克或发现血性腹水到TAE治疗结束时间为1.5～5h,平均3.6h,其中3例为1.5h。TAE止血治疗后每例患者进行了2～6次动脉导管化疗栓塞(TACE),平均3.7次,结合CT导引肿瘤内无水乙醇注射(CT-PEI)5～9次/例,平均6.8次/例;3例未再进行介入及外科治疗;1例TAE术后3d进行了肝移植手术。平均生存时间为14.3个月。结论急诊栓塞是治疗自发性肝癌破裂出血安全有效的手段。在TAE止血后对肿瘤进行TACE联合CT-PEI治疗取得了良好的效果。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.