SYNTAX积分评估冠状动脉2支病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后预后的研究

目的评价SYNTAX积分对冠状动脉2支病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后临床预后的预测价值。方法行经皮冠状动脉介入术的冠状动脉2支病变的冠心病患者156例,根据冠状动脉造影结果按SYNTAX积分系统进行评分,并依据SYNTAX积分分为低分组（SYNTAX积分≤22分）65例、中分组（SYNTAX积分为23-32分）49例和高分组（SYNTAX积分≥33分）31例。观察3组临床主要不良心脑血管事件（major adverse cardiac and cerebral event,MACCE）发生率,采用Cox比例风险模型分析SYNTAX积分与冠状动脉2支病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入术术后MACCE发生的关系。结果 145例患者完成随访,随访率92.9%,随访时间（15.8±5.2）个月;所有患者SYNTAX积分为10-51（25.3±10.7）分;低分组、中分组和高分组患者经皮冠状动脉介入术术后MACCE发生率分别为4.6%、10.2%和22.6%,组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;多因素分析结果显示SYNTAX积分是冠状动脉2支病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入术术后MACCE发生的独立预测因素（HR=1.05,95%CI：1.01-1.09,P=0.017）。结论SYNTAX积分对冠状动脉2支病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入术术后的临床预后有预测意义,SYNTAX积分增加,临床MACCE发生率升高。     

主动脉内球囊反搏支持下急性心肌梗死的急诊介入治疗

目的探讨主动脉内球囊反搏支持下的急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者行急诊介入治疗的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析浙江大学医学院附属第2医院2005年9月至2007年2月确诊急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克,在主动脉内球囊反搏支持下行急诊介入治疗的患者27例,观察血流动力学改变、急诊介入治疗特点、住院期间及术后1个月的病死率、主要心脏不良事件、心功能恢复状况。结果应用主动脉内球囊反搏30min后血流动力学即开始改善,2～6h达血流动力学稳定。27例患者在主动脉内球囊反搏支持下均成功完成急诊介入治疗,无术中死亡,住院期间死亡2例,随访1个月死亡1例。术后1个月的左室射血分数和室壁运动评分均较术后第1天显著改善。结论主动脉内球囊反搏支持下的急诊介入治疗能显著提高急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者的生存率,显著改善心肌梗死后的心功能状态。     

缺血后处理对急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗后心肌组织水平灌注的影响

目的研究缺血后处理对急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗后冠状动脉血流速度及预后的影响。方法选取12h内接受急诊冠状动脉介入治疗的心肌梗死患者92例,分为两组:单纯再灌注组和缺血后处理组,测定校正TIMI帧数(CTFC)、血肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、丙二醛(MDA),术后8周测定室壁运动记分。结果缺血后处理组CTFC明显高于单纯再灌注组[(25.38±5.35)vs29.23±5.54,P<0.05];CK与CK-MB峰值明显低于单纯再灌注组[(1236.57±813.21)U/Lvs(1697.36±965.74)U/L,P<0.05;(116.92±75.83)U/Lvs(172.41±92.64)U/L,P<0.05];缺血后处理组术后各时点MDA水平均低于单纯再灌注组。术后8周缺血后处理组室壁运动恢复优于单纯再灌注组[(1.20±0.22)vs(1.32±0.25),P<0.05)]。结论缺血后处理可以改善介入治疗后冠状动脉血流速度,减少自由基的生成,改善心功能。     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后微循环障碍的预测价值

目的基于微循环阻力指数（IMR）探讨ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）和直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后微循环障碍的关系。 方法选择2016年1月至2018年12月期间苏北人民医院收治的50例急性STEMI患者为研究对象,将患者分为低NLR组（NLR ≤ 6.17,25例）和高NLR组（NLR > 6.17,25例）。比较两组患者的临床资料、冠状动脉病变情况、介入治疗方案及直接PCI术后IMR值,并采用Pearson相关分析NLR与直接PCI术后IMR的相关性。 结果低NLR组和高NLR组患者糖尿病病史（7/25 vs. 15/25,χ² = 5.195,P = 0.023）、高血脂病史（7/25 vs. 14/25,χ² = 4.023,P = 0.045）、中性粒细胞计数[6.33（4.04,6.66）× 10⁹/L vs. 7.90（7.23,12.09）× 10⁹/L,H = 18 716.000,P < 0.001]、淋巴细胞计数[1.85（1.37,2.56）× 10⁹/L vs. 0.87（0.78,1.03）× 10⁹/L,H = 29 710.000,P < 0.001]、发病-球囊扩张时间[227.00（180.00,390.00）min vs. 360.00（270.00,435.00）,H = 25 199.500,P < 0.001]及直接PCI术后IMR值[（29.9 ± 2.7）vs.（40.4 ± 1.7）,t = 16.307,P < 0.001]比较,差异均有统计学意义。Pearson相关分析显示,NLR与IMR具有正相关性（r = 0.676,P < 0.001）。进一步简单线性回归分析示,患者NLR与直接PCI术后微循环障碍的发生有关（R² = 0.457,P < 0.001）。 结论STEMI患者入院时,较高的NLR水平与直接PCI术后严重的微循环障碍密切相关,对预测STEMI患者直接PCI术后微循环状态有一定的参考价值。     

国产盐酸替罗非班在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中临床应用的研究

目的评价血小板糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂(国产盐酸替罗非班),对S-T段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)冠状动脉再灌注的影响及安全性和有效性。方法选择2004年3月至2006年6月,急诊入院STEMI患者68例,分为试验组(盐酸替罗非班 PCI)37例,对照组(直接PCI)31例;收集所有病例的临床和冠状动脉造影资料,观察PCI术前、术后心肌梗死溶栓治疗在临床试验中用冠状动脉造影评价冠状动脉再灌注的标准(TIMI)中主要不良心血管事件(死亡、新近心肌梗死和顽固缺血状态)、左室射血分数(LVEF)及药物不良反应(出血、血小板减少)。结果试验组于术前应用盐酸替罗非班使PCI前梗死相关动脉(IRA)血流分级提高,与对照组比较,差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);PCI术后两组患者TIMI分级差异无统计学意义,再灌注心律失常低于对照组(5.4%vs 22.6%),住院期间不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率,试验组低于对照组(5.4%vs12.9%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后试验组LVEF高于对照组[(58.2±6.0)%vs(50.4±10.6)%,P<0.05];两组均未发生严重出血并发症(包括大量出血和颅内出血等),出血事件发生率试验组较对照组有增多的趋势但差异无统计学意义(10.8%vs 3.2%,P>0.05)。结论Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体抑制剂盐酸替罗非班可改善STEMI患者梗死相关动脉(IRA)的TIMI血流,血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班联合PCI是STEMI患者急诊PCI安全和有效的再灌注手段。     

临床路径在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨临床路径在经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗中的应用效果。方法将126例PCI患者随机分为实验组和对照组各63例。对照组患者采用PCI常规治疗护理方法,实验组患者采用临床路径方法进行治疗护理,即根据PCI患者病情制订临床护理路径图,由经过统一培训的责任护士从入院到出院全程负责,有计划、有组织地对患者实施治疗及健康指导和护理。结果与对照组比较,实验组的平均住院天数及费用明显减少,患者对护理工作的满意度及健康知识掌握率明显提高(均P<0.05)。结论应用临床路径对PCI患者实施治疗护理,可提高临床治疗护理质量,提高护理人员的健康教育技巧,激励患者参与治疗的积极性,而且可缩短平均住院日,减少医疗费用,增加患者满意度,缓解医护人员与患者的关系。     

Implementation of a clinical nursing pathway for percutaneous coronary intervention: A prospective study

This study is to evaluate the effect of a clinical nursing pathway (CNP) on the clinical outcomes of the transradial approach for emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 118 subjects diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were enrolled in the study. They were randomly divided into a control group receiving conventional nursing and a clinical nursing pathway group. The differences in door-to-balloon time, length of hospital stay, hospitalization cost, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction with nursing care between the two groups were determined and analyzed statistically. Results indicated that the clinical nursing pathway is a more cost-effective care strategy for transradial PCI in the setting of AMI resulting in a reduced door-to-balloon time, less post-operative complications, and improved patient satisfaction.     

Additive prognostic value of the SYNTAX score over GRACE, TIMI, ZWOLLE, CADILLAC and PAMI risk scores in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention

This study evaluated additive prognostic value of the SYNTAX score over GRACE, TIMI, ZWOLLE, CADILLAC and PAMI risk scores in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). All six scores were calculated in 209 consecutive STEMI patients undergoing pPCI. Primary end-point was the major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE—composite of cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke); secondary end point was cardiovascular mortality. Patients were stratified according to the SYNTAX score tertiles (≤12; between 12 and 19.5; >19.5). The median follow-up was 20 months. Rates of MACE and cardiovascular mortality were highest in the upper tertile of the SYNTAX score (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). SYNTAX score was independent multivariable predictor of MACE and cardiovascular mortality when added to GRACE, TIMI, ZWOLLE, and PAMI risk scores. However, the SYNTAX score did not improve the Cox regression models of MACE and cardiovascular mortality when added to the CADILLAC score. The SYNTAX score has predictive value for MACE and cardiovascular mortality in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. Furthermore, SYNTAX score improves prognostic performance of well-established GRACE, TIMI, ZWOLLE and PAMI clinical scores, but not the CADILLAC risk score. Therefore, long-term survival in patients after STEMI depends less on detailed angiographical characterization of coronary lesions, but more on clinical characteristics, myocardial function and basic angiographic findings as provided by the CADILLAC score.     

The independent association of plateletcrit with long-term outcomes in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Purpose

Platelets play a key role in the genesis of thrombosis. Plateletcrit (PCT) provides complete information on total platelet mass. The relationship between PCT values and long-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who undergo primary angioplasty is not known. We sought to determine the effect of PCT values on the outcomes of primary angioplasty for STEMI.

Methods

Overall, 2572 consecutive STEMI patients (mean age, 56.6 ± 11.8 years) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled retrospectively into the present study. Plateletcrit at admission was measured as part of the automated complete blood count. Patients were classified into 2 groups: high PCT (> 0.237, n = 852) and nonhigh PCT (< 0.237, n = 1720). Clinical characteristics and in-hospital and long-term (median, 21 months) outcomes of primary angioplasty were analyzed.

Results

A higher in-hospital shock rate was observed among patients with high PCT values compared with those with nonhigh PCT values (6.5 vs 3.8%, respectively; P = .003). The long-term cardiovascular prognosis was worse for patients with high PCT values (Kaplan-Meier, log-rank test; P = .007). We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between PCT and adverse clinical outcomes. High PCT values were also an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.061-3.22; P = .03).

Conclusion

High PCT values on admission are independently associated with long-term adverse outcomes in patients with STEMI who undergo primary angioplasty.     

Impact of transmural necrosis on left ventricular remodeling and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

We sought to determine which contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) parameter is the best predictor for left ventricular (LV) remodeling and clinical outcomes after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In 135 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for STEMI, CE-MRI was performed at a median of 7 days after PCI. Echocardiography was performed soon after PCI and at a follow-up visit. LV remodeling was defined as an increase in end-diastolic volume index ≥20 % on follow-up echocardiography. Several CE-MRI parameters such as infarct size, transmurality, microvascular obstruction (MVO), and hemorrhagic infarction were tested using a 17-myocardial segment model. Optimal cut-off values were derived from receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Twenty-eight patients (21 %) demonstrated LV remodeling. Although the addition of transmural necrotic segment count, infarct size, and MVO segment count to clinical models improved the prediction of LV remodeling in multivariable regression analysis, transmural necrotic segment count had better incremental predictive value than other CE-MRI parameters. The aggregate consideration of infarct size (cut-off ≥25 %), transmural necrotic segment count (≥5), and MVO segment count (≥2) yielded better diagnostic performance than each of the individual parameters in ROC analysis (P < 0.01). In Kaplan–Meier curve analysis, patients with transmural necrotic segment counts ≥5 had a higher incidence of major adverse cardiac event than did those without. The transmural necrotic segment count is the most important predictor of LV remodeling and clinical outcomes. The combination of CE-MRI parameters including infarct size, transmural necrotic segment count, and MVO segment count appeared to increase reliability for predicting LV remodeling.     

循证护理在冠心病介入诊疗患者围手术期的应用

目的探讨运用循证护理方案指导冠心病介入诊疗（PCI）患者围手术期的护理效果。方法112例择期行冠状动脉介入治疗的患者按入院先后顺序分为对照组（54例）和循证组（58例）。对照组采用常规护理方案,循证组采用循证护理方案。对两组的护理效果进行比较。结果循证组住院期间不良反应及并发症发生率均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论运用循证护理,可提高冠心病介入诊疗术后患者舒适度,预防及减少并发症的发生,提高I临床护理质量。     

Outcomes of a randomised pilot trial of a nurse-led clinic for patients after percutaneous coronary intervention

BackgroundHospitalisation for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Australia is reducing. Patients who undergo PCI may be discharged home without a post-discharge health management plan, referral for secondary prevention, or understand their chronic condition. Subsequently, negative psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression may be experienced in the post-discharge period.ObjectivesThis study assessed the effectiveness of a nurse-led clinic on patients' cardiac self-efficacy and negative psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression 1-week post-PCI discharge.MethodsOne-hundred and eighty-eight potential participants were screened, and 33 participants were block-randomised to study groups. The nurse-led clinic used a person-centred approach and delivered tailored education, health assessment, and post-discharge support. In Phase 1, the Cardiac Self-efficacy Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory measured primary outcomes, while the Cardiac Depression Scale was used to measure secondary outcomes. Phase 2 evaluated participants' experiences and healthcare professionals' perceptions of the intervention through semi-structured interviews.ResultsIn Phase 1, intervention group participants did not show improvements in mental health indicators compared to standard care group participants, except for a moderate reduction in anxiety levels (d = 0.50). Phase 2 qualitative findings; however, highlighted the benefits of the nurse-led clinic.ConclusionsOverall, findings suggest that nurse-led clinics may be valuable to reduce anxiety and act as a supportive measure in the early post-discharge period until commencement of a secondary prevention program. Further research with a more powered sample is needed to determine the significance of the findings.     

主动脉气囊反搏联合急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克

目的研究主动脉气囊反搏（IABP）联合急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）对急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的疗效。方法比较36例患者急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克治疗前后的肺毛细血管楔压（PCWP）、心脏指数（CI）、中心静脉压（CVP）、平均动脉压（MAP）和每小时尿量变化。结果接受IABP联合PCI治疗后,患者的CVP、PCWP较治疗前明显降低,分别为（4．1±4．3）mmHgVS（10．4±6．8）mmHg,（10．5±7．1）mmHgVS（23．6±8．3）mmHg（P〈O．05）,而CI、MAP和每小时尿量均较治疗前明显增加,分别为（2．2±1．3）L·min-1·m-2 VS（1．3±0．9）L·min-1·m-2,（83．4±13．6）mm HgVS（56．8±15．2）mmHg,（44．5±14．9）ml／hVS（12．6±5．4）ml／h（P〈0．05）。结论对于急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克的患者,IABP联合急诊PCI治疗,疗效确切。这对不能开展急诊冠状动脉旁路手术的医院,IABP联合急诊PCI治疗具有特殊的临床意义。     

Comparison of shock index-based risk indices for predicting in-hospital outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine whether the prognostic value of the shock index (SI) and its derivatives is better than that of the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction risk index (TRI) for predicting adverse outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsA total of 257 patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI from January 2018 to June 2019 were analyzed in a retrospective cohort study. The SI, modified shock index (MSI), age SI (age × the SI), age MSI (age × the MSI), and TRI at admission were calculated. Clinical endpoints were in-hospital complications, including all-cause mortality, acute heart failure, cardiac shock, mechanical complications, re-infarction, and life-threatening arrhythmia.ResultsMultivariate analyses showed that a high SI, MSI, age SI, age MSI, and TRI at admission were associated with a significantly higher rate of in-hospital complications. The predictive value of the age SI and age MSI was comparable with that of the TRI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: z = 1.313 and z = 0.882, respectively) for predicting in-hospital complications.ConclusionsThe age SI and age MSI appear to be similar to the TRI for predicting in-hospital complications in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI.     

临床护理路径对冠心病介入治疗的影响

目的 观察临床护理路径(CNP)在冠心病介入治疗中的应用及护理效果。 方法 将280例冠心病介入治疗患者随机分为对照组和实验组,各140例。实验组实施临床护理路径,对照组按传统的护理模式进行护理。 结果 实验组介入治疗后局部血肿、尿潴留、便秘、睡眠困难明显低于对照组;住院时间、住院费用明显少于对照组,而患者健康教育达标率和对护理工作的满意度评分均明显高于对照组。 结论 实施临床护理路径能够减少冠心病介入治疗患者的并发症及负性效应,减轻患者的经济负担,提高患者的相关知识水平及对护理工作的满意度。