心脏彩色超声检查在招飞体检中鉴别心脏杂音性质的应用

目的探讨彩色超声心动图技术在招飞体检内科中鉴定心脏杂音性质的应用价值。方法比较2005年（未采用心脏彩色超声检查）及2006年（采用心脏彩色超声检查）招飞体检中心脏问题超标的淘汰率，并分析比较2006年因不同原因进行了心脏彩色超声检查的63名学生的淘汰率。结果2005年招飞体检中心脏问题超标的淘汰率为17．41％（233／1338），2006年为12．33％（170／1379），其差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。2006年因心脏杂音超标进行心脏彩色超声检查的46人中20人被淘汰，因心脏其他原因进行检查的17人中2人被淘汰，其淘汰率的差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论心脏彩色超声检查为招飞体检提供了准确、科学的诊断依据，减少了招飞体检中的误淘，提高了招飞体检的质量。     

超声检查在招飞体检中的应用

随着临床辅助检查技术的日益发展，超声检查在招飞体检中的重要性也愈加突显。近几年招飞体检标准中，对腹部脏器的病症作了统一具体量化规定，加强了标准的可操作性。同时，新增了心脏彩超检查，使超声检查涵盖了泌尿、消化、内分泌、心血管、外周大血管等多科。鉴于超声检查在招飞体检中的特殊性和重要性，结合南空2012年的工作情况报告如下。     

招飞体检椎动脉超声检查标准的初步探讨

近年来,随着招飞体检项目的不断完善,是否应该将椎动脉超声检查列入《招收飞行学员体格检查标准》受到了广泛关注。由于适龄人员椎动脉可能存在多种先天性变异,因此,有必要制定适合招飞体检的椎动脉超声检查标准。本文旨在通过对某年度正式招收飞行学员722例的椎动脉超声检查结果进行汇总分析,以对制定招飞体检椎动脉超声检查标准进行初步探讨。     

体检鉴定与航空生理训练

做好健康鉴定工作的几点体会；招飞体检中左心室肥厚的超声心动图诊断标准与功能鉴定；招飞时复查血压的标准和方法的探讨；闪光试验诱发异常脑电图在招飞体检中的应用；招飞体检平衡功能定量测定的研究……     

招飞体检中鼻内窥镜技术的应用

为了将鼻科学的新技术、新知识应用于招飞体检，我们在广空招飞体检复检中，开展了鼻内窥镜检查项目。但目前，我军尚未制定招飞体检鼻内窥镜检查标准。我们在2003年度广空招飞复检中，对208名受检者进行了鼻内窥镜检查，结果如下。     

超声检查在招飞学生胆囊息肉样病变诊断中的价值

胆囊息肉样病变是招飞体检中超声检查淘汰的主要疾病之一.做好胆囊息肉样病变的健康合格鉴定,有利于提高招飞质量,避免漏诊及误诊.因此我们对2001至2012年东北地区招飞学生进行的超声检查资料进行了统计分析. 一、对象与方法 1.对象:参加2001至2012年招飞体检的应届高中生及部分军队、地方大学应届毕业生,均为男性,年龄18～23岁.全部经过眼科、外科、耳鼻喉科(口腔科)、内科和神经精神科检查合格后进入超声检查.     

招飞体检肝脏超声检查1764例结果分析

2009年3月，我们对应届高中毕业生参加招飞体检1764例进行了肝脏超声检查。现分析报告如下。     

超声心动图在招飞体检心脏杂音判定中的应用价值

目的探讨超声心动图在招飞体检心脏杂音判定中的应用价值。方法招飞全面检测中比较2010—2013年采用超声心动图检查与2006—2009年未采用超声心动图检查心脏杂音超标学生内科心脏杂音淘汰率的变化及淘汰结果分析。结果 2006—2009年心脏杂音超标学生淘汰率与2010—2013年超声心动图检查后心脏杂音超标学生淘汰率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。通过超声心动图对心脏杂音超标学生检测后发现,判定为病理性心脏杂音的学生为心脏杂音超标学生的37.8%,其中病理性瓣膜反流89例(48.4%)、左心室假腱索53例(28.8%)、瓣膜狭窄10例(5.4%)、右心房增大10例(5.4%)、房间隔缺损8例(4.3%)、室间隔缺损6例(3.3%)、肥厚性心肌病4例(2.2%)、动脉导管未闭4例(2.2%),病理性瓣膜反流、左心室假腱索是招飞体检中心脏杂音超标学生淘汰的主要原因。结论超声心动图检查为招飞体检心脏问题判定上提供了可靠依据,显著减少了心脏杂音超标学生淘汰率,通过对超声心动图淘汰结果分析为招飞体检心脏检查提供了宝贵经验。     

同视机在招飞体检中的应用

应用同视机对144名参加招飞体检的健康男青年进行了三级视功能检查，并与颜少明研制的《立体视觉检查图》、隐斜计进行了对比检查，结果提示：①招飞体检中仅检查隐斜视难以把关；②立体视觉检查图用于招飞体检不妥；③招飞体检有必要采用同视机检查三级视觉功能。     

民航飞行学员先天性主动脉瓣二叶式畸形10例

2017—2022年首次申请Ⅰ级体检合格证体检时检出的患有主动脉瓣二叶式畸形(bicuspid aortic valve, BAV)的10例民航飞行学员, 分析其超声心动图鉴定结果, 探讨航空医学鉴定中对BAV的医学评估。BAV具有遗传基础且临床症状不典型, 招飞时若不行心脏彩色超声检查容易漏诊, 随着飞行员年龄的增长可能发生并发症, 危及飞行安全。根据《民用航空人员体检合格证管理规则》对10例BAV患者予以飞行不合格结论。建议将心脏彩色超声纳入招飞体检的辅助检查项目, 以减少误招。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.