Ankylos种植系统在上颌窦外提升术同期牙种植中的应用

目的:对Ankylos种植系统在上颌窦提升术同期牙种植中的临床效果进行评价。方法:收集2008年1月至2010年1月期间,对46例上颌后牙区牙齿缺失要求种植的患者,于58侧上颌窦行外提升术,同期植入Ankylos种植体142枚,修复后随访观察1～3年。结果:观察期内142颗种植体,均无松动或脱落,曲面断层片检查种植体周围未见明显骨吸收阴影。结论:Ankylos种植系统应用于上颌窦提升术同期牙种植可获得满意的临床效果。     

上颌窦提升术在重度萎缩上颌骨牙种植中的应用

目的：寻找上颌后牙区骨量不足，种植体易穿上颌窦的解决方法。方法：4例5侧上颌窦行上颌窦底提升、植骨、同期或延期种植体植入要，术后当天1、3、6、12月检查上颌窦与种植体界面结合情况。结果：种植体无松动或脱落，X线显示上颌窦无液平面，种植体周围无阴影。结论：上颌窦提升术可有效解决上颌后部牙缺失后骨量不足，种植易失败的难题。     

Bio-Oss骨粉单独应用于上颌窦提升的临床效果评价

目的:评价单独应用Bio-Oss骨粉完成上颌窦提升并同期或延期进行牙种植的临床效果.方法:收集需要进行上颌窦外提升以完成种植修复的病例资料,单独应用Bio-Oss骨粉完成上颌窦提升,同期或延期植入种植体,通过临床和X线检查评价种植体和移植骨的稳定性.结果:共收集30个病例,完成39侧上颌窦提升.平均植入Bio-Oss骨粉1.3±0.24克.共植入种植体68颗,同期植入45颗,延期植入23颗.平均随访18.5±3.4个月,2颗种植体分别在术后2年和3年因种植体周围炎丧失.其他种植体在最后一次随访中均无明显动度,移植骨高度无显著改变.结论:Bio-Oss骨粉单独应用于上颌窦外提升手术可形成新骨,并具有长期稳定性.     

上颌窦提升植骨同期牙种植的临床疗效

目的 研究上颌窦提升术后同期植入种植体的临床效果.方法 对15例38颗垂直骨量不足的上颌后牙行上颌窦提升植骨同期牙种植,种植体上部结构修复完成后6～36个月定期复查.结果 观察期内,除1颗种植体由于(牙合)力负荷过大松动脱落外,其余种植体与周围组织均形成良好的骨性结合,能行使较好的咀嚼功能.结论 掌握上颌窦提升植骨同期牙种植的适应证和手术技巧,灵活选择种植系统,短期效果良好,长期效果有待追踪.     

上颌窦内提升不植骨同期种植术——3年临床回顾性研究

目的:评价上颌窦内提升不植骨同期牙种植术的临床效果。方法:收集38例上颌窦区域牙缺失患者,采用上颌窦内提升不植骨同期牙种植手术方式,共植入58颗种植体。在植入后6个月、1年和3年随访,统计种植体的成功率以及拍摄全景片测量上颌窦成骨的高度。结果:1年时,1颗种植体未形成骨结合脱落。3年时,另1颗种植体出现松动取出。其余56颗种植体正常行使功能,3年成功率96.6%。受植区平均牙槽骨高度为(5.8±0.2) mm,术后上颌窦内提升高度为(5.1±0.3)mm。上颌窦内种植体周围见新骨形成,6个月平均成骨2.4 mm,1年平均成骨2.8 mm,3年与1年成骨无明显变化。结论:上颌窦内提升不植骨同期牙种植手术方式是可行的,上颌窦黏膜具有潜在的成骨能力。     

超声骨刀在上颌窦内提升术中的应用

目的:探讨超声骨刀在上颌窦底内提升种植术中应用的效果和技术特点。方法:30名患者共36颗上颌磨牙缺失,牙槽嵴顶至上颌窦底之间的剩余骨高度2～8 mm,以超声骨刀行上颌窦底内提升术,同期或延期植入种植体。结果:24名患者植骨同时植入28枚种植体。6例因剩余牙槽骨高度少于5 mm先行上颌窦提升植骨术,6个月后延期植入8枚种植体。平均上颌窦底提升高度为426 mm(213～540 mm)。36个上颌窦提升位点,仅1例出现上颌窦黏膜穿孔,以Bio-Gide胶原膜修补。术后随访未发现种植体周围阴影或快速骨吸收。所有病例随访3～17个月,未见种植体脱落或松动现象。结论:超声骨刀上颌窦内提升术简单易学,避免了开窗式上颌窦提升术的术后反应,降低了上颌窦黏膜穿孔的机率,值得在临床上推广应用。     

上颌窦提升术在种植修复中的应用及疗效

目的:探讨上颌窦提升术在上颌磨牙缺失种植修复术中应用及疗效情况.方法:对上颌磨牙后区牙槽骨严重吸收导致骨量不足15例患者运用上颌窦提升术,人工骨植入术并同期植入BEGO两段式种植体17颗,其中闭合式上颌窦提升术12例.植入种植体13颗,开放颌窦提升术3例,植入种植体4颗.全部病例术后一周和1,3,6个月拍摄下颌骨全景位片检查种植体稳定性及人工骨与种植体愈合情况.结果:17颗种植体无一颗感染及松动,无上颌窦炎症,术后6个月X线示人工骨粉均已改建成新骨,种植体周围无阴影.结论:上颌窦提升术及同期种植体植入术方法可靠,具有良好疗效,可显著扩大牙种植体植入术适应症     

同种异体冻干骨颗粒在上颌窦提升牙种植术中的临床应用

目的：探讨同种异体冻干骨颗粒在上颌窦提升延期或同期种植中的效果。方法：18例上颌牙列缺损,上颌窦底骨量不足,需要行上颌窦底提升植骨的临床病例,其中,5例上颌窦底高度小于5 mm,采用上颌窦开放式提升植骨术,术后9～12月进行延期种植体植入术,6个月后进行冠修复负重;3例介于5～8 mm,上颌窦开放式提升后植骨,同期植入种植体,9个月后行冠修复负重;10例高度在8～12 mm的病例采用上颌窦闭合式提升术（冲顶术）植入冻干骨颗粒,同期植入种植体,6个月后冠修复负重;所有病例均没有即刻负重。结果：所有病例在安装上部结构时骨质有轻微吸收,但种植体牢固,安装上部结构顺利。冠修复后观察最长32个月,患者能按时复查,没有种植体松动,脱落情况发生,效果较好。结论：使用同种异体冻干骨作为上颌窦底提升牙种植的植骨材料同样适用,效果好。     

上颌窦提升术在种植修复中的应用及长期疗效评估

目的评价开放式和闭合式上颌窦提升术应用于种植修复的长期疗效。方法 46例患者,共51侧68颗上颌后牙缺失,接受2种上颌窦提升术并同期植入Rep lace种植体,其中21例26侧行开放式手术植入41颗种植体,25例25侧行闭合式手术植入27颗种植体。随访15～68个月,行疗效评估。结果随访期间,接受上颌窦开放式提升术的21例患者41颗种植体有2颗松动,1颗发生进行性骨吸收,接受闭合式手术的25例患者27颗种植体未见松动、脱落。X线检查显示上颌窦开放式提升术后窦底平均抬高（4.90±0.17）mm,闭合式提升术后窦底平均抬高（3.70±0.62）mm。结论开放式提升术和闭合式提升术均可取得较高的成功率,关键在于适应证的选择和掌握相关手术技巧。     

闭合式上颌窦挤压提升同期人工牙种植修复45例分析

目的：观察使用Summers骨凿或骨挤压器经牙槽嵴顶闭合式抬高上颌窦底、同期植入种植体的临床效果。方法：对41例45侧后牙缺失患者行上颌窦闭合式提升，必要时植自体骨或人工骨，同时植入种植体。结果：45侧上颌窦剩余牙槽骨平均高度为6．8mm(5～9mm)，用骨凿平均提升上颌窦底高度3．5mm(2～6mm)。2侧上颌窦黏膜被钻穿孔，放弃牙种植。其余43侧上颌窦共植入63颗种植体，长度10～15mm。Ⅱ期手术时，5颗种植体松动拔除。追踪12～48个月，修复后1颗种植牙松动拔除，1颗进行性骨吸收，总成功率达88．9％。所有病例均无上颌窦并发症：结论：上颌窦内提升技术较开窗式上颌窦提升创伤小，操作步骤简单，对有适量剩余牙槽骨的上颌窦区种植可以考虑使用；但由于存在窦底黏膜穿孔风险，技术要求高，同时必须有专用的器械，应慎重使用。在严格控制适应证、掌握种植外科技巧的情况下，开展上颌窦内提升技术是可行的，可以取得较高的成功率。     

上颌窦底外提升植骨术49例牙种植的临床分析

目的:观察比较上颌窦底外提升植骨术同期或延期牙种植的临床效果.方法:对2003-04-2009-12在烟台市口腔医院种植中心就诊的49例行上颌窦底外提升植骨术,同期或延期牙种植的患者进行临床效果评价,随访观察时间为1～7年,采用寿命表法及x2检验进行统计学分析.结果:49例患者无1人失访,上颌窦底外提升植骨术同期牙种植...     

Bio-Oss骨粉在上颌窦提升牙种植术中的临床应用

目的：评价上颌窦提升，植Bio-Oss骨粉在上颌后牙种植的方法和效果。方法：对11例牙槽骨高度不足的上颌后牙种植进行上颌窦提升，植Bio-Oss骨粉，同期种植7例，延期种植4例。结果：6个月后，X线片显示Bio-Oss骨粉改建形成了新骨，增加了牙槽骨高度，满足了种植要求，7例同期种植可见种植体与Bio-Oss诱导的新骨形成紧密的骨性结合，种植体植入9个月后进行二期修复。结论：Bio-Oss骨粉植入提升上颌窦增加了上颌后牙区的牙槽骨高度，拓展了种植的适应证，免疫除了自体取骨手术，方法简单，值得临床推广。     

牙周炎患者上颌窦提升术同期牙种植的临床观察

目的：对牙周炎患者行上颌窦内提升术同期植入种植体的临床效果进行评价。方法：收集2007年7月～2013年7月因上颌后牙缺失的慢性牙周炎患者25例,行单纯上颌窦内提升术并同期植入种植体43枚,修复后随访观察6～70个月。结果：观察期内种植体总留存率97．67％,窦底提升高度≥6mm者种植体留存率为94．44％。42枚种植体成功负载,无松动或脱落。所有牙周炎患者在随访期内均未发生上颌窦炎症,曲面断层片显示种植体根尖部与窦底之间可见新骨生成,种植体周围骨整合良好,窦底提升后上颌窦底至牙槽嵴顶的骨量明显增加。种植体周围软组织健康,无炎症,牙周探诊龈沟出血指数（SBI）0—1度。结论：对剩余骨高度不足的慢性牙周炎患者,上颌窦内提升术同期植入种植体可获得满意的临床效果。     

上颌窦提升植骨在上颌后牙区种植术的临床应用

目的评价上颌窦提升、植入上颌结节自体骨加Bio-Oss骨粉在上颌后牙种植的方法和效果。方法对5例上颌后牙区垂直骨量不足患者行6侧上颌窦提升,植入上颌结节自体骨加Bio-Oss骨粉,同期种植体植入。结果6个月后X线片显示植骨区改建成新骨,种植体无松动脱落,与周围组织形成良好的骨性结合。结论上颌结节自体骨加Bio-Oss骨粉植入,提升上颌窦拓展了种植的应用范围。     

上颌窦外提升在口腔种植术中的应用

目地：探讨上颌窦外提升术在口腔种植手术中的应用,以扩大口腔种植术的适应证。方法：2007年5月-2012年12月对41例患者,通过上颌窦外提升术同期或延期植入86枚Itl种植体,使用Bio—Oss人工骨作为骨移植材料,采用非埋入式种植技术。结果：41例患者中2例发生上颌窦黏膜破裂,86枚种植体均完成种植修复,随访至2012年底,种植修复体无松动脱落,临床修复效果满意。结论：上颌窦外提升术可以扩大口腔种植的适应症。     

Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation Surgery with Autogenous Bone Grafts as Ceiling: A Pilot Study and Test of Principle

Background: Studies have pointed out that the mere elevation of the maxillary sinus membrane might suffice to allow for bone formation indicating the additional use of augmentation materials to be redundant. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess whether elevation of the sinus mucosal lining combined with applying an autologous bone graft as a ceiling and placement of a short implant would allow for bone formation around the implant thus surpassing the need for applying augmentation materials around the installed implants. Materials and Methods: Fourteen consecutive patients were subjected to maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery and simultaneous placement of an implant. Using the lateral bone‐wall window technique, the membrane was exposed and elevated. Next, a bone graft taken from the zygomatic rim was placed as a ceiling above the inserted implant to ensure that the sinus membrane would not collapsed around a significant part of the implant. Finally, the bone window was returned in place. After connecting the healing abutment, the wound was closed. Results: All implants were stable and no implants were lost. There were no complications after harvesting the bone graft. Radiographic evaluation showed a bone gain of 3.2 ± 0.9 mm after 3 months and 3.6 ± 0.9 mm after 1 year. Less than 6% of the implant was not covered by bone after 1 year. Conclusion: Maxillary sinus membrane elevation and simultaneous placement of short endosseous implants with a bone graft as a ceiling on top of the implant result in predictable bone formation around the implant and good osseointegration on radiographs.     

Maxillary sinus augmentation using different grafting materials and dental implants in monkeys

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically, histologically and histometrically the use of anorganic bovine bone matrix (i.e. Bio-oss®) as a grafting material for maxillary sinus augmentation procedures. In 4 adult male rhesus monkeys (i.e. Mucaca mulattu) the 1st 2nd and 3rd maxillary molars on one side of the jaws were extracted. The remaining bone between the alveolar crest and the bottom of the sinus was then reduced to 3–4 mm. After 3 months, maxillary sinus augmentation procedures were performed on one side of the jaws in each monkey and the sinuses were grafted with the bovine bone matrix. At that time, 2 IMZ pure titanium plasma coated implants were immediately placed into the augmented sinuses (i.e. simultaneous implants-loaded group). After 4 months, 2 additional similar implants were placed into these previously augmented sinuses (i.e. delayed implants-loaded group). Four months later, the abutment connection was performed and all 4 implants were loaded with a gold-alloy bridge for 6 months (i.e. until sacrifice of the animals). The contralateral side of each monkey received the same treatment with the exception that the extractions were performed 7 months after those in the opposite side and that the implants in this side were not loaded. Thus, 2 additional study groups (i.e. simultaneous implants-unloaded group and delayed implants-unloaded group) were obtained. Clinically, all loaded implants were stable at the day of sacrifice. Histologically, the grafted sinuses exhibited significant bone formation with integration of the bovine bone matrix particles to the new bone. Direct mineralized bone-to-implant contact was greater for the delayed implant placement groups than for the implants installed simultaneously with the sinus augmentation. Furthermore, the percentage of direct mineralized bone-to-implant contact was greater in the residual bone than in the augmented area. It was concluded that the anorganic bovine bone matrix facilitated bone formation and implant osseointegration in the augmented sinuses and that the delayed implant placement in combination with the sinus augmentation procedure seemed to be preferable.     

Maxillary sinus augmentation using different grafting materials and dental implants in monkeys. Evaluation of autogenous bone combined with porous hydroxyapatite.

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically, histologically, and histometrically the use of autogenous bone combined with porous hydroxyapatite (Interpore 200®) as a grafting material for maxillary sinus augmentation procedures. In 4 adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) the 1st, 2nd and 3rd maxillary molars on one side of the jaws were extracted. After a healing period of 3 months. maxillary sinus augmentation procedures were performed in each monkey, and the sinuses were grafted with autogenous bone from the monkeys' tibia mixed in a 3:1 ratio with porous hydroxyapatite. At the same time. 2 pure titanium plasma-sprayed IMZB cylinder implants were immediately placed into the augmented sinuses (i.e. simultaneous implants-loaded group). After 4 months, 2 additional similar implants were placed into the previously augmented sinuses (i.e. delayed implants-loaded group). Four months later, the abutment connection was performed and all 4 implants were loaded with a gold-alloy bridge for 6 months (i.e. until sacrifice of the animals). The contralateral side of each monkey received similar treatment with the exception that the extractions were performed 7 months after those in the opposite side and that the implants were not loaded. Thus, 2 additional study groups (i.e. simultaneous implants unloaded group and delayed implants unloaded group) were obtained. Clinically, all loaded implants were stable at the day of sacrifice. Histologically, the grafted sinuses exhibited a significant amount of new bone formation. The porous hydroxyapatite granules appeared integrated with the newly formed bone. Histometric analyses revealed that delayed implant placement resulted in a greater amount of direct mineralized bone-to-implant contact in the augmented area than the simultaneous implant placement. Furthermore, the percentage of direct mineralized bone-to-implant contact was far more significant in the residual bone than in the augmented area. It was concluded that the autogenous bone/porous hydroxyapatite graft combination enhanced bone formation and mineralized bone-to-implant contact in the augmented sinuses and that the delayed implant placement may be favorable for sinus augmentation procedures.     

2种上颌窦提升术在牙种植中的应用

目的：比较2种上颌窦提升术同期植入种植体的临床疗效.方法：采用2种上颌窦提升技术,对31例42颗垂直骨量不足的上颌后牙行上颌窦提升术及同期种植体植入术.术后1、3、6个月检查上颌窦及种植体骨结合情况.结果：无种植体松动、脱落及上颌窦炎发生,X线检查种植体与周围组织均形成良好的骨性结合,术后6个月完成义齿修复.经6～36个月随访观察,临床效果良好.结论：掌握适应证和手术技巧,2种上颌窦提升术同期植入种植体的临床疗效均良好.