多层螺旋CT评价主动脉瓣钙化与冠状动脉斑块性质相关性研究

目的 探讨256层iCT评价主动脉瓣钙化（AVC）与冠状动脉斑块性质的相关性。方法 收集可疑冠状动脉性心脏病患者223例,行冠状动脉CTA（CCTA）。根据有无AVC将患者分为AVC组（n=55）和对照组（n=168）,将冠状动脉斑块分为钙化斑块（CP）、非钙化斑块（NCP）、混合斑块（MP）,并进行统计学分析。结果 AVC组与对照组CP、MP检出率、严重狭窄发生率、冠状动脉钙化积分和冠状动脉病变节段数的差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,而NCP检出率和多支血管病变发生率差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示AVC与CP、MP、多支病变和严重狭窄的发生均存在独立相关性（OR=3.53、3.51、3.13、5.80,95%CI:1.66~7.50、1.59~7.79、1.45~6.77、2.30~14.60,P均<0.05）,而与NCP的发生无相关性（P>0.05）。结论 AVC与冠状动脉CP和MP的发生独立相关,且AVC的出现多提示冠状动脉病变累及范围更广、更严重。     

糖尿病和无糖尿病患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块范围和组成的320排冠状动脉CT造影评价

目的：评估糖尿病和无糖尿病患者320排冠状动脉 CT 造影（CCTA）冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块范围和组成的区别。方法比较由于胸痛和冠心病的筛查而接受320排CCTA 检查的108例糖尿病患者[平均年龄（57.0±9.9）岁,64.8%为男性]和246例无糖尿病患者[平均年龄（55.0±12.3）岁,62.2%为男性]的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块[总斑块,钙化斑块（CP）,非钙化斑块（NCP）和混合斑块（MP）]。斑块的范围是指存在斑块节段数的连续变量。结果与无糖尿病患者比较,糖尿病患者单支血管病变发生率低（41.7%vs.72.0%,P=0.012）,而2、3、4支血管病变发生率高（31.5%vs.19.1%,P=0.043;22.2%vs.8.9%,P=0.031;4.6%vs.0）;糖尿病患者的CP、NCP和MP发生率高（36.1%vs.32.9%,P=0.721;80.9%vs.39.0%,P〈0.001;74.1%vs.35.4%,P=0.009）和总斑块、CP、NCP和MP范围发生率亦高[（4.88±3.91）个节段vs.（1.76±2.87）个节段,P〈0.001;（1.62±1.71）个节段vs.（0.55±1.83）个节段,P=0.039;（2.34±2.25）个节段vs.（0.78±1.65）个节段,P=0.019;（2.51±2.33）个节段vs.（0.97±1.54）个节段,P=0.026]。另外,糖尿病患者有着高的冠状动脉单发狭窄（34.3%vs.9.8%,P=0.047）和显著高的多发狭窄（21.3%vs.8.5%,P〈0.001）。结论与无糖尿病患者比较,糖尿病患者有较高的多支血管病变、单发和多发狭窄发生率以及高的总斑块、CP、NCP和MP负荷。预示有更高发生急性冠状动脉事件的可能性。     

Association of serum total bilirubin levels with the severity, extent and subtypes of coronary atherosclerotic plaques detected by coronary CT angiography

In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether serum total bilirubin was associated with the severity and morphology of coronary atherosclerotic plaques detected by computed tomography angiography (CTA). The study population consisted of 1,115 patients (55.2 % men) who underwent dual-source 64-slice CTA for the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Coronary arteries were evaluated on 16 segment basis and critical coronary plaque was described as luminal narrowing >50 %, whereas plaque morphology was assessed on per segment basis. Serum bilirubin levels were determined using commercially available assay kits. The critical atherosclerotic lesions were detected in 431/1,115 (38.6 %) subjects by CTA. Serum total bilirubin levels were found to be lower in patients with any coronary plaque (0.62 ± 0.21 vs. 0.70 ± 0.25 mg/dL, p = 0.002). Also bilirubin level was lower in patients with critical stenosis compared to non-critical stenosis (0.57 ± 0.18 vs. 0.70 ± 0.24 mg/dL, p < 0.001). Subjects having primarily noncalcified plaque (NCP) and mixed plaque (MP) have lower bilirubin levels compared to calcified plaque (CP) and normal subjects (0.62 ± 0.20 for NCP and 0.60 ± 0.19 for MP, 0.65 ± 0.26 for CP and 0.71 ± 0.25 for normal subjects, p < 0.001). This independent association was remained for NCP after multinominal regression analysis (OR: 0.76; 95 % CI 0.58–0.88; p < 0.001). Our study demonstrated that serum bilirubin level was significantly associated with the presence, severity and the noncalcified morphology of atherosclerotic plaques detected by CTA. Further prospective clinical studies are needed to clarify the exact physiopathologic and prognostic role of bilirubin in CAD.     

心包脂肪组织体积与冠状动脉斑块组成的相关性研究

目的：本研究的目的是评估心包脂肪组织（PAT）体积与320排冠状动脉CT造影（CCTA）动脉硬化斑块组成的关系。方法本研究纳入1597例因可疑冠心病而接受320排 CCTA 检查的患者（男1090例,女507例,年龄35～71岁）。其中382例发现存在动脉斑块。我们比较了冠心病和斑块组成[存在斑块、钙化斑块（CP）、非钙化斑块（NCP）、混合斑块（MP）、多支病变和梗阻性狭窄]与无冠心病者的PAT体积。结果单因素分析显示存在CP、NCP、MP及多支血管病变者的PAT体积大于无斑块者[分别为（211.4±93.6）cm3、（233.2±95.0）cm3、（257.3±82.1）cm3及（261.5±101.7）cm3 vs.（173.7±98.1） cm3,P值分别为0.012、0.008、0.004及0.002]。存在梗阻性狭窄者的PAT体积明显大于无斑块者[（279.2±99.81）cm3 vs.（173.7±98.1）cm3,P＜0.001]。在多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析中,只有MP、多支血管病变和梗阻性狭窄者的PAT体积明显大于无斑块者（P＜0.001）。结论存在冠状动脉斑块、CP、NCP、MP、多支血管病变和梗阻性狭窄患者的PAT体积大于无斑块者,PAT体积是冠心病重要的危险因素之一。     

冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块特征和管腔重构的320排CT研究

目的探讨320排冠状动脉CT造影（CCTA）斑块特征和血管重构的预后价值。方法经320排CCTA检查的368例冠心病患者被随访18～28个月,平均（23±5.5）个月。研究终点是发生冠状动脉不良事件（心源性猝死、非致命性心肌梗死和不稳定型心绞痛）。 CCTA分析包括钙化斑块（CP）、非钙化斑块（NCP）和混合斑块（MP）、梗阻性斑块、正性重构（PR）、偏心性斑块。通过手工测量血管横截面积定义重构指数（RI）,RI＝病变处血管横截面积/（病变处近端正常血管面积＋远端血管面积）/2。 RI＞1.10为PR, RI＜0.95为负性重构（NR）。 RI＝0.95～1.10为无重构。结果368例1231个节段被发现存在动脉斑块,包括CP 155个节段（12.6％）、NCP 543个节段（44.1％）、MP 533个节段（43.3％）、梗阻性斑块188个节段（15.3％）、PR 145个节段（11.8％）、偏心性斑块1033个（83.9％）。随访期间,21例（5.6％）发生冠状动脉不良事件。单因素分析显示MP,与未并发冠状动脉不良事件斑块比较,梗阻性斑块、PR、偏心性斑块发生冠状动脉不良事件发病率高（分别是74.9％ vs．42.8％, P＝0.021;95.2％ vs．13.9％, P＜0.001;95.2％ vs．10.3％,P＜0.001;95.2％ vs．83.7％,P＝0.043）。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示仅梗阻性斑块[HR＝5.25（95％CI,2.17～12.69）,P＜0.001]和PR[HR＝5.55（95％ CI,2.10～14.70）,P＜0.001]是发生冠状动脉不良事件的独立预测因素。结论 CCTA表现为梗阻性斑块和PR,独立于其他CCTA高危因素,强烈暗示将来发生冠状动脉不良事件。     

冠状动脉粥样硬化管腔重构与斑块形态的320排CT研究

目的探讨320排冠状动脉CT造影（CCTA）血管重构和动脉斑块形态学的关系。方法纳入经320排CCTA检查的382例冠心病患者。男279例（73.0%）,女103例（27.0%）,年龄36~86岁,平均（58±11）岁。CCTA分析包括阳性重构、钙化斑块（CP）、非钙化斑块（NCP）、混合斑块（MP）、梗阻性斑块、偏心性斑块。通过手工测量血管横截面积定义重构指数（RI）,RI=病变处血管横截面积/（病变处近端正常血管面积＋远端血管面积）/2。RI〉1.10为PR,RI〈0.95为NR。RI=0.95~1.10为无重构。结果 382例1255个节段被发现存在动脉斑块,其中PR 121例（31.7%）148个节段（11.8%）;NR 82例（21.4%）91个节段（7.3%）和无重构179例（46.9%）1016个节段（81.0%）。CP 159个节段（12.7%）、NCP 549个节段（43.7%）和MP 547个节段（43.6%）;梗阻性病变194个节段（15.6%）,非梗阻性病变1061个节段（84.4%）;偏心性斑块1054个节段（84.0%）,同心性斑块201个节段（16.0%）。单因素分析显示PR组MP、非梗阻性病变和偏心性斑块百分率高于NR和无重构组（75.0%、57.1%和40.8%,93.9%、82.4%和83.4%,99.3%、16.5%和87.8%,P值为0.034、0.041、0.044,均〈0.05）。在多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析中,只有偏心性斑块是发生PR的独立因素。结论 CCTA表现为MP、非梗阻性斑块和偏心性斑块,PR发生率高,而偏心性斑块是发生PR的独立因素。     

Grade-response relationship between blood pressure and severity of coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic adults: assessment with coronary CT angiography

Hypertension is known to be a strong risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, severity, and plaque characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis according to grade of blood pressure (BP) using coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in asymptomatic adults. We enrolled 8,238 asymptomatic subjects who underwent coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) and CCTA for health screening purposes. Subjects were classified according to JNC 7 guidelines (normal, systolic BP/diastolic BP < 120/80; pre-hypertension [PH], 120–139/80–89; hypertension stage 1 [H1], 140–159/90–99; hypertension stage 2 [H2], >160/100). Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH; systolic BP > 140, diastolic BP < 80) was additionally categorized. With CCTA, the presence of plaques, severity of stenosis, and plaque types were assessed. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for plaque, obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (luminal stenosis ≥50 %), non-calcified plaque (NCP), and CACS > 100 were assessed according to BP grade. After adjustment for clinical risk factors, the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis, NCP, and CACS > 100 gradually increased from PH stage (all P values for trend <0.05), while the risk of obstructive CAD increased from the H1 stage (AORs of H1 and H2: 1.70 and 2.33, respectively). In the ISH group, the AOR of subclinical atherosclerosis (1.64) was higher than in the H1 group (1.55), while the AOR of obstructive CAD (2.58) was higher than in the H2 group (2.33). Therefore, our study strongly suggests that coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic adults shows a grade-response relationship according to hypertension grade.     

320排 CT 冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉斑块特征与慢性肾疾病分期的相关性研究

目的：评估320排冠状动脉CT造影（CCTA）动脉硬化斑块的特征与慢性肾疾病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）分期的相关性。方法研究纳入151例因可疑冠心病而接受320排CCTA检查的CKD患者,男69例,女82例,年龄18～55岁。根据美国国立肾脏基金会（National Kidney Foundation）的分期将CKD分为5期。比较不同分期CKD患者的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块状况[有无斑块、斑块数、钙化斑块（CP）、单支病变、多支病变、非钙化斑块（NCP）、混合斑块（MP）和梗阻性狭窄]。结果 Pearson 回归分析显示无斑块与CKD分期呈负相关（r＝-0.282,P＝0.44＜0.05）;而存在斑块与CKD分期呈正相关（r＝0.282,P＝0.44＜0.05）。多支病变、斑块数以及CP百分率与CKD分期呈正相关（r＝0.916,0.839,0.819,P＜0.001）。NCP 百分率与 CKD 分期无相关性（r＝0.19,P＝0.089＞0.05）。MP 百分率与 CKD分期呈正相关（r＝0.313,P＜0.05）。梗阻性狭窄与CKD分期呈正相关（r＝0.875,P＜0.001）。结论 CKD分期与存在斑块、多支病变和斑块数、CP、MP以及梗阻性狭窄呈正相关。更晚的CKD分期预示着更广泛更严重的冠心病。     

Significance of noncalcified coronary plaque in asymptomatic subjects with low coronary artery calcium score: assessment with coronary computed tomography angiography

We aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of noncalcified coronary plaques (NCP) using coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and analyze predictors of significant coronary stenosis by NCP in asymptomatic subjects with low coronary artery calcium score (CACS). The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and all patients gave written, informed consent. The presence of plaque, severity of stenosis, plaque characteristics, and CACS were assessed in 7,515 asymptomatic subjects. We evaluated the prevalence and severity of NCP in subjects having low CACS (707 subjects; men with CACS from 1 to 50 and women from 1 to 10) in comparison to those having 0 CACS (6,040 subjects) as the reference standard. Conventional risk factors were assessed for predictors of NCP and significant stenosis by NCP. We also investigated the cardiac events of the patients through medical records. Compared to subjects with 0 CACS, those with low CACS showed higher prevalence of NCP (6.9% vs. 31.5%, P < 0.001) and significant stenosis caused by NCP (0.8% vs. 7.5%, P < 0.001). In the low CACS group, independent predictors for significant NCP included diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (all P < 0.05). However, 47.2% of subjects with significant NCP were classified into the low to intermediate risk according to Framingham Risk Score. At the median follow up of 42 months (range: 3-60 months), cardiac events were significantly higher in the low CACS group compared to the 0 CACS group (2.6% vs. 0.27%, P < 0.001). In asymptomatic subjects having low CACS, the prevalence and severity of NCP were higher as compared to subjects having zero CACS and predictors of significant stenosis by NCP were DM, hypertension and LDL-Cholesterol. Therefore, CCTA may be useful for risk stratification of coronary artery disease as added value over CACS in selected populations with low CACS who have predictors of significant NCP.     

慢性肾疾病患者冠状动脉斑块特征的320排冠状动脉CT造影评价

目的：本研究的目的是评估慢性肾疾病（CKD）患者320排冠状动脉CT造影（CCTA）动脉硬化斑块的特征。方法比较了由于胸痛和冠心病的筛查而接受320排CCTA检查的73例CKD患者[平均年龄（57.0±9.9）岁,64.8%的男性]和73例肾功能正常（NRF）者[平均年龄（55.0±12.3）岁,62.2%的男性]的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块[存在斑块、斑块负荷、钙化斑块（CP）、单支病变、多支病变、非钙化斑块（NCP）、混合斑块（MP）和梗阻性狭窄]。结果单因素分析显示与NRF者比较,CKD患者单支病变发生率低（24.7%vs.45.2%,P＝0.041）,而多支病变发病率明显增高（61.6%vs.6.9%,P＜0.001）,存在斑块发病率高（86.3%vs.52%,P＝0.025）;CKD患者的斑块负荷明显增高（2.81±3.61 vs.0.76±0.87, P＜0.001）;其CP和MP发病率高（分别为53.4%vs.15.1%,P＜0.001,39.7%vs.13.7%,P＝0.036）,而NCP发病率相似（24.7%vs.26.0%,P＝0.868）;另外,CKD患者有着高的冠状动脉梗阻性狭窄（50.7%vs.15.1%,P＝0.014）多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示CKD患者有着明显高的斑块负荷[5.77（95%CI 2.95～14.38）,P＜0.001]和明显高的多支病变和CP发病率[危害比分别为7.47（95%CI 3.11～16.17）, P＜0.001和5.82（95%CI 2.98～15.61）,P＜0.001]。结论 CKD患者的斑块数负荷、多支病变和CP百分率明显高于NRF者,预示着有更高的发生冠状动脉不良事件的风险。     

The association between renal atherosclerotic plaque characteristics and renal function before and after renal artery intervention

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of plaque composition on renal function after renal artery intervention (RAI).PATIENTS AND METHODSIn 33 consecutive patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (enrolled between January 1, 2007, and April 30, 2009), renal angiography, pressure gradients across the lesion, and intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) with virtual histology (VH)-derived plaque characteristics were assessed. In 25 patients who underwent RAI, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated at baseline and at 3 months.RESULTSMean pressure gradients across the lesion were poorly associated with baseline eGFR (r=-0.37; P=.07). In gray scale IVUS data, only remodeling index was significantly correlated with baseline eGFR (r=-0.38; P=.03). Plaque components classified by VH-IVUS had no correlation with baseline eGFR. During follow-up of 25 patients, the improvement in eGFR after RAI was observed in 9 patients, unchanged in 3, and deteriorated in 13. Overall, follow-up eGFR (median, 49.0 mL/min/1.73 m²; interquartile range [IQR], 40.6-63.9 mL/min/1.73 m²) was unchanged compared with baseline eGFR (median, 53.8 mL/min/1.73 m²; IQR, 41.4-63.4 mL/min/1.73 m²; P=.38). The percent change in eGFR (median, ?0.2%; IQR, ?16.0% to 16.0%) after RAI had a significant negative correlation with the mean percentage of necrotic core classified by VH-IVUS (r=-0.47; P=.02), and the mean percentage of necrotic core was significantly larger in patients with deterioration of eGFR than in patients without deterioration of eGFR (median, 12.7%; IQR, 9.5%-19.5%; vs median, 8.3%; IQR, 5.5%-11.6%; P=.04).CONCLUSIONIn patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, the change in eGFR after RAI was related to plaque composition classified by VH-IVUS. The evaluation of plaque composition may provide more insights into the change in renal function after RAI.     

Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in young adults: prevalence,characteristics, predictors with coronary computed tomography angiography

The purpose of this study was to assess the characteristics and predictors of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in young adults. The study also evaluated predictors of cardiac events. We retrospectively enrolled 914 self-referred asymptomatic subjects under the age of 45 (552 men, 362 women) who had undergone both coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and coronary artery calcium scoring. Two radiologists analyzed plaque composition and degree of stenosis. For all subjects, we evaluated clinical risk factors and investigated cardiac events. Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis was found in 86 subjects (9.4 %). Among them, 64 subjects (74.4 %) had a single coronary artery plaque. On analysis of individual segments, the most common type of plaque was non-calcified plaque (NCP) (58 %), which was found in 63 subjects (6.9 %). Significant coronary artery stenosis was found in 9 subjects (0.1 %). Predictors of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis were age, male gender, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Male gender, diabetes mellitus, and amount of smoking were independent predictors of NCP. High low density lipoprotein cholesterol and calcium scores were also significant predictors of stenosis. Myocardial infarction developed in 1 subject, unstable angina in 2, stable angina in 1, and death in 1 (2.45 cardiac events per 1,000 person-years of follow-up). Multivariate analysis revealed hazard ratios of 2.2 for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, 49.17 for NCP, and 105.58 for significant stenosis. The prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic young adults is not negligible. CCTA has the potential to enhance risk stratification and prediction for coronary artery disease in asymptomatic young adults.     

Magnetic resonance evaluation of the associations of thoracic and abdominal aortic plaques with the presence and extent of coronary artery stenosis.

The association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and thoracic aortic plaques has often been reported using transesophageal echocardiography. However, studies showing the association between CAD and abdominal aortic plaques are scarce. CMR can visualize plaques in both the thoracic and abdominal aortas. Using CMR, we investigated the associations of thoracic and abdominal aortic plaques with the presence and extent of coronary artery stenosis in 146 patients undergoing coronary angiography, of whom 108 had CAD. The prevalence of thoracic and abdominal aortic plaques was higher in patients with CAD than in those without CAD (73% and 94% vs. 32% and 79%, p < 0.025). Stepwise increases in the prevalence and extents of both thoracic and abdominal plaques were found depending on the number of stenotic coronary vessels. Plaque extent in the thoracic aorta correlated with the numbers of > 50% and > 25% stenotic coronary segments (rs = 0.30 and 0.41). Plaque extent in the abdominal aorta also correlated with the numbers of > 50% and > 25% stenotic segments (rs = 0.40 and 0.44). Notably, the total plaque extent in the aortas correlated best with the numbers of > 50% and > 25% stenotic coronary segments (rs = 0.41 and 0.49, p < 0.001), and this factor was found to be the best predictor for the presence of CAD by the receiver-operating-characteristics curve analysis. Thus, the total plaque extent in the aortas was found to be more closely associated with the presence and extent of coronary stenosis than the thoracic or abdominal aortic plaque extent.     

Coronary CT angiography findings based on smoking status: Do ex-smokers and never-smokers share a low probability of developing coronary atherosclerosis?

The relationship of coronary artery disease (CAD) in ex-smokers has not been elucidated, although smoking is considered to be one of the major risk factors of CAD. We investigate subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (SCA) in asymptomatic subjects with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), according to smoking status, and determine whether ex-smokers share a low probability of developing CAD with never-smokers. We retrospectively enrolled 6930 self-referred asymptomatic adults who underwent both coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and CCTA. The prevalence and characteristics of SCA were assessed according to smoking status (never-, ex- and current smokers). After adjusting for variable risk factors, we used multivariate logistic regression for adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of high CACS (>100), SCA (any plaque), significant stenosis (>50 % in luminal stenosis) and each plaque type (non-calcified, mixed and calcified plaque) among the three groups. The prevalence of SCA was highest in the ex-smokers (35.4 %) and the prevalence of significant stenosis in ex-smokers (6.9 %) was as high as in current smokers (6.4 %). However, after adjusting for variable risk factors, SCA was significantly correlated with both ex-smokers (AOR; 1.21) and current smokers (AOR; 1.25), whereas significant stenosis was correlated only with current smokers (AOR; 1.91). The association between SCA and ex-smokers is as strong as with current smokers, although significant stenosis is only correlated with current smokers; thus, not only quitting smoking but also never initiating smoking would be helpful to reduce the progression of the SCA.     

颈动脉超声在缺血性心脑血管病中的应用

目的　探讨颈动脉多普勒超声在缺血性心脑血管疾病中的应用价值。方法　应用多普勒超声检测脑供血不足组 (CI)、冠心病组 (CAD)、对照组的颈动脉内膜 中层厚度 (IMT)、斑块数量等 ,并做统计学处理。结果　CI和CAD的IMT均值显著高于对照组 ,P <0 .0 1。CI和CAD的斑块阳性率显著高于对照组 ,P <0 .0 1。IMT均值和斑块阳性率在CI和CAD组之间比较并无明显的差异 ,P >0 .0 5。IMT和斑块皆阳性对诊断CI和CAD的灵敏度分别为 84%、80 % ,特异性为66%。结论　颈动脉超声检查对缺血性心脑血管疾病的诊断有较大的应用价值     

超声检测颈动脉粥样硬化对冠状动脉病变的预测价值

目的 探讨超声检测颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)及动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成对冠状动脉病变预测的价值.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声对拟行冠状动脉造影检查的120例患者行颈动脉IMT测量及观察粥样斑块形成情况,并根据冠状动脉造影结果分为对照组、单支病变组和多支病变组,比较各组斑块的发生率并检测颈动脉粥样斑块对冠心病诊断的敏感性和特异性.结果 冠心病患者中,多支病变组IMT及斑块发生率高于单支病变组和对照组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义;颈动脉粥样斑块对冠心病诊断的敏感性为93.22%,特异性为70.51%,阳性预测值为70.51%,阴性预测值为93.22%.结论 在冠心病患者及具有冠心病高危险因素人群临床检查中,超声对颈动脉IMT增厚和斑块形成的检测,能够成为研究冠心病危险程度的可靠预测指标.     

超声评价颈、股动脉内-中膜厚度与冠心病相关性研究

目的 探讨颈动脉（CA）、股动脉（FA）的内一中膜厚度（IMT）对冠心病（CAD）的诊断价值。 方法 对189例连续冠脉造影（CAG）受检者术前利用高频超声进行CA、FA的IMT检查，并与CAG结果进行相关性研究。 结果 CAD单支病变组、多支病变组CA、FA的IMT增厚以及斑块发生率均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）；多支病变组CA、FA的IMT显著高于单支病变组，斑块发生率与单支病变组之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05），CA粥样硬化斑块对CAD诊断的敏感度、特异度及对CAD阳性预告值分别为72．3％、79．2％及89．5％；FA粥样硬化斑块对CAD诊断的敏感度、特异度及对CAD阳性预告值分别为83．2％、77．8％及90％；CA、FA两处均有粥样硬化斑块对诊断的敏感度、特异度及对CAD阳性预告值分别为84．1％、87．6％及93．1％。 结论 CAD患者及具有其危险因素人群中，进行CA、FA超声检查，可成为研究CAD的间接指标和窗口。     

超声检测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与冠心病的相关性研究

目的探讨超声检测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与冠心病的相关性。方法选择本院心血管内科住院拟诊冠心病患者89例行颈动脉超声检查,所有病例根据其冠状动脉造影检查结果分为冠心病（CAD）组52例与对照（CON）组37例,其中冠心病组根据心肌梗死诊断标准进一步分为非心肌梗死（non-MI）组及曾有心肌梗死病史（MI）组。超声检查时记录颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生情况,并对发现的粥样硬化斑块根据其超声特征分为稳定型和不稳定型斑块。对各组病例的斑块发生率及不稳定型斑块发生率进行统计学分析。结果CAD组的斑块发生率明显高于CON组（P〈0.05）,MI组的不稳定型斑块发生率明显高于non-MI组（P〈0.05）。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生与冠心病有明显相关性。颈动脉粥样硬化不稳定型斑块的存在与心肌梗死有相关性。     

Relationship between glycemic control and coronary artery disease severity,prevalence and plaque characteristics by computed tomography coronary angiography in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients

Evaluate whether glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (DM2) asymptomatic for coronary artery disease (CAD) affects not only the presence and magnitude of CAD but also the characteristics of plaque vulnerability using multidetector row computed coronary tomography (MDCT). Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is frequently observed in asymptomatic DM2 patients. Positive vessel remodeling (PR) and low-attenuation plaques (LAP) identified by MDCT have been demonstrated to be characteristics of subsequent culprit lesions of ACS. However, little is known regarding plaque characteristics in asymptomatic diabetic patients and their relationship with glycemic control. Ninety asymptomatic DM2 patients, aged 40–65 years old, underwent MDCT. The presence of atherosclerotic obstruction, defined as coronary stenosis ≥50?%, and plaque characteristics were compared between two groups of patients with A1c?<?7 and A1c?≥?7?%. Of the 90 patients, 38 (42.2?%) presented with coronary atherosclerotic plaques, 11 had A1c?<?7?% and 27 had A1c?≥?7?% (p?=?0.0006). Fourteen patients had significant lumen obstruction higher than 50?%: 3 in the A1c?<?7?% group and 11 in the A1c?≥?7?% group (p?=?0.02). Non-calcified plaque was more prevalent in the A1c?≥?7?% group (p?=?0.005). In eleven patients, the simultaneous presence of two vulnerability plaque characteristics (PR and LAP) were observed more frequently in the A1c?≥?7 group (n?=?8) than in the A1c?<?7 group (n?=?3) (p?=?0.04). Asymptomatic DM2 patients with A1c?≥?7?% have a higher frequency of CAD and a higher proportion of vulnerable atherosclerotic coronary plaque by MDCT compared to patients with DM2 with A1c?<?7 in our study.     

Reproducibility of coronary atherosclerotic plaque characteristics in populations with low,intermediate, and high prevalence of coronary artery disease by multidetector computer tomography: a guide to reliable visual coronary plaque assessments

To evaluate the interobserver agreement of visual coronary plaque characteristics by 320-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in three populations with low, intermediate and high CAD prevalence and to identify determinants for the reproducible assessment of these plaque characteristics. 150 patients, 50 asymptomatic subjects from the general population (low CAD prevalence), 50 symptomatic non-acute coronary syndrome (non-ACS) patients (intermediate CAD prevalence), and 50 ACS patients (high CAD prevalence), matched according to age and gender, were retrospectively enrolled. All coronary segments were evaluated for overall image quality, evaluability, presence of CAD, coronary stenosis, plaque composition, plaque focality, and spotty calcification by four readers. Interobserver agreement was assessed using Fleiss’ Kappa (κ) and intra-class correlation (ICC). Widely used clinical parameters (overall scan quality, presence of CAD, and determination of coronary stenosis) showed good agreement among the four readers, (ICC?=?0.66, κ?=?0.73, ICC?=?0.74, respectively). When accounting for heart rate, body mass index, plaque location, and coronary stenosis above/below 50?%, interobserver agreement for plaque composition, presence of CAD, and coronary stenosis improved to either good or excellent, (κ?=?0.61, κ?=?0.81, ICC?=?0.78, respectively). Spotty calcification was the least reproducible parameter investigated (κ?=?0.33). Across subpopulations, reproducibility of coronary plaque characteristics generally decreased with increasing CAD prevalence except for plaque composition, (limits of agreement: ±2.03, ±1.96, ±1.79 for low, intermediate and high CAD prevalence, respectively). 320-slice MDCT can be used to assess coronary plaque characteristics, except for spotty calcification. Reproducibility estimates are influenced by heart rate, body size, plaque location, and degree of luminal stenosis.