北京市气温与空气污染指数相关性分析

目的 研究气温对空气污染指数的影响。方法 运用分布滞后非线性模型,利用2001-2012年北京市空气污染指数（API）数据,计算气温对API影响的相对危险度。结果 北京市API呈现下降趋势,气温与API之间呈负相关关系（r=-0.212,P<0.001）,高温（P₉₀）对API影响的相对危险度为1.85（95%CI=1.63~2.10）,低温（P₁₀）对API影响的相对危险度为0.38（95%CI=0.32~0.45）,存在滞后效应和累积效应。结论 气温对空气污染指数有影响。     

Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution associated with blood pressure and self-reported hypertension in a Danish cohort

Background: Short-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with changes in blood pressure (BP) and emergency department visits for hypertension, but little is known about the effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on BP and hypertension.Objectives: We studied whether long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with BP and hypertension.Methods: In 1993–1997, 57,053 participants 50–64 years of age were enrolled in a population-based cohort study. Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP, respectively) were measured at enrollment. Self-reported incident hypertension during a mean follow-up of 5.3 years was assessed by questionnaire. We used a validated dispersion model to estimate residential long-term nitrogen oxides (NO_x), a marker of traffic-related air pollution, for the 1- and 5-year periods prior to enrollment and before a diagnosis of hypertension. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of associations between air pollution and BP at enrollment with linear regression, adjusting for traffic noise, measured short-term NO_x, temperature, relative humidity, and potential lifestyle confounders (n = 44,436). We analyzed incident hypertension with Cox regression, adjusting for traffic noise and potential confounders.Results: A doubling of NO_x exposure during 1- and 5-year periods preceding enrollment was associated with 0.53-mmHg decreases [95% confidence interval (CI): –0.88, –0.19 mmHg] and 0.50-mmHg decreases (95% CI: –0.84, –0.16 mmHg) in SBP, respectively. Long-term exposure also was associated with a lower prevalence of baseline self-reported hypertension (per doubling of 5-year mean NO_x: odds ratio = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.00), whereas long-term NO_x exposure was not associated with incident self-reported hypertension during follow-up.Conclusions: Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution was associated with a slightly lower prevalence of BP at baseline, but was not associated with incident hypertension.     

Associations between recent exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and blood pressure in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

BACKGROUND: Blood pressure (BP) may be implicated in associations observed between ambient particulate matter and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study examined cross-sectional associations between short-term ambient fine particles (particulate matter 相似文献   

Effects of particulate air pollution on systolic blood pressure: A population-based approach

Given the hypothesis that particulate air pollution is associated with systolic blood pressure, the effect of daily concentrations of air pollution on blood pressure was assessed in 2612 elderly subjects in the urban area of Bordeaux, France. Blood pressure was measured by a digital monitor. Particle concentrations (PM10) were obtained from the AIRAQ association that operates a local monitoring network of the air quality. To represent the ambient urban air pollution, stations had to be sufficiently correlated (i.e., correlation >0.70) and to have sufficiently similar mean levels of pollution. Linear regression was used to model the association between concentrations of particles (PM10) and systolic blood pressure. We observed associations between the fifth lag hour and systolic blood pressure for an increase of 10 microg/m3 of PM10 (beta = -1.12, 95% confidence interval: [-1.90; -0.30]). Despite contradictory results, fine particles must be considered nowadays as a major component of atmospheric air pollution in which everything must be put into practice in terms of public health actions in order to protect the general population and particularly the elderly group.     

High temperatures enhanced acute mortality effects of ambient particle pollution in the "oven" city of Wuhan, China

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether the effect of air pollution on daily mortality is enhanced by high temperatures in Wuhan, China, using data from 2001 to 2004. Wuhan has been called an "oven" city because of its hot summers. Approximately 4.5 million permanent residents live in the 201-km(2) core area of the city. METHOD: We used a generalized additive model to analyze pollution, mortality, and covariate data. The estimates of the interaction between high temperature and air pollution were obtained from the main effects and pollutant-temperature interaction models. RESULTS: We observed effects of consistently and statistically significant interactions between particulate matter < or = 10 microm (PM(10)) and temperature on daily nonaccidental (p = 0.014), cardiovascular (p = 0.007), and cardiopulmonary (p = 0.014) mortality. The PM(10) effects were strongest on extremely high-temperature days (daily average temperature, 33.1 degrees C), less strong on extremely low-temperature days (2.2 degrees C), and weakest on normal-temperature days (18.0 degrees C). The estimates of the mean percentage of change in daily mortality per 10-mug/m(3) increase in PM(10) concentrations at the average of lags 0 and 1 day during hot temperature were 2.20% (95% confidence interval), 0.74-3.68) for nonaccidental, 3.28% (1.24-5.37) for cardiovascular, 2.35% (-0.03 to 4.78) for stroke, 3.31% (-0.22 to 6.97) for cardiac, 1.15% (-3.54% to 6.07) for respiratory, and 3.02% (1.03-5.04) for cardiopulmonary mortality. CONCLUSIONS: We found synergistic effects of PM(10) and high temperatures on daily nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and cardiopulmonary mortality in Wuhan.     

Indoor air pollution and blood pressure in adult women living in rural China

Background: Almost half of the world’s population uses coal and biomass fuels for domestic energy. Limited evidence suggests that exposure to air pollutants from indoor biomass combustion may be associated with elevated blood pressure (BP).Objective: Our aim was to assess the relationship between air pollution exposure from indoor biomass combustion and BP in women in rural China.Methods: We measured 24-hr personal integrated gravimetric exposure to fine particles < 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5) and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in the winter and summer among 280 women ≥ 25 years of age living in rural households using biomass fuels in Yunnan, China. We investigated the association between PM_2.5 exposure and SBP and DBP using mixed-effects models with random intercepts to account for correlation among repeated measures.Results: Personal average 24-hr exposure to PM_2.5 ranged from 22 to 634 µg/m³ in winter and from 9 to 492 µg/m³ in summer. A 1-log-µg/m³ increase in PM_2.5 exposure was associated with 2.2 mm Hg higher SBP [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8 to 3.7; p = 0.003] and 0.5 mm Hg higher DBP (95% CI, –0.4 to 1.3; p = 0.31) among all women; estimated effects varied by age group. Among women > 50 years of age, a 1-log-µg/m³ increase in PM_2.5 exposure was associated with 4.1 mm Hg higher SBP (95% CI, 1.5 to 6.6; p = 0.002) and 1.8 mm Hg higher DBP (95% CI, 0.4 to 3.2; p = 0.01). PM_2.5 exposure was positively associated with SBP among younger women, but the association was not statistically significant.Conclusion: PM_2.5 exposure from biomass combustion may be a risk factor for elevated BP and hence for cardiovascular events. Our findings should be corroborated in longitudinal studies.     

Associations between ambient ozone, hydrocarbons, and childhood wheezy episodes: a prospective observational study in south east London

OBJECTIVES—To explore the hypothesis that hydrocarbon species and other air pollutants which accumulate at low and high concentrations of ozone are more directly associated with childhood wheezy episodes than ozone.
METHODS—Prospective observational study over 1 year set in the Lewisham district of south east London. The daily attendance rate of children with acute wheeze at the accident and emergency department of Lewisham Hospital was related to local measurements of ozone, hydrocarbon species, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and small particulate matter with diameter <10µm (PM₁₀).
RESULTS—An inverse relation was found between the air pollutants and ozone. After seasonal and meteorological adjustment a non-linear U shaped trend was found between incidence of wheeze and ozone. The trend was significant in children <2 years of age but not in older children. In the younger age group, after adjustment for season, temperature, wind speed, and respiratory infection, the incidence relative to that at the mean daily ozone concentration of 32.7 µg/m³, was estimated to increase by 65% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 22% to 122%) at an ozone concentration of 5 µg/m³ (1.5 SDs below the mean) and by 63% (95%CI −6% to 184%) at 80 µg/m³ (2.5 SDs above the mean). For several hydrocarbons there were significant positive linear relations found, again in children <2 years of age but not older children. For benzene, the incidence increased by 8% (95% CI 2 to 13%) per SD (SD 2.8 µg/m³) increase in benzene concentration. A same day association between incidence and ozone was found to be the most significant but for other pollutants a lag of 2 days gave the most significant associations. No significant association was found for the non-hydrocarbon pollutants including SO₂, NO₂, and PM₁₀.
CONCLUSIONS—A U shaped relation was found between ozone and the incidence of wheezy episodes in young children. Certain hydrocarbon pollutants accumulate in the atmosphere when ozone concentrations are low, and are associated with childhood wheezy episodes. However, the U shaped association of ozone on incidence cannot be explained by these other pollutants. The finding supports an earlier finding that incidences of wheeze are at a minimum when ozone concentrations are 30-40 µg/m³.


Keywords: air pollution; ozone; hydrocarbons; childhood wheezing     

Relationship between emergency care utilization,ambient temperature,and the pollution standard index in Taiwan

This study applied a vector error correction model to investigate the effects of ambient temperature (AT) and air quality index values on emergency care utilization (ECU). The Pollution Standards Index (PSI) and total suspended particulates (TSP) were used for analysis. Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications and Ministry Environmental of Protection Administration of Taiwan. Data from January of 1998 to December of 2012 (180 months) were analyzed. Study results showed that, regardless of long-term equilibrium or short-term dynamics, a 1 °C increase in AT will decrease ECU, showing that AT strongly affects ECU. There were no significant corrections of long-term equilibrium of PSI and TSP on ECU. Only short-term TSP dynamics caused negative effects in the first ECU phase. Emergency care requires special monitoring of AT and TSP to respond to the increased number of high-risk patients consulting emergency departments.     

Ambient air pollution and human performance: Contemporaneous and acclimatization effects of ozone exposure on athletic performance

This paper utilizes a unique dataset of competitive outcomes from intercollegiate track and field competition to identify the relationship between recent ambient pollution exposure histories and human performance among a young and fit population in a diverse range of physically demanding "tasks". I find that higher contemporaneous ozone levels are associated with poorer performances in events that heavily tax the respiratory system. This is the case despite the low exposure levels observed in the studied sample, which are similar to those regularly experienced across the developed world. Such negative performance effects imply that observed ozone exposures are leading to physiological harm, which can be expected to negatively impact economic outcomes through both health and productivity channels. Leveraging the unique structure of the data— which includes location information for competitions and home institutions— I also identify an acclimatization effect whereby recent exposure to higher ozone levels serves to reduce the negative effects of contemporaneous exposure. This finding underscores the importance of regulating peak ozone levels rather than only mean concentrations, as spikes in ambient ozone levels can be particularly damaging to exposed populations.     

Transportation noise and blood pressure in a population-based sample of adults

Background: There is some evidence for an association between traffic noise and ischemic heart disease; however, associations with blood pressure have been inconsistent, and little is known about health effects of railway noise.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effects of railway and traffic noise exposure on blood pressure; a secondary aim was to address potentially susceptible subpopulations.Methods: We performed adjusted linear regression analyses using data from 6,450 participants of the second survey of the Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Disease in Adults (SAPALDIA 2) to estimate the associations of daytime and nighttime railway and traffic noise (A-weighted decibels) with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; millimeters of mercury). Noise data were provided by the Federal Office for the Environment. Stratified analyses by self-reported hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and diabetes were performed.Results: Mean noise exposure during the day and night was 51 dB(A) and 39 dB(A) for traffic noise, respectively, and 19 dB(A) and 17 dB(A) for railway noise. Adjusted regression models yielded significant effect estimates for a 10 dB(A) increase in railway noise during the night [SBP β = 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22, 1.46; DBP β = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.81] and day (SBP β = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.07, 1.13). Additional adjustment for nitrogen dioxide left effect estimates almost unchanged. Stronger associations were estimated for participants with chronic disease. Significant associations with traffic noise were seen only among participants with diabetes.Conclusion: We found evidence of an adverse effect of railway noise on blood pressure in this cohort population. Traffic noise was associated with higher blood pressure only in diabetics, possibly due to low exposure levels. The study results imply more severe health effects by transportation noise in vulnerable populations, such as adults with hypertension, diabetes, or CVD.     

Long-term urban particulate air pollution, traffic noise, and arterial blood pressure

Background: Recent studies have shown an association of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) with transient increases in blood pressure (BP), but it is unclear whether long-term exposure has an effect on arterial BP and hypertension.Objectives: We investigated the cross-sectional association of residential long-term PM exposure with arterial BP and hypertension, taking short-term variations of PM and long-term road traffic noise exposure into account.Methods: We used baseline data (2000–2003) on 4,291 participants, 45–75 years of age, from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, a population-based prospective cohort in Germany. Urban background exposure to PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) and ≤ 10 μm (PM₁₀) was assessed with a dispersion and chemistry transport model. We used generalized additive models, adjusting for short-term PM, meteorology, traffic proximity, and individual risk factors.Results: An interquartile increase in PM_2.5 (2.4 μg/m³) was associated with estimated increases in mean systolic and diastolic BP of 1.4 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5, 2.3] and 0.9 mmHg (95% CI: 0.4, 1.4), respectively. The observed relationship was independent of long-term exposure to road traffic noise and robust to the inclusion of many potential confounders. Residential proximity to high traffic and traffic noise exposure showed a tendency toward higher BP and an elevated prevalence of hypertension.Conclusions: We found an association of long-term exposure to PM with increased arterial BP in a population-based sample. This finding supports our hypothesis that long-term PM exposure may promote atherosclerosis, with air-pollution–induced increases in BP being one possible biological pathway.     

不同性别2型糖尿病患者血尿酸与BMI血压血脂的相关性研究

目的 了解不同性别2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血尿酸(SUA)与体质量指数(BMI)、血压、血脂相关性。方法 选择T2DM 患者360例(男242 例, 女118 例),测定血压、身高、体质量、空腹血浆葡萄糖( FBG) 、三酰甘油(TG) 、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、SUA、肌酐(Cr)。先按男女性别分组,再按SUA水平分为高尿酸组(男性≥420 mol/L,女性≥360 mol/L)、尿酸正常组,比较组间数据差别。结果 不同性别的高尿酸组BMI、TG均显著高于尿酸正常组,估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)显著低于尿酸正常组,女性高尿酸组⑴舒张压(DBP)显著高于尿酸正常组,不同性别的高尿酸组年龄、病程、SBP、TC、FBG、HDL-C、LDL-C与尿酸正常组相比差异无统计学意义。⑵不同性别的组中,SUA与BMI、TG均呈显著正相关,与 HDL-C、eGFR呈显著负相关,女性组中,SUV与DBP也呈显著正相关,不同性别组的SUA均与年龄、病程、FBG、 SBP、TC、LDL-C无明显相关性。结论 2型糖尿病患者血尿酸的控制与血脂及体质量的控制有关,对于女性患者还应重视舒张压的控制。     

Time series analysis of ambient air pollution effects on dynamic stroke mortality

This study aims to examine the correlations between air pollution and dynamic stroke mortality, which is defined as the daily real-time number of deaths from stroke. Death data were obtained from daily medical records of 7230 incidents from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the Longquanyi District of China from 2016 to 2017. Air pollution data were obtained from environmental monitoring stations in the Longquanyi District. Time series analysis using generalized additive Poisson regression models was applied, and single-pollutant and two-pollutant adjusted models were utilized. Furthermore, categories based on gender, age, and meteorological factors were considered in the analysis. The results indicated that PM2.5, PM10, O₃, and CO had significant effects on dynamic stroke mortality, which were stronger for older people and during the cold season. This study helps hospital managers, patients, and governments seeking to prevent and control the effects of air pollution on the risks of stroke.     

贵阳市7 963名少年儿童血压状况调查

【目的】了解8~17岁少年儿童血压特点,为流行病学及预防成人高血压提供参考数据。【方法】采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取贵阳市8~17岁的7963例儿童进行血压、身高及体重等测量,并填写统一制定的问卷调查表,采用SPSS11.5软件进行统计学分析。【结果】①贵阳市8~17岁少年儿童的血压水平随年龄增加而呈递增趋势,以收缩压增长明显,男、女生相比而言,男生增长明显。②高血压患病率为5.16%(411/7963例),男生患病率高于女生(6.37%比3.93%,P<0.01);男生在不同年龄组高血压患病率差异有显著性(P<0.01);而女生在不同年龄组高血压患病率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。③不同体质指数儿童之间高血压患病率差异有显著性(P<0.01)。【结论】贵阳市男女儿童血压随年龄的变化有着不同特点;体质指数超过正常者高血压患病率明显升高,提示控制体重可减少少年儿童高血压的发生。     

The effect of ambient air pollution during early pregnancy on fetal ultrasonic measurements during mid-pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Over the past decade there has been mounting evidence that ambient air pollution during pregnancy influences fetal growth. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to examine possible associations between fetal ultrasonic measurements collected from 15,623 scans (13-26 weeks gestation) and ambient air pollution during early pregnancy. METHODS: We calculated mothers' average monthly exposures over the first 4 months of pregnancy for the following pollutants: particulate matter < 10 microm aerodynamic diameter (PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. We examined associations with fetal femur length (FL), biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), and abdominal circumference (AC). Final analyses included scans from only those women within 2 km of an air pollution monitoring site. We controlled for long-term trend, season, temperature, gestation, mother's age, socioeconomic status, and fetal sex. RESULTS: A reduction in fetal AC was associated with O3 during days 31-60 [-1.42 mm; 95% confidence interval (CI), -2.74 to -0.09], SO2 during days 61-90 (-1.67 mm; 95% CI, -2.94 to -0.40), and PM10 during days 91-120 (-0.78 mm; 95% CI, -1.49 to -0.08). Other results showed a reduction in BPD (-0.68 mm; 95% CI, -1.09 to -0.27) associated with SO2 during days 0-30, a reduction in HC (-1.02 mm; 95% CI, -1.78 to -0.26) associated with PM10 during days 91-120, and a reduction in FL associated with PM10 during days 0-30 (-0.28 mm; 95% CI, -0.48 to -0.08) and 91-120 (-0.23; 95% CI, -0.42 to -0.04). CONCLUSION: We found strong effects of ambient air pollution on ultrasound measures. Future research, including more individually detailed data, is needed to confirm our results.     

The emergence of urban ozone episodes in autumn and air temperature rise in Hong Kong

In recent years urban photochemical episodes accompanied by unusually high ozone concentrations have been observed in the urban area of Hong Kong every autumn season except 2003. These episodes always occurred in summer time since 1990, but starting in 2000 additional autumn episodes could be observed. During those episodes the ozone concentrations exceeded the Hong Kong Air Quality Objective and reached an hourly maximum of 332 μg m⁻³ in September 2005. The maximum ozone concentrations of both summer and autumn episodes seem to be on an upward trend. It is the objective of this paper to examine a possible role of the air temperature factor in the emergence of ozone episodes in autumn. Significant correlations could be found between the maximum hourly ozone concentrations and the maximum and mean air temperatures during autumn months whereas the association between ozone and particulates is weaker. Autumn air temperature data from the Hong Kong Observatory headquarters and two ozone monitoring sites had been compared for the period from 1989 to 2007. This analysis takes into account the ozone trend and the unfavorable conditions posed by decreasing solar radiation and increasing cloud cover. Mean temperatures for October and November at the Hong Kong Observatory headquarters as well as two ozone monitoring sites (Sha Tin and Tai Po) show a slightly upward trend for the period under investigation. The September values, however, show a slight negative slope. The overall upward trend for air temperatures in autumn occurs at a time when the mean air temperatures in Hong Kong have been on the rise for over 120 years from 1885 to 2007, amidst the global warming trend. It is believed that the air temperature increase may have contributed to the emergence of urban ozone episodes in autumn in Hong Kong in 2000. Related to this influence of air temperature on ozone are high background pollutant concentrations in Hong Kong, as indicated by the minimum PM₁₀ concentrations and the serious NO₂ pollution dominating the Pearl River Delta region.     

Habitual coffee consumption and blood pressure: An epidemiological perspective

This paper summarizes the current epidemiological evidence on coffee consumption in relation to blood pressure (BP) and risk of hypertension. Data from cross-sectional studies suggest an inverse linear or U-shaped association of habitual coffee use with BP in different populations. Prospective studies suggest a protective effect of high coffee intake (4 or more cups per day) against hypertension, mainly in women. Furthermore, the risk of hypertension may be lower in coffee abstainers. Randomized controlled trials, which are mostly of short duration (1–12 weeks), have shown that coffee intake around 5 cups per day causes a small elevation in BP (∼2/1 mmHg) when compared to abstinence or use of decaffeinated coffee. With regard to underlying biological mechanisms, most research has been devoted to BP-raising effects of caffeine. However, there are many other substances in coffee, such as polyphenols, soluble fibre and potassium, which could exert a beneficial effect in the cardiovascular system. Although the precise nature of the relation between coffee and BP is still unclear, most evidence suggests that regular intake of caffeinated coffee does not increase the risk of hypertension.     

Health effects of particles in ambient air

A summary of a critical review by a working group of the German commission on Air Pollution Prevention of VDI and DIN of the actual data on exposure and health effects (excluding cancer) of fine particulate air pollution is presented. EXPOSURE: Typical ambient particle concentrations for PM10 (PM2.5) in Germany are in the range of 10-45 (10-30) microg/m3 as annual mean and 50-200 (40-150) microg/m3 as maximum daily mean. The ratio of PM2.5/PM10 generally amounts between 0.7 and 0.9. HEALTH EFFECTS: During the past 10 years many new epidemiological and toxicological studies on health effects of particulate matter (PM) have been published. In summary, long-term exposure against PM for years or decades is associated with elevated total, cardiovascular, and infant mortality. With respect to morbidity, respiratory symptoms, lung growth, and function of the immune system are affected. Short-term studies show consistant associations of exposure to daily concentrations of PM with mortality and morbidity on the same day or the subsequent days. Patients with asthma, COPD, pneumonia, and other respiratory diseases as well as patients with cardio-vascular diseases and diabetes are especially affected. The strongest associations are found for PM2.5 followed by PM10, with no indication of a threshold value for the health effects. The data base for ultra fine particles is too small for final conclusions. The available toxicological data support the epidemiological findings and give hints as to the mechanisms of the effects. CONCLUSION: The working group concludes that a further reduction of the limit values proposed for 2005 will substantially reduce health risks due to particulate air pollution. Because of the strong correlation of PM10 with PM2.5 at most German sites there is no specific need for limit values of PM2.5 for Germany in addition to those of PM10.     

In-traffic air pollution exposure and CC16, blood coagulation, and inflammation markers in healthy adults

Background: Exposure to traffic-related air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular events, probably involving mechanisms of inflammation and coagulation. Little is known about effects of the short exposures encountered while participating in traffic.Objectives: The objective of the study was to examine effects of exposure of commuters to air pollution on cardiovascular biomarkers.Methods: Thirty-four healthy adult volunteers commuted for 2 hr by bus, car, or bicycle during the morning rush hour. During the commute, exposure to particle number, particulate matter (PM) ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5), PM ≤ 10 µm in diameter (PM₁₀), and soot was measured. We estimated inhaled doses based on heart rate monitoring. Shortly before exposure and 6 hr after exposure, blood samples were taken and analyzed for CC16 (Clara cell protein 16), blood cell count, coagulation markers, and inflammation markers. Between June 2007 and June 2008, 352 pre- and postexposure blood samples were collected on 47 test days. We used mixed models to analyze the associations between exposure and changes in health parameters.Results: We observed no consistent associations between the air pollution exposures and doses and the various biomarkers that we investigated.Conclusions: Air pollution exposure during commuting was not consistently associated with acute changes in inflammation markers, blood cell counts, or blood coagulation markers.