小儿先天性肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的治疗

目的　探讨小儿肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的手术治疗方法。方法　对 12例小儿肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的患儿采用离断性肾盂输尿管成形术治疗。结果　所有患儿症状消失 ,随访 9例均显示肾积水较术前减轻 ,吻合口通畅 ,肾功能明显改善。结论　离断性肾盂输尿管成形术是治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的有效方法     

离断性肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄的长期随访

目的探讨离断性肾益成形术治疗肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄的远期效果．方法对14例接受离断性肾盂成形术治疗的分盂输尿管交界处狭窄患者进行前瞻性或（和）回顾性研究．主要观察手术前后肾孟肾盏形态和肾功能的变化．结果14例患者的肾盂肾盏形态均较术前有明显改善并于术后一年余处于稳定状态；术后所有症状均消失；该手术能明显提高年轻患者尤其是小儿的肾功能。对于年龄大于40岁的患者则不能提高肾功能。结论离断性肾盂成型术具有良好的远期效果，对改善肾盂形态、提高年轻患者肾功能尤其是小儿肾功能有明显作用。     

手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的疗效

目的探讨肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的手术治疗效果。方法总结1988~2004年手术治疗成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻136例161侧的效果。结果最常见的病因是肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄和狭窄伴扭曲共86例117侧、输尿管高位附着肾盂12例19侧、横过血管压迫19例25侧、外在纤维组织压迫9例。各种肾盂成形术70例103侧,成功97侧(94.2%);粘连松解6例,成功2例(33.3%);肾切除4例。结论对肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻,无论是交界处狭窄还是血管或纤维组织压迫,选用离断性肾盂成形术效果最佳。     

离断性肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的体会

目的：探讨离断性肾盂成形术治疗输尿管连接部狭窄的临床疗效。方法：采用离断性肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄２１例。结果：本组２１例均病肾积水好转 ,吻合口通畅。其中一例延期拔除肾造瘘管,随访２年效果良好。结论：离断性肾盂成形术成功率高,是治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的最有效的方法。     

肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的手术治疗

目的探讨肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的手术治疗方法。方法 25例肾盂输尿管连接部全部采用开放性手术即连续性倒瓣肾盂成形术和离断性肾盂成形术。结果离断性肾盂成形术效果比连续性肾盂成形术效果好。结论肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻首选手术方法是离断性肾盂成形术。     

离断性肾盂成形术双J管内引流治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄

目的 探讨离断性肾盂成形术双J管内引流治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的,临床疗效。方法 采用离断性肾盂成形术双J管内引流治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄25例,术后6-8周拔出双J管,术后6个月行静脉肾盂造影复查。结果 患肾积水好转,肾盂明显缩小,吻合口通畅。结论 离断性肾盂成形术是治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄较理想的方法,双J管能起到引流通畅及内支架作用,能减少术后吻合口漏尿及再狭窄的发生,提高手术成功率。     

肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的手术治疗

目的 探讨肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的手术治疗方法。方法 对12例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者全部采取开放手术即连续性例瓣肾盂成形术和离断性肾盂成形术。结果 离断性肾盂成形术效果比连续性肾盂成形术效果好。结论 肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻首选手术方式为离断性成形术。     

离断性肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄

目的：探讨离断性肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄的临床效果。方法：采用离断性肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄37例38例，肾盂输尿管外支架组21例，双J管内引流组16例17侧。前者术后三周拔除支架，后者术后6周－12周拔除双J管，三个月后静脉尿路造影复查。结果：肾盂输尿管支架组4例出现吻合口狭窄，而双J管内引流组除一例吻合口出现狭窄外余吻合口通畅，肾积水好转。结论：离断性肾盂成形术是治疗肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄的有效方法，使用双J管内引流能减少术后狭窄的发生，提高手术成功率。     

经背部直切口成人离断性肾孟输尿管成形术的护理

目前治疗肾孟输尿管连接处狭窄、肾积水常采用的手术方式是离断性肾盂成形术[1].在儿童,往往选择经背部直切口入路,而在成人,几乎都选择经腰部或经肋部切口入路.近几年,采用背部直切口,治疗了43例肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄,效果良好,现总结如下.     

20例肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄手术治疗临床分析

目的:探讨在临床治疗肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄手术中采用离断性肾盂成形术的临床分析。方法:回顾性分析20例采用离断性成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄手术的临床资料,术中采用双J管作内引流,患者在术后30 d后拔管并在4个月后对患者的肾功能及静脉肾盂造影进行复查。结果:20例患者在术后3～5个月进行随访,18例患者治愈,其治愈率为90%,另外有2例出现术后并发症。结论:在临床治疗肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄中采用离断性肾盂成形术,同时在术中运用双J管能够提高手术的治愈效率。同时在术后需要注重患者的护理工作以及加强并发症的防治,以此来提高手术的治疗效率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.