A case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with severe acute pancreatitis]

A 22-year-old woman began to have the symptoms of anorexia, high fever, cough and general fatigue from June of 1997. She was admitted in our hospital on Aug. 8th, 1997 for the further detail examination because of pancytopenia and positive antinuclear antibody (ANA). Her laboratory findings and clinical symptoms were compatible with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) such as leukopenia, proteinuria, hypocomplementemia, positive ANA, elevated titer of autoantibodies including anti-DNA, anti-Sm, anti-RNP antibodies, polyarthralgia and photosensitivity. The administration of oral prednisolone (40 mg/day) was started on Aug. 15th, 1997 under the diagnosis of SLE. However, she had severe abdominal pain in epigastrium with elevated serum amylase, ascites and dull shape of pancreas tail by CT scan compatible with acute pancreatitis. On Aug. 18th, her general condition was worsening with fever, epigastralgia, abdominal distension, anemia, weak palpation of radial artery, hypotension, tachycardia, shallow breathing and cold sensation on both extremities as shock. In spite of steroid pulse therapy with nafamostat mesilate intraarterial infusion, her condition was not improved. The dose of 50 mg/day of cyclophosphamide was added to the regimen on Aug. 22nd. Then, gradually her condition started to be restored. Anemia, leukopenia, hypocomplementemia continued. Second steroid pulse therapy was done on Sep. 5th. After then, she became better in her clinical symptoms and laboratory data. The dose of PSL was tapered to 15 mg/day and 7.5 mg/day update of Oct. 1998 without the pseudcysts found after pancreatitis. She is a rare case who recovered from severe acute pancreatitis due to SLE itself.     

重症急性胰腺炎合并腹壁脓肿1例报道

腹壁脓肿是重症急性胰腺炎少见的并发症,本文报道1例急性胰腺炎合并腹壁脓肿.     

重症急性胰腺炎合并消化道瘘16例

目的:探讨重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)合并消化道瘘的危险因素、临床诊治经验,其目的提高SAP治愈率,降低消化道瘘的发生率及病死率.方法:对2006-01/2011-08我科收治的16例SAP合并消化道瘘的临床资料进行回顾性研究,分析其发生的高危因素、发生部位、时间及对机体的影响,并对其临床诊断和治疗进行总结.结果:本组16例中结肠瘘6例,占37.5%(6/16),十二指肠瘘5例,占31.25%(5/16),胃瘘3例,占18.75(3/16),十二指肠瘘+结肠瘘1例,占6.25(1/16),十二指肠瘘+小肠瘘1例,占6.25(1/16);消化道瘘发生的时间多在SAP术后3-9wk内,16例均有胰外侵犯(胰腺假性囊肿1例,假性囊肿合并感染出血4例,胰周脓肿5例,合并胰腺坏死2例,细菌合并真菌感染3例),16例均经引流管造影确诊;早期手术2例(<2wk),晚期手术14例(>2wk);术中均放置引流管(2-11不等)且术后行冲洗引流,放置时间均>2wk;15例术中预防性行胃空肠造瘘并早期恢复肠内营养.本组治愈14例,治愈率为87.5%(14/16),因十二指肠瘘合并腹腔大出血自行放弃治疗1例,因结肠瘘合并全身感染并多发脏器功能衰竭而死亡1例.结论:SAP合并消化道瘘与胰液腐蚀、感染、手术时机及方式、引流管数量、位置、放置时间、早期恢复肠内营养等相关;经引流管及窦道造影检查是诊断消化道瘘的一种简便可靠的方法;防治的重点在于有效选择手术方式如微创并建立充分有效的引流,同时早期建立肠内营养支持治疗并积极控制感染.     

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy associated with severe acute pancreatitis: A case report

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a rare disease that affects women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Although infrequent, the disease can cause maternal mortality. The diagnosis is not always clear until the pregnancy is terminated, and significant complications, such as acute pancreatitis, can occur. Pancreatic involvement typically only occurs in severe cases after the development of hepatic and renal impairment. To date, little knowledge is available regarding how the disease causes pancreatitis. Treatment involves supportive measures and pregnancy interruption. In this report, we describe a case of a previously healthy 26-year-old woman at a gestational age of 27 wk and 6 d who was admitted with severe abdominal pain and vomiting. This case illustrates the clinical and laboratory overlap between acute fatty liver of pregnancy and pancreatitis, highlighting the difficulties in differentiating each disease. Furthermore, the hypothesis for this overlapping is presented, and the therapeutic options are discussed.     

A case of portal vein thrombosis associated with acute pancreatitis and cholangitis]

Portal vein thrombosis is a rare complication accompanied with acute pancreatitis or cholangitis/cholecystitis. The main pathogenesis of portal vein thrombosis in pancreatitis or cholangitis/cholecystitis are suggested to be venous compression by pseudocyst and an imbalance between the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. In this case report, we experienced a 63 year old male who developed portal vein thrombosis later in the course of the treatment of acute gallstone pancreatitis with cholangitis/cholecystitis without any symptom or sign. The diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis was given on follow up CT scan and serum protein S activity was decreased to 27% in laboratory study. Immediate anticoagulation therapy with heparin and thrombolytic therapy with urokinase and balloon dilatation were performed. Despite the aggressive treatment, complete reperfusion could not be obtained. With oral warfarin anticoagulation, the patient showed no disease progression and was discharged. We report a case of portal vein thrombosis as a complication of acute pancreatitis and cholangitis/cholecystitis with a review of literatures.     

Organ failure associated with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate the relationship between severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and organ failure. METHODS: Clinical data of 74 cases of SAP from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 2002 were retrospectively reviewed, and the relationship between organ failure and age, gender, etiology, extent of necrosis, infection of necrosis and mortality was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 47 patients (63.5%) showed organ failure, 20 patients (27.0%) multiple organ failure, whereas 27 patients (36.5%) with dysfunction of a single organ system. Pulmonary failure was the most common organ dysfunction (23.0%) among single organ failures. There were no significant differences in age, gender and gallstone pancreatitis among patients with or without organ failure (P>0.05). The incidence of organ failure in infected necrosis was not higher compared with sterile necrosis, and patients with increased amount of necrosis did not have an increased prevalence of organ failure (P>0.05). Patients with organ failure had a higher mortality rate compared with those without organ failure (P<0.05). The death of SAP was associated with multiple organ failure (P<0.005), pulmonary failure (P<0.005), cardiovascular dysfunction (P<0.05) and gastrointestinal dysfunction (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Organ failure is common in patients with SAP, and patients with multiple organ failure and pulmonary failure have a higher mortality rate. Prevention and active treatment of organ failure can improve the outcome of patients with SAP.     

A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with severe acute pancreatitis

 A 39-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed severe acute pancreatitis during a well-controlled disease stage. Treatment with intraarterial injections of antipancreatic enzyme and a small amount of prednisone (20 mg/day) led to remission of the pancreatitis. Disease activity of the SLE did not flare up throughout the course of this treatment. The development of severe acute pancreatitis in SLE is rare. We discuss the cause of pancreatitis in SLE, and whether corticosteroids may induce or improve pancreatitis. Received: January 30, 2001 / Accepted: October 4, 2001     

高脂血症相关性重症急性胰腺炎临床特点的探讨

目的探讨高脂血症相关性重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的病因、临床特点及其对各脏器功能的影响.方法我院2003年5月～ 2004年12月共收治SAP 354例,将符合纳入和排除标准的176例,按血脂的高低分成高血脂组和血脂正常组,分析其病因、临床特点、并发症、病死率.结果高血脂组饮食因素(暴饮暴食、酗酒、高脂饮食)及有高脂血症病史者明显高于血脂正常组(P ＜ 0.05);APACHEⅡ评分及血糖水平高于血脂正常组(P = 0.001);肾功能衰竭、心衰、休克、低钙血症及低蛋白血症的发生率高于血脂正常组(P ＜ 0.05),病死率高于血脂正常组(P = 0.011).结论高脂血症相关性SAP的诱因以暴饮暴食、酗酒及高脂饮食为主.高脂血症可加重脏器功能受损,促进SAP病情恶化,增加SAP的病死率.防治的关键是:通过减少血脂升高的诱因,发病后积极降低血脂,可能能降低其病死率.     

高脂血症相关性重症急性胰腺炎临床特点的探讨

目的探讨高脂血症相关性重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）的病因、临床特点及其对各脏器功能的影响。方法我院2003年5月～2004年12月共收治SAP354例，将符合纳入和排除标准的176例，按血脂的高低分成高血脂组和血脂正常组，分析其病因、临床特点、并发症、病死率。结果高血脂组饮食因素（暴饮暴食、酗酒、高脂饮食）及有高脂血症病史者明显高于血脂正常组（P〈0．05）；APACHEⅡ评分及血糖水平高于血脂正常组（P=0．001）；肾功能衰竭、心衰、休克、低钙血症及低蛋白血症的发生率高于血脂正常组（P〈0．05）。病死率高于血脂正常组（P=0．011）。结论高脂血症相关性SAP的诱因以暴饮暴食、酗酒及高脂饮食为主。高脂血症可加重脏器功能受损，促进SAP病情恶化，增加SAP的病死率。防治的关键是：通过减少血脂升高的诱因，发病后积极降低血脂，可能能降低其病死率。     

A case of octreotide acetate-induced acute pancreatitis]

A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital in July 2000 because of epigastralgia and back pain with past history of repeated upper abdominal pain due to acute pancreatitis since 1995. Abdominal computed tomography on admission showed a swelling in the pancreas head and several large pancreatic pseudocysts. He was diagnosed as acute pancreatitis based on abdominal pain, elevated pancreatic enzymes and computed tomography finding, and given 50 microg octreotide subcutaneously for the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. Within 3 hours after octreotide injection, he complained of upper abdominal pain and had an elevated serum amylase level. Abdominal pain disappeared after cessation of octreotide injection and the patient was discharged free from abdominal pain. Octreotide might cause acute pancreatitis by inducing spasm of the sphincter of Oddi. Careful check-up of the patients might be needed during treatment with octreotide.