大段仿生活性人工骨修复兔长骨缺损的实验研究

目的观察以聚左旋乳酸、磷酸三钙、重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)制备的大段仿生活性人工骨对骨缺损的修复效果。方法利用快速成形技术制备多孔状的聚左旋乳酸-磷酸三钙大段人工骨载体材料,负压复合rhBMP-2后制备成大段仿生活性人工骨。将36只新西兰大白兔随机等分为三组,手术造成右前臂桡骨中上段15mm骨缺损。实验组植入15mm仿生活性人工骨,对照组a为材料对照,对照组b为空白对照。通过影像学、组织学、骨密度检查及图像分析技术观察骨缺损的修复效果及材料的降解情况。结果①影像学结果表明,实验组术后12周新生骨痂将缺损修复,修复率100%,术后24周骨痂塑形良好。两对照组术后24周内均无骨痂形成,缺损未修复。②组织学显示:实验组术后12周骨痂外层为皮质骨,中央为含有骨岛的载体材料,术后24周骨痂皮质骨与材料之间形成贯通的髓腔;材料对照组术后12周缺损区为纤维组织包裹的载体材料,空白对照组形成纤维连接。③实验组术后12、24周的骨密度值分别为正常值的70.6%和96.8%。④术后12周实验组和材料对照组的降解率分别是38.3%和31.4%,术后24周分别为54.2%和43.4%。结论以聚左旋乳酸、磷酸三钙和rhBMP-2制备的大段仿生活性人工骨对骨缺损具有良好的修复作用。     

带血运骨膜管移植和骨充填物修复桡骨长段缺损的研究

目的：探讨联合应用带血运骨膜管移植和骨充填物治疗兔桡骨长段缺损的效果。方法：实验分两部分，分别选用幼兔和成年兔各40只，根据填充物的不同分为4组，将兔双侧桡骨干中段切除3cm制成骨长段缺损模型，保留切骨段骨膜，重新重原缝合后作带血运骨膜管移植模型，左侧分别用自体骨，同种异体脱钙骨，磷酸三钙陶瓷和羟基磷灰石进行填充，右侧不行任何填作为对照。观察3个月。通过X线片，髓强度，骨密度和组织学检查等方法，了解骨缺损的修复效果。结果：幼兔术后6周，所有实验组双侧的骨缺损均得到修复，术后12周，磷酸三钙陶瓷和羟基磷灰石组桡骨抗弯曲强度较差与自体骨组、同种异体脱钙骨组和对照侧比较具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；骨愈合为膜内成骨和软骨成骨，以膜内成骨为主，成年兔；各组实验侧骨缺损修复率分别为：自体骨组50％；同种异体脱钙骨组40％；磷酸三钙陶瓷和羟基磷灰石组为30％。对照侧骨缺损修复率为42．5％，结论：幼兔单行单血运骨管移植或结合应用骨充填物均可有效修复骨长段缺损，但置换较慢的骨充填物不利于再生骨强度的恢复，成年兔带血运骨膜移植联合应用骨填充物不能有效修复骨长段缺损。     

矿化蚕丝基骨材料修复兔桡骨节段性骨缺损

[目的]探讨仿生制备矿化蚕丝基骨材料在修复兔节段性骨缺损中的作用.[方法]骨缺损模型的设计为：在兔双侧桡骨上各做一个大约1.5 cm的骨缺损,在一侧植入矿化蚕丝基骨材料,另一侧作为对照,未植入任何材料.观察时间阶段为术后4、8、12周.[结果]在术后4、8、12周,分别行大体观察、放射线,组织学切片观察骨缺损的愈合情况.术后12周植入矿化蚕丝基骨材料的一侧兔桡骨缺损完全愈合.对照组缺损处未见骨愈合.[结论]矿化蚕丝基骨材料是比较理想的骨缺损的替代材料.     

生物可降解活性材料修复兔桡骨缺损的实验研究

目的 探讨用可降解多孔块状聚己内酯（PCL）作为骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）的载体,修复骨缺损的可行性。方法 采用兔桡骨骨缺损模型,用上述具有生物活性复合材料修复骨缺损,同时对照单纯PCL及同种异体脱钙骨,经不同的时间的X线片、X线计量学、组织形态学及电镜观察,了解PCL／BMP复合物的成骨作用。结果 PCL／BMP组不同时间新骨形成的量均优于单纯PCL组,其骨缺损修复的方式和速度与同种异体脱钙骨较相似。电镜观察表明,PCL的降解过程与单纯PCL组相比较,PCL／BMP组的降解速度较快,更符合骨缺损愈合的需要。结论 PCL是BMP的良好载体,有修复骨缺损的临床应用可行性。     

仿生活性人工骨修复兔桡骨节段性骨缺损的研究

目的 研制在成分和结构上与天然骨基质高度仿生的新型材料，应用于节段性骨缺损的修复。方法 以Ⅰ型胶原蛋白分子为模板，引入钙磷盐生成体重，合成纳米相羟基磷灰石/胶原（NHAC）并以之为主体，以1：1的质量比加入聚乳酸（PLA）制备多孔框架，与重组人骨形态发生蛋白2（rh-BMP2)复合后植入兔桡骨15mm缺损，观察骨修复情况。结果 所合成的材料具有纳米级的层装排列结构。层间距为11.7nm，实验组中10只兔术后12周骨缺损均完全愈合。结论 NHAC可能成为修复骨缺损的较理想材料，具有较大的临床应用潜力。     

磷酸三钙的特性及其在骨修复中的作用

对于由创伤、肿瘤以及各类感染而造成的骨组织缺损的修复 ,一直是临床上的重要课题。人们对骨替代材料的寻找的历史可追朔到一百多年前 ,从生物惰性材料 (如氧化物陶瓷、金属 ) ,到生物活性材料 (如生物活性玻璃、羟基磷灰石 )及可降解材料 (如乳酸、磷酸三钙 )。理想的骨替代材料 (骨支架 )应具有以下特性 :(1)良好的生物相容性 ;(2 )满足生物力学的要求 ;(3)可以降解 ,且降解过程中不会发生塌陷 ;(4)可作为具有骨诱导和成骨作用的“种植物”的载体。材料的孔径和孔隙率对于以上特性有着非常重要的意义。本文仅就磷酸三钙 (ＴＣＰ)的特性与…     

掺锶硫酸钙及DBM复合材料骨修复能力评价

[目的]制备一种掺锶硫酸钙与DBM复合的骨修复材料,为临床提供一种成骨活性优良的骨修复材料。[方法]制备掺锶硫酸钙与DBM复合的活性骨修复材料,其中锶元素的量为钙含量的6%,掺锶硫酸钙与DBM按体积比1∶1复合。观察兔股骨髁骨缺损模型修复效果,利用X线片观察缺损区域的新骨形成情况,采用MicroCT评价局部的骨量和骨质变化,对组织切片予以Van Gieson(VG)复合染色法染色进行组织形态学观察,荧光双标观测计算成骨速率。[结果]术后动物无死亡,所有兔子切口无渗血或出现分泌物状况,术后活动正常。从MicroCT的BV/TV结果看出实验组在12周时缺损区域已经恢复;掺锶CaSO_4复合材料组缺损部位已经基本修复,CaSO_4组未完全修复。VG组织学观察显示各组均有新生骨小梁生成,荧光双标观测得到的矿化沉积率显示复合材料组新骨生长突出,矿化沉积率为(2.31±0.13)μm/d。[结论]通过MicroCT、VG组织学染色以及荧光双标观测对兔子股骨髁缺损修复效果进行评价,发现复合材料具有较好的骨缺损修复能力。     

复合骨形态发生蛋白胎儿骨修复长骨缺损的实验研究

寻找满意的骨形态发生蛋白（ＢＭＰ）的载体一直是应用ＢＭＰ修复骨缺损研究中的一个重要课题，为探讨胎儿骨（ＦＢ）能否成为ＢＭＰ载体，制备了复合ＢＭＰ胎儿骨（ＢＭＰ／ＦＢ），将其植入兔桡骨中段１５ｍｍ人工缺损处，以单纯ＦＢ植入、异体骨（ＡＬＢ）植入、空白作为对照，通过Ｘ线摄片，光镜观察，电子探针钙磷元素测定等方法了解各组骨缺损修复速度和愈合程度。结果发现ＢＭＰ／ＦＢ植入侧４周时骨缺损处有大量间充质细胞聚集，８周形成骨小梁，ＦＢ基本被吸收，１２周出现部分板层骨，钙磷值达到正常桡骨皮质骨水平，１６周骨细胞成熟，髓腔再通，外观塑形较好，在不同时间点骨缺损修复程度，ＢＭＰ／ＦＢ组明显优于ＦＢ组，ＦＢ组优于ＡＬＢ组，空白组骨缺损则被纤维组织，脂肪组织等填充。实验证明ＦＢ是一种良好的ＢＭＰ载体。     

云南白药促进骨缺损修复及引导性骨再生的实验研究

目的：阐明云南白药促进骨缺损修复及引导性骨再生的愈合机制，为临床上治疗骨折提供理论依据。方法：36只新西兰兔制作桡骨缺损不愈合模型和引导性骨再生模型，随机均分用药组及对照组，手术后3d、1、3、5、10、12周取材，观察骨痂愈合程度的差异及骨痂组织学变化，结果：实验组有明显的促进骨缺损修复作用，并在引导性骨再生中的膜内成骨作用强于对照组，结论：云南白药对骨缺损修复及引导性骨再生有明显的促进作用。     

磷酸钙人工骨结合骨髓基质干细胞移植修复骨缺损的实验研究

目的制备磷酸钙人工骨(calcium phosphats artifieal bone, CPC)与骨髓基质干细胞(bone mesenchymal stem cells, BMSCs)复合物，通过动物实验研究其对骨缺损的修复作用。方法分离、扩增兔的BMSCs，并以CPC为载体制备cPc／BMSCs复合物，植入兔桡骨15mm骨缺损处。于术后不同时间处死动物，通过X线摄片、组织学染色分析和放射性核素监测，观察新骨形成和材料降解情况。同时以单纯的CPC及空白对照组作为对照研究，评价CPC／BMSCs复合物对骨缺损的修复能力。结果CPC／BMSCs复合物可再生新骨组织并完好地修复桡骨缺损，且其修复能力明显优于单纯的CPC。结论以CPC为载体的自体骨髓细胞移植能有效的修复骨缺损。     

Repair of the radial defect of rabbit with polyester/ tricalcium phosphate scaffolds prepared by rapid prototyping technology

Objective： To evaluate the effects of repairing rabbit radial defects with polyester/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds prepared by rapid prototyping technology loaded with bovine bone morphogenetic protein （ bBMP）, and find new carriers for growth factors. Methods： Polyester/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds prepared by rapid prototyping technology loaded with and without bovine BMP were used to repair the 15 mm radial defect in rabbit. Then the results of radiography, histology, scaffolds degrade rates and bone mineral density （BMD） were appraised to examine the effects at the 12th week. Results ： At the 12th week postoperatively, all defects treated with bBMP were radiographically repaired. No radius implanted polyester/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds without bBMP showed radiographic and histological union. At experimental groups, longitudinal alignment of lamellar structure was observed histologically at the 12th week,indicating that remodeling of regenerated bone was complete in different degree. Of the three experimental groups, the bony regeneration and remodeling of callus in poly lactide-co-glycolide/tricalcium phosphate （PLGA/ TCP） group was the best. The BMD values were beyond 70% of normal value at the 12th week while the PLGA/ TCP scaffolds group was the highest, and no abnormalities were observed in the surrounding soft tissue in all groups. Conclusions - Polyester/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds prepared by rapid prototyping technology loaded with bovine BMP can repair a 15 mm radial defect of rabbit. As for the results, the PLGA/TCP scaffold is ideal and better than poly L-lactide-co-D, L-lactide （ PDLLA/TCP ） scaffold, but the ploy L-lactic acid （PLLA/TCP） is not so good for its low degradation rates.     

骨形态发生蛋白-2壳聚糖微球复合组织工程支架修复兔股骨髁部骨缺损的实验研究

目的 探讨重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)壳聚糖缓释微球复合聚乳酸-聚羟乙酸/磷酸三钙(PLGA/TCP)支架修复骨缺损的可行性和有效性.方法 取健康成年新西兰大白兔45只,在40只实验动物股骨髁部制备0.6 cm×1.0 cm骨缺损.实验分4组:A组:缺损组,B组:用PLGA/TCP空白支架修复骨缺损,C组:用等量rhBMP-2复合PLGA/TCP支架修复骨缺损,D组:用rhBMP-2壳聚糖微球复合PLGA/TCP支架修复骨缺损,每组10只动物.另5只动物为正常对照组(E组).应用X线、Micro-CT和组织病理学等方法检测术后4、12 周各实验组骨缺损修复效果.结果 术后4周X线片示:A组无新骨形成.B组有少量新生骨影像形成,C、D组骨缺损部位均有新骨影像形成.术后12周,Micro-CT结果显示:D组骨密度、骨体积分数、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数目等指标均优于B组和C组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组末检测到上述指标.术后4剧,D组可见大量骨组织形成,有部分成熟的骨小梁,PLGA/TCP支架大部分被降解.吸收.术后12周,D组支架和微球完全降解.骨缺损被成熟骨取代;B、C、D组骨长入率分别为5.78%±1.21%、37.26%±6.45%、74.25%±8.91%,3组之间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 复合rhBMP-2壳聚糖微球的PLGA/TCP支架具有良好的骨缺损修复效果,临床应用前景较好.     

新型仿生活性人工骨诱导兔腰椎横突间脊柱融合研究

目的采用先进快速成形技术（RP）结合骨组织工程方法研制新型仿生活性人工骨，并探讨其在兔腰椎横突间脊柱融合的应用情况。方法首先采用RP制备薄块型聚乳酸一聚羟乙酸／磷酸三钙（PLGA／TCP）人工骨载体，进而高效复合牛骨形态发生蛋白（bBMP）以制备仿生活性人工骨。扫描电镜观察载体材料及人工骨超微结构。将健康新西兰兔28只（平均体重4.1kg）随机均分为A、B两组（每组14只）。A组：于兔腰4～5右、左侧横突间分别植入仿生活性人工骨（A1组）、自体髂骨（A2组）；B组：于兔腰4～5右、左侧横突间分别植入复合自体新鲜红骨髓的PLGA／TCP载体材料（B1组）、单纯PLGA／TCP载体材料（B2组）。于术后6周和12周，定期大体观察、手法检测、组织学[苏木素-伊红（HE）、三色法及四环素-钙黄绿素荧光检测]和影像学方法（X、CT）系统评价脊柱融合情况。结果RP制备的PLGA／TCP载体具有规则的空间支架结构、相互贯通的孔隙及材料表面微孔特征。这些均有利于bBMP的高效复合。动物实验结果显示，A1组仿生活性人工骨植入具有强的诱骨活性及骨性融合能力，不仅成骨早、新骨形成量大，而且在新骨形成及改塑的同时载体材料逐渐降解。术后12周可形成较为典型的骨小梁及骨髓结构，骨代谢活性亦接近正常。A2组自体髂骨移植能达到良好骨性融合，但术后12周所形成的新骨结构尚须进一步塑形及完善。B1组、B2组术后12周仍遗有较多的载体材料有待降解，基本无成骨能力。术后12周，A1、A2、B1、1324组横突间融合率分别为100．0％、58．3％、18．2％和0％，A1组融合率最高（P〈0．01）。结论先进RP制备的PLGA／TCP载体不仅具有良好的空间超微结构及孔隙特性，而且能高效复合bBMP以正确构建新型组织工程人工骨。该仿生活性人工骨诱导兔横突间脊柱融合获得成功．为生物制造脊柱外科所需的新型、高效人工骨移植材料奠定了重要基础。     

组织工程骨修复颅颌面骨缺损预塑形技术的研究

目的：采用快速成型技术对组织工程支架材料进行预塑形,探讨其在治疗颅颌面骨缺损中的应用前景.方法：选择1 0只成年杂交犬,均拟行组织工程骨修复颅颌面骨缺损实验研究（下颌骨节段缺损,颅骨全层缺损）,螺旋CT连续薄层容积扫描,数据传至工作站后行三维重建,按实验设计方案进行模拟手术,并转换成＊.stl文件格式,快速成型机制造骨缺损三维实体模型,据此制作阴模,填充磷酸三钙高温烧结后制成多孔支架,复合骨髓基质细胞后回植,螺旋CT检测组织工程骨和骨缺损完全匹配情况.结果：10例均按预设计制备骨缺损三维实体模型,据此制备个性化组织工程支架材料,手术回植和骨缺损完全匹配.结论：采用快速成型技术可对组织工程骨支架材料进行预塑形,对未来组织工程技术治疗复杂性颅颌面骨缺损具有重要的临床实用价值.     

BMP复合仿生人工骨填塞犬股骨假体周围髓腔骨缺损的实验研究

目的评估仿生人工骨（PLGA／TCP）材料作为BMP缓释系统载体材料修复犬假体涂层多孔钛周围骨缺损的可行性。方法给予8只犬进行右侧股骨头置换术，并充分扩髓，周围填充BMP复合的PLGA／TCP骨移植材料，应用X线拍片、组织和荧光观察、EDX及SEM检测、骨密度定量分析等方法，观察负重情况下该材料的实际效果。结果术后X线显示，未有出现透亮带、无假体下沉，未见骨质吸收；20周时骨与假体之间紧密接触，多孔钛内骨组织明显长入，以编织骨为主。植入的活性人工骨已经完全降解，骨小梁结构成熟；假体植入肢体与非手术肢体骨密度之比，显示在术后1个月假体植入侧的骨密度值有所降低，而后逐渐升高。结论多孔钛涂层有助于假体内骨与假体的固定，BMP复合PLGA／TCP作为新的骨移植材料应用于关节外科，有广泛的潜力和价值。     

基于陕速成型技术的可控结构多孔硅酸钙支架的制备及体外研究

目的 利用快速成型技术制备可控结构多孔硅酸钙(rapid pfototyping-calcium silicate,RP-CS)支架,并评价其特性和体外生物学表现.方法 利用间接快速成型技术,结合固态自由成型和凝胶铸模的优点.制备町控结构RP-CS支架.与采用间法制备的多孔磷酸钙(RP-tricalcium phosphate,RP-TCP)支架相对照,将其置人体外模拟体液(simulated body fluid,SBF)、体外骨髓细胞共培养进行研究.结果 所制备RP-CS支架具有相互连通的孔道结构,平均孔隙率为71%,平均轴向压缩强度为28MPa.平均孔道直径为(555.82±29.77)μm.体外SBF浸置试验发现RP-CS支架上有羟基磷灰石的沉积,说明此支架具有体外生物活性.体外细胞共培养试验表明,兔骨髓细胞可以在此支架表面贴附并分化.MTT表明共培养7 d、14 d,细胞增殖RP-CS组均明显高于RP-TCP组(P<0.05).共培养7 d时,碱性磷酸酶活性RP-CS组明显高于RP-TCP组(P<0.05),提示CS可能具有促进骨髓细胞向成骨细胞分化的能力.结论 利用快速成型技术制备的可控结构RP-CS具有良好的生物相容性,在骨组织工程领域具有广泛应用前景.     

The masquelet induced membrane technique with BMP and a synthetic scaffold can heal a rat femoral critical size defect

Long bone defects can be managed by the induced membrane technique together with autologous bone graft. However, graft harvest is associated with donor site morbidity. This study investigates if a tricalcium phosphate hydroxyapatite scaffold can be used alone or in combination with bone active drugs to improve healing. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 40) were randomized into four groups. (A) scaffold, (B) BMP‐7, (C) BMP‐7 + scaffold, and (D) BMP‐7 + scaffold + systemic bisphosphonate at 2 weeks. Locked femoral nailing was followed by 6 mm segment removal and implantation of an epoxy spacer. At 4 weeks, the spacers were removed and the defects grafted. Eleven weeks later, the bones were explanted for evaluation with radiography, manual assessment, micro‐CT, histology, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Isolated scaffolds (A) did not heal any defects, whereas the other treatments led to healing in 7/10 (B), 10/10 (C), and 9/10 (D) rats. Group D had greater volume of highly mineralized bone (p < 0.01) and higher bone volume fraction (p < 0.01) compared to all other groups. A synthetic scaffold + BMP‐7 combined with a bisphosphonate improved the callus properties in a rat femoral critical size defect, compared to both BMP‐7 and scaffold alone or the two combined. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:488–495, 2015.     

Repair of bone defect in caprine tibia using a laminated scaffold with bone marrow stromal cells loaded poly (L-lactic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate

Repair of bone defects of a critical size encounters many problems, and many efforts aim to build a porous scaffold loading bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) or bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) to quickly repair bone defects. In this paper, a laminated scaffold was designed and tested for the repair of bone defects in a caprine tibia. Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) were fabricated to a sandwich structured composite that was then rolled up to form a cylindrical shaped, porous scaffold. The porosity and bending strength of the PLLA/β-TCP laminated scaffold were around 70% and 1.7 MPa, respectively. Results from in vitro experiments showed that the pH value of the scaffold in water fluctuated between 4.9 and 7.0 during its degradation. When exposed to the simulated body fluid, the scaffold lost its strength after 11 weeks of degradation. After implantation in Chinese caprines' diaphyseal defects with loaded allogeneic BMSCs, the scaffold sped up the bone repair without collapse of the scaffold and the unwanted inflammatory response, and then rapidly degraded and finally disappeared at 12 weeks. Gross examinations and pullout tests showed that the experimental caprines walked normally and the implanted leg could be heavily loaded. X-ray examinations and histological analyses showed new bone tissues formed with similar structures to normal ones. It is suggested that the novel PLLA/β-TCP laminated scaffold with BMSCs loading can regenerate new bones quickly.     

An injectable composite material containing bone morphogenetic protein‐2 shortens the period of distraction osteogenesis in vivo

To investigate new methods that can decrease the duration of bone transport (BT) distraction osteogenesis, we injected composite materials containing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) and induced the generation of a callus bridge by rapid segmental transport (4 mm/day) in a rabbit bone defect model. The composite materials consisted of BMP‐2 (0, 30, or 100 µg), β‐tricalcium phosphate powder (βTCP, 100 mg/animal; particle size, <100 µm), and polyethylene glycol (PEG; 40 mg/animal). A paste of equivalent composition was percutaneously injected at the lengthening and the docking sites after surgery and after BT, respectively. The radiographic, mechanical, and histological examinations 12 weeks post‐operative revealed that the generation of bridging callus in the presence and in the absence of BMP‐2 was significantly different. The callus mass in the bone defect region was adequately and consistently developed in the presence of 100 µg of BMP (administered for 6 weeks), and the bones were consolidated in 12 weeks. Such an adequate callus formation was not observed in the control animals without BMP‐2 treatment. The result of this experimental study suggests the potential application of BMP‐2 in accelerating callus formation and in enabling rapid bone transporting, thereby shortening the treatment period for the repair of diaphyseal bone defects by distraction osteogenesis. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:452–456, 2011     

Effects of Pore Size on the Osteoconductivity and Mechanical Properties of Calcium Phosphate Cement in a Rabbit Model

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) porous scaffold is widely used as a suitable bone substitute to repair bone defect, but the optimal pore size is unclear yet. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of different pore sizes on the processing of bone formation in repairing segmental bone defect of rabbits using CPC porous scaffolds. Three kinds of CPC porous scaffolds with 5 mm diameters and 12 mm length were prepared with the same porosity but different pore sizes (Group A: 200–300 µm, Group B: 300–450 µm, Group C: 450–600 µm, respectively). Twelve millimeter segmental bone defects were created in the middle of the radius bone and filled with different kinds of CPC cylindrical scaffolds. After 4, 12, and 24 weeks, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), histological assessment, and mechanical properties evaluation were performed in all three groups. After 4 weeks, ALP activity increased in all groups but was highest in Group A with smallest pore size. The new bone formation within the scaffolds was not obvious in all groups. After 12 weeks, the new bone formation within the scaffolds was obvious in each group and highest in Group A. At 24 weeks, no significant difference in new bone formation was observed among different groups. Besides the osteoconductive effect, Group A with smallest pore size also had the best mechanical properties in vivo at 12 weeks. We demonstrate that pore size has a significant effect on the osteoconductivity and mechanical properties of calcium phosphate cement porous scaffold in vivo. Small pore size favors the bone formation in the early stage and may be more suitable for repairing segmental bone defect in vivo.