Fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules--evaluation of its role in diagnosis and management

Thyroid swelling is a common problem in India. Early and systematic evaluation of a nodular thyroid swelling is necessary as it is a frequent presentation of thyroid neoplasia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules. With the help of statistical parameters, the significance of FNAC in surgical decision making protocol has been evaluated. A comparison between final histopathological findings with initial FNAC findings is done and sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and accuracy of FNAC is calculated and compared to already existing studies. A total of 120 cases of nodular thyroid were included, among which 12 cases were excluded from statistical analysis as they were managed conservatively. Total operated cases were 108 and study period was from November 2006 to October 2009. Analysis revealed sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNAC as 90%, 84.6% and 86.1% respectively. There were 12 FNAC false positive cases among which 9 were follicular neoplasm and 3 were Hurthle cell neoplasm which ultimately came as benign in histopathology. Only 3 cases of adenomatous nodule as per FNAC report proved to be papillary carcinoma on histology (ie, false negative). This study concludes that FNAC is an important diagnostic tool in early and cost effective evaluation of thyroid nodules. It helps in decision making for appropriate surgical/non-surgical management.     

二维超声联合超声造影诊断甲状腺微小癌的准确性研究

目的 本研究旨在评价二维超声联合超声造影诊断甲状腺微小癌的准确性。方法 连续纳入自2013年6月~2015年1月经二维超声检出的直径≤1.0cm的可疑恶性的甲状腺结节患者593例,共853个结节,采用同步、盲法,将超声的检查结果与手术病理结果进行比较,并分别计算二维超声以及二维超声联合超声造影诊断甲状腺微小癌的敏感度（Sen）、特异性（Spe）、准确性、阳性预测值（PV+）、阴性预测值（PV-）、阳性似然比（LR+）、阴性似然比（LR-）,将二维超声的敏感度等7个评价指标与二维超声联合超声造影的敏感度等7个评价指标进行比较。结果 ①二维超声诊断甲状腺微小癌的敏感度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比、阴性似然比分别为83.1%、80.1%、82.4%、91.7%、65.0%、4.2、0.21;②二维超声联合超声造影诊断甲状腺微小癌的敏感度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比、阴性似然比分别为88.4%、83.3%、87.0%、93.1%、73.7%、5.3、0.14;③根据①②得出二维超声联合超声造影诊断甲状腺微小癌与单用二维超声诊断甲状腺微小癌的敏感度、特异性以及准确性的差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 二维超声联合超声造影诊断甲状腺微小癌的准确性明显高于单纯使用二维超声诊断检查,尤其是对于甲状腺微小癌二维超声恶性征象不典型或良性结节具有一定恶性征象的患者,两者联合使用可明显降低其误诊率。     

超声弹性成像和常规超声检查对甲状腺结节诊断价值的对比分析

目的：探讨超声弹性成像对甲状腺结节的诊断价值。方法：85例患者104个甲状腺结节采用常规超声和超声弹性成像检查,比较两种检查方式的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断准确率。结果：104个甲状腺结节经手术后病理证实良性结节78个,恶性结节26个。常规超声对良恶性结节诊断的灵敏度为61.5%,特异度为69.2%,阳性预测值为40.0%,阴性预测值为84.4%,诊断准确率为67.3%;超声弹性成像对良恶性结节诊断的灵敏度为92.3%,特异度为91.0%,阳性预测值为77.4%,阴性预测值为97.3%,诊断准确率为91.4%。各项统计指标比较,超声弹性成像优于常规超声检查（P〈0.05）。结论：超声弹性成像通过硬度分级对甲状腺结节进行定性诊断,大大提高了诊断准确率,在甲状腺结节性疾病的诊断中具有重要的临床价值。     

人工智能自动检测系统在甲状腺结节术前超声诊断中的应用

目的 探讨人工智能（AI）自动检测系统在甲状腺结节术前超声诊断中的应用价值。方法 选择2019年4月至2019年7月海军军医大学（第二军医大学）长征医院普通外科收治的98例甲状腺结节患者（共137个甲状腺结节）,回顾性分析其病理学资料和超声检查结果。所有患者术前均进行常规超声检查和AI自动检测系统检测,以术后病理学结果为金标准,分析比较常规超声检查与AI自动检测系统检测两种方法对甲状腺结节良恶性的诊断效果,计算其灵敏度、特异度、准确度,采用Kappa检验评估两种方法检查结果与术后病理的一致性。结果 常规超声检查诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为93.75%（90/96）、80.49%（33/41）、89.78%（123/137）,AI自动检测系统诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为89.58%（86/96）、68.29%（28/41）、83.21%（114/137）。Kappa一致性检验结果显示,常规超声检查与病理诊断结果一致性较高（Kappa=0.75,P<0.001）;AI自动检测系统与病理诊断结果一致性一般（Kappa=0.59,P<0.001）。结论 AI自动检测系统诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的灵敏度、准确度稍逊于常规超声检查,但较相近,可作为术前评估甲状腺结节良恶性的有效补充。     

甲状腺结节大小对细针穿刺细胞学及多模态超声诊断准确度的影响

目的 探讨细针穿刺细胞学（fine-needle aspiration cytology,FNAC）及多模态超声及两者联合在不同大小甲状腺结节诊断准确度。 方法 回顾性选取甲状腺结节患者152例（160个结节）,所有患者均行FNAC、多模态超声及组织病理检查,根据结节大小分组：A组（≤10 mm）64个结节,B组（10～30 mm）61个结节,C组（≥30 mm）35个结节;以组织病理为金标准,分析比较各组FNAC、多模态超声及联合的诊断准确度。 结果 160个甲状腺结节组织病理检出恶性结节75个,FNAC检查检出Ⅰ级结节5个、Ⅱ级结节45个、Ⅲ级结节25个、Ⅳ级结节23个、Ⅴ级结节27个、Ⅵ级结节35个;B组、C组FNAC的准确度、敏感度高于A组,B组特异度高于A组、C组（P＜0.05）;3组多模态超声的准确度、特异度、敏感度比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;A组联合的准确度、特异度、敏感度高于FNAC（P＜0.05）;C组联合的准确度、特异度高于FNAC（P＜0.05）。 结论 大小≤10 mm、≥30 mm的甲状腺结节会降低FNAC对其良恶性诊断准确度,联合多模态超声诊断有利于提高FNAC诊断≤10 mm、≥30 mm的甲状腺结节良恶性的准确度。     

甲状腺结节细针穿刺细胞学检查63例分析

目的:评价细针穿刺细胞学检查(FNAC)在甲状腺结节诊断中的作用。方法:对比分析63例甲状腺结节细针穿刺后行手术治疗患者的细胞病理学与组织病理学诊断结果。结果:细针穿刺细胞学结果与术后组织病理学诊断结果比较,诊断总符合率为90.48%(57/63),FNAC判断甲状腺良恶性结节性质的敏感性、特异性和诊断准确率分别为78.95%、95.45%和90.48%。结论:FNAC对甲状腺结节良恶性诊断价值较高,与组织病理学检查总体诊断符合率较好,是一种安全、有效的术前确诊手段。     

弹性成像对甲状腺微小癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨高频超声结合弹性成像对甲状腺微小癌的诊断价值。方法：收集2015年1月至2018年1月温州市中心医院经细针穿刺活检或手术治疗的甲状腺微小癌患者68例,回顾性分析高频超声特征、弹性成像评分及应变率比值并进行定性诊断,将其与手术或细针穿刺结果进行对比。结果：68例患者共87个结节,高频超声结合弹性成像诊断良性微小结节55个,甲状腺微小癌32个;手术或细针穿刺结果诊断良性微小结节59个,甲状腺微小癌28个。高频超声结合弹性成像评分诊断甲状腺微小癌的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为89.2%、89.8%、89.7%、80.6%和89.8%;ROC曲线结果显示,弹性应变率比值的最佳截断值为2.98,其诊断甲状腺微小癌的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为82.1%、84.7%、83.9%、71.8%和90.1%。结论：高频超声是微小甲状腺癌评估的基础,结合弹性成像可以提高对微小甲状腺癌的诊断价值。     

A study on thyroid nodules: diagnostic correlation between fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathology

This study evaluated the effectiveness of fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodules to reliably diagnose thyroid malignancy, using histopathology as the 'gold standard'. Out of 126 patients, 106 underwent surgery. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of fine needle aspiraton cytology to diagnose a papillary carcinoma in this study were 80.7%, 96.5% and 87.0% respectively. The accuracy of fine needle aspiraton cytylogy was 80.9%. Six cases that were benign by fine needle aspiraton cytology were confirmed to have malignant lesion by histopathological examination. High resolution ultrasonography could be useful in these situations for considering surgery.     

超声造影在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声造影对甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断的价值。方法 回顾分析接受超声检查的72例甲状腺结节患者(77个结节),对结节进行超声造影检查,与术后病理或穿刺病理结果对比,分析增强模式对甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断的价值。结果 在77个甲状腺结节中,42个为恶性结节,35个为良性结节。不均匀增强模式诊断甲状腺恶性结节的灵敏度、特异度、准确率分别为71.4%(30/42)、91.4%(32/35)、80.5%(62/77)。结论 超声造影增强模式对甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断具有较高价值。     

Comparison between Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology with Histopathology to Validate Accurate Diagnosis of Palpable Breast Lump

A prospective study of 114 patients was conducted to assess the clinical correlation and diagnostic accuracy between FNAC and histopathology of breast lumps. Correlation was found out between clinical suspicion with FNAC and histopathological findings. The results obtained from histopathology were matched with those of FNAC and a correlation was sought based on statistical tests. Statistical analysis was performed on data and sensitivity and specificity with positive and negative predictive value were obtained. Although FNAC was performed on 114 patients presented with breast lump but histopathology available for 75 cases. Fifteen cases were found to be malignant on both FNAC and histopathology. For malignant lesion the sensitivity of the study was 96% and the specificity for malignant lesions was 100%. The positive predictive value was 100% and the negative predictive value was 95.12%. It was concluded that FNAC is a cheap, rapid, reliable and accurate test of diagnosing a palpable breast lump. It provides a good histological correlation, thus avoiding undue surgical biopsy prior to definitive surgery for malignancy.     

高频超声、弹性成像联合超声造影在甲状腺结节诊断中应用价值

目的 探讨应用高频超声、弹性成像联合超声造影在甲状腺良性结节诊断中的应用价值.方法 选取唐山市人民医院2015年2月至2016年6月收治的甲状腺结节患者98例(124个结节)作为观察对象.所有患者于术前进行高频超声、弹性成像和超声造影及联合检查对结节病变内部结构、内部回声情况、结节形状、边界清晰度、周边声晕规则度及钙化程度等方面进行观察.以术后病理检查为金标准,应用受试工作特征曲线(ROC)评价各诊断方法的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及诊断符合率.结果 124个甲状腺结节,良性结节75个,恶性结节49个,两组间结节大小差异无统计学意义(t=1.086,P>0.05).甲状腺良性结节与恶性结节高频超声图像在病变内部结构、内部回声情况、结节形状、边界是否清晰、周边声晕是否规则及钙化程度等方面比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01).甲状腺良性结节弹性成像0~Ⅱ级比例(89.33%)明显高于甲状腺恶性结节(12.24%),Ⅲ~Ⅳ级比例(10.67%)明显低于甲状腺恶性结节(87.76%)(P<0.01).甲状腺良性结节与恶性结节超声造影图像在灌注强度及是否均匀增强、是否存在灌注缺损、形状、边界清晰度等方面比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);造影定量参数比较,良性结节与恶性结节的曲线尖度差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),但始增时间、达峰时间、峰值强度及曲线下面积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).常规高频超声的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及诊断符合率分别为51.02%、74.67%、56.82%、70.00%、65.32%,弹性成像分别为81.63%、90.67%、85.11%、88.31%、87.10%,超声造影分别为89.80%、88.00%、83.02%、92.96%、88.71%,而三者联合检测分别为97.96%、93.33%、90.57%、98.59%、95.16%,较弹性成像及超声造影显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 甲状腺良、恶性结节诊断中应用高频超声、弹性成像联合超声造影具有较高的临床诊断价值,可明显提高其诊断准确率.     

超声造影对桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺结节的诊断价值

目的 评价桥本甲状腺炎(HT)背景下超声造影(CEUS)对甲状腺结节的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析了48例HT患者共62个结节的CEUS特征,计算增强模式及增强程度对HT背景下甲状腺恶性结节的诊断价值。结果 增强程度(P=0.002)和增强模式(P＜0.001)在HT背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节组间差异有统计学意义。不均匀增强诊断HT背景下甲状腺恶性结节的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为97.6%、85.7%、93.0%、94.7%和93.5%。低增强诊断HT背景下甲状腺恶性结节的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为85.4%、52.4%、77.8%、64.7%和74.2%。结论 不均匀增强对于HT背景下甲状腺恶性结节具有较好的诊断价值。对于常规超声诊断困难的甲状腺结节,CEUS可以提高诊断的准确性。     

超声弹性成像技术对慢性淋巴细胞性 甲状腺炎结节的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨分析超声弹性成像技术对慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎（CLT）结节的鉴别诊断价值。 方法 回顾性分析北京积水潭医院住院手术治疗的84 例CLT 合并甲状腺实性结节患者的临床资料。结节112 个,经病理证实合并良性结节41 个,合并恶性结节患者71 个。患者术前行常规超声和超声弹性成像检查,分析 2 种检查方式对CLT 合并微小结节的诊断价值。结果 常规超声诊断敏感性为74.65%,特异性为63.41%,准 确率为70.54% ;采用超声弹性评分法诊断敏感性为87.32%,特异性为85.37%,准确率为86.61% ;常规超声联 合超声弹性评分诊断敏感性为94.37%,特异性为97.56%,准确率为95.54% ;超声弹性应变率比值诊断敏感性 为83.10%、特异性为90.24%、准确率为85.71%。采用ROC 曲线分析超声弹性评分和弹性应变率比值对良 恶性结节的诊断价值,结果显示,超声弹性评分诊断曲线下面积为0.872,弹性应变率比值诊断曲线下面积为 0.922。结论 超声弹性成像可反映甲状腺结节硬度,其中弹性评分和弹性应变率比值有较高的诊断价值,在 实际工作中可联合运用超声弹性成像技术和常规超声检查,以提高CLT患者合并甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断准确率。     

针刺细胞学检查及超声术前评估甲状腺结节良恶性的应用研究

目的探讨甲状腺结节细针穿刺细胞学检查及超声评估系统对术前良恶性甲状腺结节鉴别及诊断价值。方法对我院250例甲状腺结节患者的超声声像图资料,细针穿刺细胞学检查结果及其中同时采用手术病理学检查的41例患者病理学资料进行比较分析。结果与手术病理检查结果相比,细针穿刺细胞学检查结果的符合率为87.8%,诊断甲状腺癌的特异性为92.6%,敏感性为78.6%;超声评估系统诊断符合率为92.7%,诊断甲状腺癌的特异性为96.3%,敏感性为85.7%。与超声评估系统比较,细针穿刺细胞学检查结果诊断符合率为80.4%,诊断甲状腺癌的特异性为90.4%,敏感性为43.4%。结论甲状腺结节细针穿刺细胞学检查及超声评估系统对术前良恶性甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断价值较高,临床上值得应用和推广。     

US-FNA联合CK-19、TPO检测对C-TIRADS 4A/4B分类甲状腺结节的诊断价值

目的 探究超声引导下细针穿刺（US-FNA）联合细胞角蛋白（CK-19）、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPO）检测对C-TIRADS 4A/4B分类甲状腺结节的诊断价值。方法 选取2021年4月—2023年4月在西南医科大学附属中医医院治疗的98例甲状腺结节患者,共纳入123个结节,患者均接受术后病理检查,结节良恶性诊断明确。所有患者行US-FNA检查,采用免疫组织化学MaxiVision两步法检测CK-19、TPO表达。结果 98例（123个）结节中,术后病理检查诊断良性结节87个（70.73%）,恶性36个（29.27%）。经US-FNA诊断,恶性结节以Ⅴ类为主,为52.78%(19/36),良性结节以Ⅱ类为主,为56.32%(49/87)。恶性结节的CK-19阳性表达率、TPO阴性表达率均高于良性结节（P <0.05）。以术后病理检查为金标准,123个结节经US-FNA检查漏诊13个,误诊3个;经CK-19检查,漏诊7个,误诊11个;经TPO检查,漏诊10个,误诊13个;联合诊断漏诊9个,误诊2个。US-FNA检查诊断甲状腺结节恶性的准确率为86.99%,敏感性为88.5%(95...     

超声造影LI-RADS在慢性肝病患者肝局灶性病变恶性风险评估中的价值

目的　探讨超声造影肝脏影像报告与数据系统（LI-RADS）在慢性肝病患者肝局灶性病变恶性风险评估中的应用价值。方法　回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年10月至上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院行肝脏超声造影检查的具有肝细胞肝癌（HCC）高危因素的肝局灶性病变151例患者197枚结节的临床和影像学资料,根据美国放射学院（ACR）LI-RADS（2017版）标准对结节进行超声造影LI-RADS分级。目标病灶的诊断均经组织病理、CT或MRI增强诊断并随访证实。利用诊断试验公式计算超声造影LI-RADS分类标准诊断肝脏恶性病灶的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度。结果　入组197枚结节中恶性病灶126枚、良性病灶71枚。超声造影LI-RADS诊断LR-1类结节12枚、LR-2类24枚、LR-3类39枚、LR-4类14枚、LR-5类90枚、LR-M类18枚。以LR-5类为HCC诊断标准时,其诊断HCC的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度分别为77.57%（83/107）、92.22%（83/90）、92.22%（83/90）、77.57%（83/107）、84.26%（166/197）;以LR-4+5类为HCC诊断标准时,其诊断HCC的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度分别为86.92%（93/107）、87.78%（79/90）、89.42%（93/104）、84.95%（79/93）、87.31%（172/197）;2个标准的诊断价值差异无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。LR-M类诊断肝脏非HCC恶性病灶的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度分别为73.68%（14/19）、97.75%（174/178）、77.78%（14/18）、97.21%（174/179）及95.43%（188/197）。结论　超声造影LI-RADS为超声造影的标准化评估提供了参考标准,对HCC具有较好的诊断效能,对肝脏非HCC恶性病灶也有较高的诊断特异度和准确性。     

Accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Aims and Objectives: To assess the accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Methodology: A prospective randomized study was carried in the Dept. of Radiology and Imaging, Tribhuvan University, Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 120 patients, who were clinically diagnosed as acute appendicitis were subjected to ultrasonography of the abdomen. A detailed ultrasonography was performed and the findings were recorded. Twenty one cases had alternate diagnosis. Ninety nine cases ultimately underwent laparotomy and the retrieved appendices were sent for histopathological examination. Intra-operative, histopathological and ultrasonographic diagnoses were then statistically analyzed. Results: Ultrasonographic, intra-operative and histopathological findings were statistically insignificant (P0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy percentage of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis was 85.7%, 100%, 100%, 6.7% and 85.9% respectively. Conclusion: Ultrasonography has a high degree of accuracy in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. However, the diagnosis should be considered with the diameter of appendix over 6 mm. Therefore acute appendicitis with diameter of appendix having less than 6 mm should be evaluated with other diagnostic parameters. Key words: Acute Appendicitis, Ultrasonography.     

超声剪切波弹性成像在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别中的诊断效能

目的:分析超声剪切波弹性成像(SWE)在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别中的诊断效能。方法:回顾性分析该院2019—2020年收治的88例甲状腺结节患者的临床资料。对其进行二维超声和SWE检查,以手术病理结果为金标准,比较二维超声与SWE对良恶性甲状腺结节的诊断效能,以及诊断甲状腺恶性结节的图像特征。结果:手术病理结果显示,良性结节36例,恶性结节52例;SWE诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的特异度、灵敏度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值均高于二维超声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);SWE检查甲状腺恶性结节低或极低回声检出率和微钙化检出率均高于二维超声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);二维超声与SWE对甲状腺恶性结节边界和声晕检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:SWE检查在甲状腺炎结节良恶性鉴别中的诊断效能高于二维超声。     

Comparison of fine needle aspiration cytology, radioisotopic and ultrasound scanning in the management of thyroid nodules

In 175 patients presenting with thyroid nodules, the diagnostic value in management of fine needle aspiration and cytology (FNAC), pertechnetate (99mTc) scanning and ultrasound imaging was examined. In 82 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed at operation; in the remaining 93, there was a follow-up period of at least 2 years. Thyroid cancer was found in 13 patients. For FNAC the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for thyroid cancer were 92%, 85% and 41% respectively compared with 82%, 34% and 11% for 99mTc pertechnetate scanning, 75%, 61%, 19% for ultrasound and 73%, 58% and 19% for combined pertechnetate and ultrasound scanning. In 14% of patients, the aspirates were inadequate for cytology at the first examination. FNAC is therefore the preferable initial investigation and usually gives results adequate for a decision on surgical or medical management. With medical management and follow-up, ultrasound is of value in defining the nodule and the appearance of the rest of the gland.     

常规超声诊断困难的甲状腺结节的超声造影定性及定量研究

目的 探讨超声造影定性指标及定量参数对常规超声诊断困难的甲状腺结节的诊断价值。方法 在2011年11月~2015年12月就诊于北京协和医院的甲状腺结节患者中,前瞻性纳入常规超声诊断困难结节,65例患者共71个结节,所有患者均经手术治疗,术前均行常规超声和超声造影检查。以手术病理结果为金标准,分析超声造影灌注模式及时间强度曲线指标在良恶性鉴别中的意义。结果 恶性组10个(14.1%)结节,其中5个乳头状癌,5个滤泡癌;良性组61个(85.9%)结节,其中44个(72.1%)结节性甲状腺肿,14个(23.0%)腺瘤,3个(4.9%)桥本甲状腺炎。恶性组最大径2.80±1.48cm,良性组最大径2.89±1.35cm,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。超声造影灌注增强模式在良恶性组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不均匀增强的模式更易发生于恶性病变,诊断敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为50.0%、95.1%、62.5%、92.1%。余超声造影定性指标(增强方向、增强程度)和超声造影定量参数(增强始增时间、达峰时间、峰值强度、峰值降半时间和相对达峰时间、相对达峰强度)在良恶性病变中差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 超声造影增强模式有助于鉴别常规超声诊断困难的甲状腺结节,其他指标均无法有效鉴别良恶性。