Twenty-Four Hour Pattern of Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Perfusion Pressure in Night Shift Workers

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) in night shift workers. Methods: Seventy-one healthy individuals who work the night shift were evaluated. IOP and OPP were measured in the sitting position in each participant. Measurements were obtained at rest time (09:00, 12:00, 16:00) and night-shift time (20:00, 24:00, 04:00, 08:00). Results: The mean age of the 33 females and 38 males was 35.6?±?7.5 years (range 20-53 years). Mean IOP values were different between the measurements at 9:00 and 12:00 (p?=?0.00), at 9:00 and 16:00 (p?=?0.00), at 12:00 and 16:00 (p?=?0.00), at 16:00 and 24:00 (p?=?0.02), at 24:00 and 04:00 (p?=?0.02), and at 24:00 and 08:00 (p?=?0.00). Mean OPP values were significantly different only between the measurements at 9:00 and 20:00 (p?=?0.01). Conclusion: This study revealed that IOP and OPP in night shift workers show 24-hour variations.     

U-Shaped Effect of Blood Pressure on Structural OCT Metrics and Retinal Perfusion in Ophthalmologically Healthy Subjects

PurposeWe wanted to investigate the association of blood pressure (BP) status with the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of nonglaucomatous eyes and to elucidate whether this effect is related to vascular metrics proxying retinal perfusion.MethodsFor this case-control study, we prospectively included 96 eyes of 96 healthy subjects (age 50–65) from a large-scale population-based cohort in the northern Netherlands (n = 167,000) and allocated them to four groups (low BP, normal BP [controls], treated arterial hypertension [AHT], untreated AHT). We measured macular GCIPL and RNFL (mRNFL) and peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL) thicknesses with optical coherence tomography (OCT). We estimated retinal blood flow (RBF), retinal vascular resistance (RVR), and autoregulatory reserve (AR) from quantitative OCT-angiography, fundus imaging, BP, and intraocular pressure. We compared structural and vascular metrics across groups and performed mediation analysis.ResultsCompared to controls, GCIPL was thinner in the low BP group (P = 0.013), treated hypertensives (P = 0.007), and untreated hypertensives (P = 0.007). Treated hypertensives exhibited the thinnest mRNFL (P = 0.001), temporal pRNFL (P = 0.045), and inferior pRNFL (P = 0.034). The association of GCIPL thickness with BP was mediated by RBF within the combined low BP group and controls (P = 0.003), by RVR and AR within the combined treated hypertensives and controls (P = 0.001, P = 0.032), and by RVR within the combined untreated antihypertensives and controls (P = 0.022).ConclusionsInner retinal thinning was associated with both tails of the BP distribution and with ineffective autoregulation. Longitudinal studies could clarify whether these defects can explain the reported glaucomatous predisposition of these population groups.     

Retinal vessel diameter changes induced by transient high perfusion pressure

AIM: To investigate the effects of transient high perfusion pressure on the retinal vessel diameter and retinal ganglion cells. METHODS: The animals were divided into four groups according to different infusion pressure and infusion time (60 mm Hg-3min, 60 mm Hg-5min, 100 mm Hg-3min, 100 mm Hg-5min). Each group consisted of six rabbits. The left eye was used as the experimental eye and the right as a control. Retinal vascular diameters were evaluated before, during infusion, immediately after infusion, 5min, 10min and 30min after infusion based on the fundus photographs. Blood pressure was monitored during infusion. The eyes were removed after 24h. Damage to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) was analyzed by histology. RESULTS:Retina became whiten and papilla optic was pale during perfusion. Measurements showed signi?cant decrease in retinal artery and vein diameter during perfusion in all of the four groups at the proximal of the edge of the optic disc. The changes were significant in the 100 mm Hg-3min group and 100 mm Hg-5min group compared with 60 mm Hg-3min group (P1=0.025, P2=0.000). The diameters in all the groups recovered completely after 30min of reperfusion. The number of RGC showed no signi?cant changes at the IOP in 100 mm Hg with 5min compared with contralateral untreated eye (P＞0.05). CONCLUSION: Transient fluctuations during infusion lead to temporal changes of retinal vessels, which could affect the retinal blood circulation. The RGCs were not affected by this transient fluctuation. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of pressure during real-time phacoemusification on retinal blood circulation.     

No Apparent Association Between Ocular Perfusion Pressure and Visual Field Damage in Normal-Tension Glaucoma Patients

Purpose To investigate the correlation of ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) with general and localized visual field damage in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients. Methods Correlations between OPP, blood pressure, age, intraocular pressure, refractive error, and extent of visual field damage in the eye with the worst mean deviation (MD) were investigated retrospectively in 94 eyes of 94 NTG patients. Visual fields were analyzed statistically with respect to 15 sectors betwen two age-matched groups of subjects with high or low OPP. Results Significant positive correlations were found between OPP and age (P < 0.001), blood pressure and age (P < 0.05), and MD and refractive error (P < 0.01). OPP had no significant correlation with MD or mean sensitivity in the visual field in any of the visual field sectors. Conclusion OPP and systemic blood pressure have no evident effect on the extent or pattern of visual field damage in NTG.     

High Glucose Aggravates Retinal Endothelial Cell Dysfunction by Activating the RhoA/ROCK1/pMLC/Connexin43 Signaling Pathway

PurposeThis research aims to explore the mechanism underlying the relationship between RhoA/ROCK signaling and Connexin43 (Cx43) in retinal endothelial cell dysfunction and to evaluate the protective effect of ROCK inhibitors against retinal endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy (DR) models.MethodsTUNEL staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining, a retinal digestion assay, and Evans blue assay were conducted to explore the effect of fasudil in alleviating retinal dysfunction induced by DR. ELISA, the CCK-8 assay, and flow cytometry were conducted to study inflammation, viability, and apoptosis of mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells treated with high glucose and ROCK inhibitors. The qRT–PCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate the expression of RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, MLC, pMLC, and Cx43. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to verify the interaction between pMLC and Cx43. Immunofluorescence and scrape-loading and dye transfer were used to evaluate the expression and function of Cx43.ResultsMarked endothelial cell dysfunction resulting from the activation of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling was found in in vivo and in vitro models of DR. Via interaction with pMLC, which is downstream of RhoA/ROCK1, a significant downregulation of Cx43 was observed in retinal endothelial cells. Treatment with ROCK inhibitors ameliorated retinal endothelial dysfunction in vitro. The ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, significantly alleviated retinal dysfunction as shown by a decrease of retinal acellular capillaries, an improvement of vascular permeability, and a reduction of cell apoptosis in vivo.ConclusionsOur study highlights a novel mechanism that high glucose could activate RhoA/ROCK1/pMLC signaling, which targets the expression and localization of Cx43 and is responsible for cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation, resulting in retinal endothelial cell injury. ROCK inhibitors markedly ameliorate endothelial cell dysfunction, suggesting their therapeutic potential for diabetic retinopathy.     

眼铁质沉着症导致视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的：观察和分析由眼铁质沉着症（OS）导致的视网膜脱离患者临床特征。方法：回顾性系列病例 研究。收集2016年1月至2019年12月在武汉大学附属爱尔眼科医院收治的由OS导致的视网膜脱离 并接受手术治疗的患者12例（12眼）,分析其临床特征,包括最佳矫正视力、视网膜脱离复位情况以 及异物存留位置。视力的比较应用秩和检验。结果：末次随访时有6例术后视力有改善,5例术后视 力无明显改善,1例术后视力进一步下降。所有患者术前术后最佳矫正视力变化差异有统计学意义 （Z=2.09, P=0.037）。4例合并存在视网膜裂孔的患者出现了视网膜脱离的复发。结论：OS导致的视网 膜脱离患者视力预后较差,存在视网膜裂孔易导致视网膜脱离复发。     

The Circadian Variations in Systemic Blood Pressure, Ocular Perfusion Pressure, and Ocular Blood Flow: Risk Factors for Glaucoma?

Intraocular pressure, a major risk factor for glaucoma, is known to vary throughout the day, yet glaucoma continues to progress in some patients despite it being well controlled. It is important to understand how other glaucomatous risk factors are affected by circadian variations. The purpose of this review is to analyze the literature concerning circadian variations in systemic blood pressure, ocular perfusion pressure, and ocular blood flow and to identify consensus findings regarding their impact on glaucoma. This review suggests that nonphysiologic nocturnal blood pressure dipping and wider circadian fluctuations in ocular perfusion pressure are linked with the development and progression of glaucoma. No consensus concerning circadian variations in ocular blood flow exists in the current literature, and future investigations of nocturnal changes in blood flow and glaucoma progression are required.     

维甲酸对人RPE细胞胞间通讯功能和Cx43表达的影响

目的观察培养的人视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞中连接蛋白Cx43的表达特点，以及维甲酸（RA）对人RPE细胞生长和细胞间缝隙连接功能、细胞间通道蛋白Cx43表达的影响及其相互关系。方法免疫组织化学方法观察缝隙连接蛋白（Cx43）在培养的人RPE细胞中的表达特点；不同浓度的RA作用于培养的第4代人的色素上皮细胞，用MTT方法观察RA对体外培养人RPE细胞生长的抑制；用LY染料传输方法测定细胞间隙连接功能，观察这三组不同浓度的RA对人RPE细胞缝隙连接功能的影响；免疫组织化学方法鉴别不同浓度RA影响后的缝隙连接蛋白Cx43的表达，用计算机灰度测量的方法评估表达的强度并作统计学分析。结果免疫组织化学染色显示体外培养的人RPE细胞表达缝隙连接蛋白Cx43，表达的部位主要在细胞浆和细胞膜上；RA对人RPE细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用，其抑制作用呈剂量依赖性；LY染料传输试验表明在RA的作用下RPE细胞间通讯功能明显增强；经计算机图像分析表明RA使连接蛋白Cx43表达增强，增强的程度与RA的浓度呈正相关。结论体外培养的人RPE细胞可以表达Cx43蛋白，RA抑制培养的色素上皮细胞的生长，提高细胞间隙连接通讯功能，上调Cx43蛋白在人RPE细胞中的表达。     

EGF对人视网膜色素上皮细胞胞间通讯功能和Cx43表达的影响

目的探讨培养的人视网膜色素上皮(retinalpigmentepithelium,RPE)细胞中连接蛋白Cx43的表达,以及表皮生长因子(epidermalgrowthfactor,EGF)对人视网膜色素上皮细胞间缝隙连接功能、细胞间通道蛋白Cx43表达的影响。方法免疫组化的方法观察Cx43在培养的人RPE细胞中的表达特点,用10mg·L-1、20mg·L-1、30mg·L-1不同浓度的EGF作用于培养的第4代人RPE细胞后,观察缝隙连接蛋白Cx43的表达强弱变化,用计算机灰度测量的方法评估表达的强度并作统计学分析。用LY染料传输方法测定细胞间隙连接功能,观察这3组不同浓度的EGF对人RPE细胞缝隙连接功能的影响。结果免疫组化染色显示体外培养的人RPE细胞表达缝隙连接蛋白Cx43,经计算机图像分析表明EGF使连接蛋白Cx43表达减弱,下调的程度与EGF的浓度呈正相关。LY染料传输试验显示在EGF作用下视网膜色素上皮细胞间通讯功能明显降低。结论体外培养的人RPE细胞表达Cx43,EGF可以减弱细胞间隙连接通讯功能、下调Cx43在人RPE细胞中的表达。     

中等强度有氧运动对健康青年人眼压的影响

目的：探讨中等强度有氧运动对健康青年人眼压的影响。方法：前瞻性研究。选取中南大学爱尔眼科学院2016级、2017级硕士研究生28例（28眼），其中男14例，女14例，所有受试者均在同一跑步机进行中等强度运动，速度为7～9 km/h。采用iCare-pro眼压计测量右眼眼压，臂式血压计测量血压，根据公式“眼灌注压=2/3平均动脉压-眼压”计算。分别收集运动前，运动期10、20、30 min，休息 10、30 min共6个时间点的数据。采用重复测量方差分析对数据进行分析。结果：最终纳入27例（27 眼）：①不同时间点眼压总体差异有统计学意义（F=75.0，P<0.001），运动期10、20、30 min较运动前眼压均降低，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。②不同时间点收缩压、舒张压总体差异均有统计学意义（F=31.7，P<0.001；F=19.7，P<0.001），运动期10、20、30 min收缩压、舒张压较运动前均升高，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。③不同时间点眼灌注压总体差异有统计学意义（F=56.9，P<0.001），运动期10、20、30 min眼灌注压较运动前均升高，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。④运动后休息 10 min，眼压、收缩压、舒张压、眼灌注压与运动前差异均无统计学意义。结论：中等强度有氧运动使健康青年人眼压降低，血压及眼灌注压升高，运动后休息10 min，眼压、血压、眼灌注压均恢复至运动前水平并趋于稳定。     

实验性急性高眼压对兔视网膜电图的影响

目的：检测家兔实验性急性高眼压不同压力状态下视网膜电图的变化。方法：采用视电生理检测仪测定家兔实验前,30mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),60mmHg,90mmHg和120mmHg前房高压灌注45min及恢复正常眼压4h的视网膜电图（Flash Electroretinogram FERG)和振荡电位（Oscillatory Potentials,OPs)。结果：对照组和30mmHg组视电生理检测在实验前后无差异。60mmHg组在高压持续45min后,b波和OPs波振幅下降,4h后恢复正常。90mmHg和120mmHg组在高压45min后,FERG波形消失。4h后有不同程度恢复。结论：随着实验性高眼压压力的升高,家兔视网膜功能损伤加重,恢复能力减弱。     

Effects of Topically Instilled Bunazosin Hydrochloride and Other Ocular Hypotensive Drugs on Endothelin-1-induced Constriction in Rabbit Retinal Arteries

Purpose To compare the inhibitory effect of topically instilled bunazosin hydrochloride (bunazosin), a selective ₁-adrenoceptor antagonist, on the endothelin (ET)-1-induced vasoconstriction in rabbit retinal arteries with the effects of other ocular hypotensive drugs.Methods ET-1 was injected into the central part of the vitreous of both eyes of pigmented rabbits. Color fundus photographs were taken 5min before and 60min after the injection. The average diameters of the two major retinal arteries at the rim of the optic nerve head (ONH) were normalized with respect to ONH diameter. Fifty microliters of 0.01% bunazosin, or 0.12% isopropyl unoprostone (unoprostone), 1% dorzolamide hydrochloride (dorzolamide), 0.25% nipradilol, 0.5% betaxolol hydrochloride (betaxolol), or 0.5% timolol maleate (timolol) was instilled into one eye of each rabbit 60min before the ET-1 injection. The series of experiments was performed as masked tests.Results Bunazosin and unoprostone inhibited the ET-1-induced constriction of retinal arteries by 103% (P = 0.012 versus contralateral eyes) and 50% (P = 0.037), respectively. Dorzolamide, nipradilol, betaxolol, and timolol had no significant effects in this experiment.Conclusions Under our experimental conditions, bunazosin and unoprostone inhibited the ET-1-induced constriction. Hence, bunazosin and unoprostone may be clinically more effective against ET-1-related retinal diseases. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004;48:465–469 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2004     

Intravitreal Injection of PACAP Attenuates Acute Ocular Hypertension–Induced Retinal Injury Via Anti-Apoptosis and Anti-Inflammation in Mice

PurposePituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has shown potent neuroprotective effects in central nervous system and retina disorders. However, whether PACAP can attenuate retinal neurodegeneration induced by acute ocular hypertension (AOH) and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PACAP on the survival and function of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), apoptosis, and inflammation in a mouse model of AOH injury.MethodsPACAP was injected into the vitreous body immediately after inducing AOH injury. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and optical coherence tomography were used to evaluate the loss of retina tissue. Pattern electroretinogram was used to evaluate the function of RGCs. TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis. Immunofluorescence and western blot were employed to evaluate protein expression levels.ResultsPACAP treatment significantly reduced the losses of whole retina and inner retina thicknesses, Tuj1-positive RGCs, and the amplitudes of pattern electroretinograms induced by AOH injury. Additionally, PACAP treatment remarkably reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells and inhibited the upregulation of Bim, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-xL after AOH injury. Moreover, PACAP markedly inhibited retinal reactive gliosis and vascular inflammation, as demonstrated by the downregulation of GFAP, Iba1, CD68, and CD45 in PACAP-treated mice. Furthermore, upregulated expression of NF-κB and phosphorylated NF-κB induced by AOH injury was attenuated by PACAP treatment.ConclusionsPACAP could prevent the loss of retinal tissue and improve the survival and function of RGCs. The neuroprotective effect of PACAP is probably associated with its potent anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects.     

Optical Coherence Tomography and Management of a Retinal Granuloma in Presumed Ocular Sarcoidosis

Purpose: To highlight the utility of EDI-OCT and periocular steroid administration for the treatment of a retinal granuloma due to presumed ocular sarcoidosis. Methods: Retrospective case-study of a single patient. Results: A 45-year-old African-American male with blurred vision in the right eye was found to have a macula-involving retinal granuloma. Laboratory, imaging, and clinical findings were consistent with a diagnosis of presumed ocular sarcoidosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus photographs were used to document granuloma evolution. Oral prednisone 60mg was initiated and tapered to 10mg within 2 months. Due to systemic side-effects and inadequate treatment response with prednisone, 5 sub-Tenon’s triamcinolone acetonide (PSTA) injections were then administered over 7 months, and oral prednisone was discontinued at 6 months. Conclusion: This case demonstrated marked granuloma regression occurring with improvement in visual acuity, highlighting the utility of OCT and PSTA in managing retinal sarcoid granulomas.     

终末期糖尿病肾病患者围血液透析期眼部相关参数变化

目的：观察终末期糖尿病肾病(end-stage diabetic nephropathy,ESDN)患者围血液透析期眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)、眼灌注压(ocular perfusion pressure,OPP)、中央前房深度(central anterior chamber depth,CACD)和黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度(subfoveal choroidal thickness,SFCT)变化的特点,评估血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)对ESDN患者眼部血供的可能影响。

方法：病例前后对照研究。观察我院肾病科HD治疗的ESDN患者42例84眼,在HD开始前30min、开始后2h、结束后30min内,分别测量收缩压和舒张压,手持式回弹式眼压计测量眼压,经换算得出OPP(OPP=4/9舒张压+2/9收缩压-眼压)。HD开始前30min和结束后30min内,分别采用光学相干生物测量仪测量CACD,光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)测量SFCT。对HD前后各测量参数采用方差齐性检验、ANOVA分析、LSD-t组间比较和配对样本t检验进行统计学分析。

结果：ESDN患者84眼中,HD开始前30min、开始后2h与结束后30min相比,收缩压差异无统计学意义(F=0.254,P=0.783); 舒张压差异无统计学意义(F=0.114,P=0.896); IOP差异有统计学意义(F=7.527,P=0.001); OPP差异有统计学意义(F=4.692,P=0.027)。HD开始前30min与开始后2h相比,IOP差异有统计学意义(t=-3.646,P=0.001),IOP较HD前升高; OPP差异有统计学意义(t=2.321,P=0.022),OPP较HD前降低。HD开始前30min与结束后30min相比,IOP差异有统计学意义(t=-2.977,P=0.003),IOP较HD前升高; OPP差异无统计学意义(t=0.219,P=0.872); CACD差异有统计学意义(t=6.291,P<0.05),CACD较HD前变浅; SFCT差异有统计学意义(t=5.736,P<0.05),SFCT较HD前变薄。

结论：HD后可致ESDN患者IOP不同程度升高,OPP一过性降低,前房变浅,脉络膜血供减少。HD前应评估ESDN患者的眼部状况,采取有效的监测和预防措施,降低HD引起眼部血供状态变化对视功能的可能影响。     

Intraocular pressure and ocular hemodynamics in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma treated with the combination of morning dosing of bimatoprost and dorzolamide hydrochloride

Acta Ophthalmol. 2011: 89: e57–e63

Abstract.

Aims: This prospective, multicenter, single‐masked study evaluated the additive effect of dorzolamide hydrochloride 2% on the diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) curve and retinal and retrobulbar hemodynamics in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) treated with morning‐dosed bimatoprost 0.03%. Methods: Eighty‐nine patients (aged, 60.7 ± 11.8 years, range 33–80; 68 women) with POAG received bimatoprost dosed once in the morning for 1 month, after which dorzolamide was added twice daily for 2 months. IOP (Goldmann) and arterial blood pressure (BP) and diurnal ocular perfusion pressures (OPP) were measured every 2 hr for 24 hr. Heidelberg retina flowmetry of the retinal microcirculation was recorded four times daily in 64 patients and colour Doppler imaging of the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries was recorded five times daily in 25 patients. All measurements were taken after the two phases of treatment and compared using anova analysis with Bonferroni adjustment. Results: Mean baseline IOP was 16.5 ± 3.4 mmHg. Mean diurnal IOP with dorzolamide adjunctive therapy (12.9 ± 2.1 mmHg) was significantly lower compared to mean IOP with bimatoprost monotherapy (13.6 ± 2.2 mmHg) (p = 0.03). Adjunctive dorzolamide therapy significantly decreased vascular resistance in the ophthalmic artery (p = 0.02). Mean diastolic BP and OPP were significantly lower after adjunctive therapy. There were no changes in retinal microcirculation between the two phases of treatment. Conclusions: Adjunctive dorzolamide therapy to morning‐dosed bimatoprost 0.03% reduced diurnal IOP and vascular resistance in the ophthalmic artery but did not alter retinal circulation in this group of patients with POAG.     

Time Course of Age-dependent Changes in Intraocular Pressure and Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in DBA/2J Mouse

Glaucoma is a major cause of irreversible blindness and is characterized by the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) [1]. This death of RGCs is frequently associated with an elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP) [2].However, the understanding of how elevated IOP leads to cell death is hampered by the lack of an animal model that emulates the clinical time course for decades. Mouse studies have proven helpful for investigating human complex diseases. The DBA/2J mouse, which is inheri…     

lncRNA Ttc3-209 Promotes the Apoptosis of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Retinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Targeting the miR-484/Wnt8a Axis

PurposeApoptosis of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can cause irreversible damage to visual function after retinal ischemia reperfusion injury (RIR). Using a lncRNA chip assay, we selected lncRNA Ttc-209 and characterized its role in RGCs during ischemia reperfusion (I/R)–induced apoptosis.MethodsWe created an ischemic model of RGCs by applying Hank''s balanced salt solution containing 10 µM antimycin A and 2 µM calcium ionophore for 2 hours. RIR was induced in mice by elevating the intraocular pressure to 120 mm Hg for 1 hour by cannulation of the cornea; this was followed by reperfusion. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and target gene mRNA. Western blotting, flow cytometry, immunofluorescent staining, and TUNEL assays were performed to detect cell apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and FISH were used to identify endogenous competitive RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms that link lncRNAs, miRNAs, and target genes. We also used scotopic electroretinography examinations to evaluate visual function in treated mice.ResultslncRNA Ttc3-209 was significantly upregulated after I/R injury and played a proapoptotic role in RGCs during I/R-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, lncRNA Ttc3-209 is a ceRNA that competitively binds to miR-484 and upregulates the translation of its target (Wnt8a mRNA), thus promoting apoptosis in RGCs.ConclusionsReducing the expression of lncRNA Ttc3-209 had a protective effect against apoptosis in RGCs. This may provide a new therapeutic option for the prevention of RGC apoptosis in response to RIR injury.