遗尿报警器治疗特定亚型儿童单一症状遗尿症疗效观察

目的：观察遗尿报警器治疗小于年龄相应膀胱容量而无夜尿增多的单一症状遗尿症(MNE)的疗效。方法15例诊断为小于年龄相应膀胱容量而无夜尿增多的MNE患儿应用遗尿报警器治疗,并辅以睡前2 h限制饮水等基础治疗,每月复诊随访。以初次持续治疗2~3个月,连续14个夜晚无遗尿为治疗成功;停止治疗后又出现2周内遗尿≥2次为复发,并再次应用遗尿报警器治疗和随访。结果患儿男9例、女6例,平均年龄(9.76±4.24)岁(6~15岁)。第1个疗程结束时,13例治疗成功,2例因家庭配合度不佳,改用去氨加压素治疗。随访期内,5例复发,再次应用遗尿报警器治疗,4例治疗成功并未再复发,另1例治疗失败。总治愈率80%。结论遗尿报警器治疗小于年龄相应膀胱容量而无夜尿增多MNE有效。     

去氨加压素对单症状遗尿症患儿症状及睡眠质量影响

目的 探讨去氨加压素(DDAVP)治疗单症状遗尿症(MNE)患儿症状和睡眠改善情况.方法 选择2018—2020年门诊就诊的69例MNE患儿进行为期12周的DDAVP治疗随访研究,12周后根据遗尿改善情况将患儿分为治疗改善组和无改善组,分析DDAVP治疗对遗尿症状和睡眠质量的影响.结果 基线入组的69例MNE患儿中,7...     

Going Dutch in nocturnal enuresis

Based on several intervention programmes, a strategy for the treatment of nocturnal enuresis has recently been developed by an expert committee in the Netherlands. It consists of three parts. First, two structured interviews are given: one to differentiate between enuresis and incontinence and one to detect associated problems such as diurnal enuresis, constipation or behavioural problems. Secondly, a medical examination is made, confined to the inspection of the external genitalia and lower back, palpation of the abdomen and urine examination. Thirdly, the following guidelines for treatment at different age levels are applied: up to the age of 6 years no intervention is needed; between the ages of 6 and 8 years, lifting out of bed and/or the calendar method; between the ages of 8 and 12 years, enuresis alarm (if not successful, medication with desmopressin is prescribed for a restricted period of time), and ambulatory dry-bed training in a group setting may follow; over 13 years of age, clinical dry-bed training according to the Messer/Azrin method is advised. According to the expert committee, these guidelines offer sufficient possibilities to deal with the problem of nocturnal enuresis.     

Hypercalciuria in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to measure the 24 h urinary calcium content in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and compare with those in healthy children to investigate whether there is any relation with enuresis and hypercalciuria.Material and methodsThis study included 120 children and adolescents with MNE aged between 7 and 14 years. Eighty age- and sex-matched healthy children served as a control group. To determine urinary calcium excretion, 24 h urine samples were collected. The children with enuresis were divided into two sub-groups as hypercalciuric and normocalciuric groups according to the amount of urinary calcium excretion.ResultsHypercalciuria was found in 27 (23%) of the MNE patients compared with two (4%) of continent children (p < 0.001). In addition, the mean 24 h urine calcium/body weight ratio was higher in the enuresis group than in the control group, 2.94 ± 2.42 versus 1.59 ± 1.72, respectively (p = 0.002). When the children with enuresis were divided into two groups as normokalsiuric and hypercalciuric, the hypercalciuric children were younger and the majority of this group were boys..ConclusionsOur study showed that hypercalciuria is common in children with MNE, so we suggested measuring urine calcium levels in NE patients. However, further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between hypercalciuria and NE in larger series..     

遗尿报警器治疗学龄前儿童原发性单症状性夜遗尿症的临床研究（附95例报告）

目的　探讨遗尿报警器治疗学龄前儿童原发性单症状性夜遗尿症的疗效。方法　选取2017年1月至2018年7月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院收治的中重度原发性单症状性夜遗尿症患儿95例，年龄3.5～6.0岁。按照随机分组的方法，其中治疗组53例采用遗尿报警器治疗，对照组42例采用基础治疗。治疗3个月或达到连续干床14d（治疗成功）停止。治疗成功者停止治疗1个月，记录复发例数。重新报警器治疗3个月，观察疗效。结果　治疗组7例（13.2%）未达疗程退出，余46例中治疗完全有效（FR）29例，部分有效（PR）7例，治疗无效（NR）10例。其中FR组25例治疗成功，治疗成功所需疗程最短42d。治疗成功者停止治疗1个月，复发例数11例。8例重新使用报警器治疗3个月，均可达到治疗完全有效。对照组3例（7.1%）失访，39例观察3个月，均未达到连续干床14 d。对照组FR 0例，PR 17例，NR 22例。两组治疗完全有效率采用Fisher精确概率法检验，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝55.10，P＝0.00）。报警器治疗NR组，5例（50%）患儿年龄＜4岁，而FR+PR组，仅有3例（8.3%）年龄＜4岁，采用P earson卡方检验，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝9.457，P＝0.007）。入组患儿均未发现严重不良反应。结论　遗尿报警器治疗学龄前儿童原发性单症状性夜遗尿症患儿安全、 有效，报警器干预的年龄以4岁以上为宜。报警器是逐渐起效的，获得成功治疗的时间＞1个月。     

儿童隐性脊柱裂对单症状性夜遗尿治疗及复发的影响

目的 探讨隐性脊柱裂对儿童单症状性夜遗尿治疗及其复发的影响.方法 选择2018年9月至2019年9月单症状性夜遗尿患儿186例,从中筛选出伴隐性脊柱裂患儿98例,随机分为对照组(醋酸去氨加压素组)41例和观察组(醋酸去氨加压素联合奥昔布宁组)57例,所有患儿均给予干床训练.观察患儿治疗6个月和停药3个月的治疗效果、复发...     

尿渗透压检测在小儿遗尿症中的应用

目的探讨尿渗透压检测在儿童遗尿症诊治中的应用价值。方法50例原发性遗尿儿童,于治疗前测定夜间尿量及尿渗透压、夜间血清抗利尿激素（AVP）,并给予口服去氨加压素（DDAVP）治疗,根据DDAVP的治疗反应分为有效（DR）35例,无效（DNR）15例。30例正常儿童对照组,测定夜间尿量和尿渗透压。结果遗尿儿童夜间尿渗透压与夜间尿量呈负相关（r=-0.506,P〈0.05）,与夜间AVP呈正相关（r=0.725,P〈0.05）。DR儿童夜间尿渗透压水平为（682.71±213.95）mOsm/L,尿量为（265.14±164.48）ml,血清AVP浓度为（4.06±1.66）pg/ml;DNR患儿夜间尿渗透压水平为（1085.00±88.88）mOsm/L,尿量为（125.33±50.97）ml,血清AVP浓度为（7.27±1.48）pg/ml。两者比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。结论遗尿儿童夜间尿渗透压与尿量、血清AVP浓度有相关性。夜间尿渗透压可反映遗尿儿童夜间AVP的分泌水平。夜间尿渗透压降低的遗尿儿童夜间AVP分泌不足,对DDAVP治疗疗效好,尿渗透压的测定对选择DDAVP治疗有参考价值。     

Diurnal plasma vasopressin and urinary output in adolescents with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis

Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels, urinary flow and urine osmolality were investigated in a group of adolescents (20 boys and 5 girls), aged 11–21 y, with severe monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and a control group of healthy adolescents (16M and 4F) with similar age- and sex-distribution. Half of the control group was investigated twice, with an interval of 6 months. AVP samples were taken every fourth hour in all adolescents and half of the control group were also investigated every second hour to achieve more samples during controlled sleep. After the study the enuretic group were put on long-term oral desmopressin (DDAVP). The difference between day and night values of AVP was significant for both groups, but there was no difference in the day/night ratios of plasma-AVP. All the adolescents produced less urine while asleep, but the controls produced significantly more urine than the enuretics during day. The controls also had a significantly larger nocturnal elevation of urine osmolality than the enuretics, thus a tendency towards polyuria was found. We could not find any significant difference between responders to DDAVP treatment and non-responders in any of the parameters studied. AVP is secreted in a pulsatile fashion and with point hormone samples taken every fourth or second hour we were unable to find any difference in the diurnal AVP secretion between enuretics and normal controls.     

Epidemiology of childhood nocturnal enuresis in Malaysia

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in primary school children in Malaysia and to determine the factors associated with primary nocturnal enuresis. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey. A total of 3371 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to parents of children aged 7, 9 and 12 years attending four primary schools in the city. The ICD-10 definition of enuresis was used. RESULTS: From an overall response rate of 73.8%, nocturnal enuresis was reported in 200 children (8%), primary nocturnal enuresis in 156 children (6.2%) and secondary nocturnal enuresis in 44 children (1.8%). Fifty-three percent of those with primary enuresis had a positive family history, and 54% had two or more wet nights per week. Eighty-seven percent had not sought any form of treatment despite 74% admitting to being embarrassed. Using logistic regression analysis, only three factors were significant predictors of primary nocturnal enuresis. These were: (i) younger age (P < 0.001); (ii) male sex (P < 0.033); and (iii) Indian ethnic group (P < 0.044) compared to Chinese. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in urban-dwelling Malaysian children is similar to that reported from Korea and Taiwan but appears to be lower than that reported from developed countries. Predictive factors associated with primary nocturnal enuresis included lower age group, male sex and Indian ethnicity.     

原发性遗尿症患儿治疗前后自我意识变化的初探

目的 分析评估儿童原发性遗尿症（PNE）自我意识评价状况以及遗尿治疗对自我意识的影响。方法 选择2005年7月至2006年1月在复旦大学附属儿科医院确诊的8~16岁PNE患儿为研究对象。排除患有可引起尿床的器质性疾病、治疗前存在高血压、单亲家庭、父母离异、有其他家庭问题及慢性疾病的患儿。指导PNE患儿自己填写Piers Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)。随后患儿分3组接受不同方法治疗遗尿:生物反馈治疗组、口服醋酸去氨加压素治疗组和口服中药治疗组，疗程均为1个月。治疗结束3个月后再次指导患儿自己填写PHCSS。通过心理分析软件分析两次自我意识评价结果。结果 研究期间共纳入PNE患儿54例，男29例，女25例，平均年龄（10.0±0.6）岁。其中轻度遗尿15例，中度遗尿20例，重度遗尿19例。治疗遗尿前54例患儿自我意识评价结果中焦虑得分显著低于常模（P<0.01）；并且轻、中和重度PNE患儿焦虑得分均显著低于常模（P<0.01），不同遗尿严重程度患儿得分差异无统计学意义。其中12例接受生物反馈治疗，14例接受醋酸去氨加压素治疗，28例接受中药治疗。治疗后有44例接受了自我意识评价随访，治疗遗尿后患儿焦虑得分较治疗前明显增加（P<0.05），其中口服醋酸去氨加压素组治疗后焦虑得分明显提高（P<0.05）。遗尿治疗有效的患儿得分明显高于治疗前（P<0.05），而治疗无效的患儿治疗前、后自我意识各项得分差异无统计学意义。结论 治疗前PNE患儿自我意识评价结果中焦虑得分低下，通过治疗遗尿其自我意识评价也可得到改善，并且临床疗效好的患儿自我意识改善明显。     

Efficacy and safety during long-term treatment of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis with desmopressin. Swedish Enuresis Trial Group

The Swedish Enuresis Trial (SWEET) was conducted to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of intranasal desmopressin treatment in children with primary, monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE). The study had an open, multicentre design and comprised a 4-wk observation period, a 6-wk dose titration period (with 20-40 microg desmopressin) and a 1-y, long-term treatment period. A treatment-free week was introduced every 3 mo to identify dry patients. In total, 399 children aged 6-12 y with PMNE were recruited. Of these, 245 patients (61%) experienced > or = 50% reduction in the number of wet nights during the last 4 wk of dose titration compared with the observation period. These responders entered the long-term phase of the trial. The mean number of wet nights per week decreased from a median of 5.3 (range 1.3-7.0) during the observation period to a median of 0.8 (range 0.0-5.0) during the last 3-mo period. Seventy-seven children became dry, 63 (83%) within 6 mo of treatment initiation. The percentage of children who became dry was similar in all age groups. Significantly fewer children in the lowest age group were defined as responders (52%; 95% CI 45, 59) among the 6-7-y-olds compared to 65% (56, 74) and 81% (72, 90) in the two older age groups. Desmopressin was well tolerated. No serious drug-related adverse events were recorded and no clinical symptoms of hyponatraemia were reported. The SWEET trial has demonstrated that desmopressin is both safe and effective for the long-term treatment of PMNE, with a significant therapeutic effect also in children of 6-7 y of age.     

遗尿症儿童感觉统合能力的研究

目的：分析原发性夜间遗尿症(PNE)儿童的感觉统合能力,探讨感觉统合失调在原发性遗尿症发生中的作用。方法：采用感觉统合能力发展量表对46例PNE组儿童及46例正常对照组儿童进行感觉统合功能测试,对两组结果采用t检验和χ2检验进行统计分析。结果：PNE组与对照组儿童感觉统合失调的发生率分别为82.6%和43.5%,其中重度失调的发生率分别为36.9%和2.1%,两组间差异有显著性（P﹤0.01）;PNE组所有感觉统合功能因子得分均明显低于对照组,差异有显著性(P﹤0.01)。结论：PNE组儿童存在感觉统合失调现象,感觉统合功能失调在PNE发生中可能有一定作用。     

Diagnosing daytime bladder symptoms in children with nocturnal enuresis: A comparison of brief parental questionnaire with in‐depth,physician‐elicited,assessment

Aims: To assess the accuracy of brief parental questionnaire reporting of daytime bladder symptoms in children with nocturnal enuresis and compare with in‐depth reporting elicited by physician assessment, for diagnosing monosymptomatic and non‐monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Methods: A cross‐sectional study of consecutive children attending an outpatient nocturnal enuresis clinic at a tertiary paediatric hospital participated in the study. Parents were asked to complete a questionnaire as part of routine assessment at their first visit which was compared with a detailed clinical assessment by the physician involving eliciting a thorough history from the parent and child. Results: Parents of 585 children participated in the study (mean age 9.2 years, range 5.0–17.5 years). Sixty percent of children were males. There was poor agreement between initial parental reporting and physician diagnosis of monosymptomatic and non‐monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (Kappa = 0.3, 95% confidence interval 0.21–0.37), mainly because parents underreport daytime incontinence and urgency compared with physician‐elicited information (43% vs. 69% and 66% vs. 87%, respectively). Conclusions: Parents underreport daytime symptoms by 20–25%. Reliance on a brief parental history without prompting by physicians for daytime symptoms for diagnosing type of nocturnal enuresis may be misleading and result in suboptimal management.     

原发性遗尿症儿童感觉统合能力的对照研究

目的：探索儿童原发性夜间遗尿症（PNE）与感觉统合能力的关系。方法：采用儿童感觉统合能力发展量表,对70例PNE患儿进行感觉统合功能测试,并与74例正常儿童进行对照研究。结果：PNE组感觉统合失调发生率 (76% vs 35%)、重度感觉统合失调发生率(39% vs 18%) 明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。PNE组儿童所有感觉统合功能因子得分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论：PNE患儿普遍存在感觉统合失调,并且是多方面的,故对PNE患儿进行感觉统合功能测试,并针对性地对伴发的感觉统合失调问题进行训练很有必要。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（5）：341-343］