本专科实习学生职业认同感的调查分析

目的调查本专科实习学生职业认同感情况,为提出加强学生职业认同感的措施提供依据。方法采用自设问卷,对我校实习后期的50名本科学生和50名专科学生进行职业认同感的调查。结果本、专科学生职业认同感总分分别为（3.18±0.49）分和（3.43±0.37）分。本科学生专业认同感得分低于专科学生（P〈0.05）。对于加强职业认同感的措施,学生更倾向于寻求社会人群的支持、临床带教教师以实例进行现身教育、在教学中寓职教育这几种形式。结论本科学生的职业认同感低于专科,应采取针对性的教育方法,提高学生的职业认同感。     

Professional identity in nursing: A mixed method research study

Professional identity is developed through a self-understanding as a nurse along with experience in clinical practice and understanding of their role. Personal and professional factors can influence its development. A recent integrative literature review synthesised factors that influenced registered nurse’s perceptions of their professional identity into three categories of the self, the role and the context of nursing practice. This review recommended that further research was needed into professional identity and how factors and perceptions changed over time. The aims of this study were to explore registered nurses’ understanding of professional identity and establish if it changed over time. A mixed-methods study using a two-stage design with an on-line survey and focus groups was implemented with registered nurses who were studying nursing at a postgraduate level in Australia or Scotland. The reported influences on professional identity related to the nurse, the nursing role, patient care, the environment, the health care team and the perceptions of nursing. Professional development and time working in the profession were drivers of changes in thinking about nursing, their role and working context and their professional identity. Additionally, participants sought validation of their professional identity from others external to the profession.     

Madagascar nursing needs assessment: education and development of the profession

Purpose: To address how Madagascar is improving nursing education and the profession to strengthen their nursing workforce. Background: The sub‐Saharan Africa nursing workforce shortage is more than 600 000. Madagascar measures among affected countries. Nursing in Madagascar with reference to the Malagasy Lutheran Church Health Department (SALFA) is examined in this paper. The Malagasy Lutheran Nursing School (SEFAM) was established in 1956 to prepare nurses and midwives. The school recently relocated to better meet SALFA goals to increase nurses in the system and improve nursing education. A US nursing faculty and the SEFAM director proposed to conduct programme assessment to ensure that nursing and midwifery education meet health, social and community needs in Madagascar. Data source/methods: An in‐depth needs assessment of the school programme, facilities and resources occurred. Site visits and informal interviews were held. Field study visits to nursing schools and health‐care facilities in Kenya and Tanzania assisted the authors in learning how nursing developed in those countries. Data analysis included comparison of the authors' comprehensive notes for congruity and accuracy. Outcomes: Strategies are needed to support and maintain quality education, improve quality and quantity of nursing care services in hospitals and dispensaries, and improve conditions for nurses and other health‐care workers. Compared with Madagascar, Kenya and Tanzania have more well‐developed systems of nursing education and professional development. Limitations: There were limited written sources for some information but methods, such as verbal accounts, compensated for this limitation. Implications/conclusions: Implications include advantages, disadvantages, facilitators and barriers to nursing educational and professional development in Madagascar. Development of nursing education, regulation and the profession will continue with support from key stakeholders. Kenya and Tanzania can serve as role models for Madagascar nurses. Countries with similar nursing education and professional development issues can be informed by lessons learned in this project.     

全日制护理硕士在读研究生职业认同及相关因素调查

目的调查全日制护理硕士在读研究生职业认同现状,并分析其相关因素。方法采用护士职业认同量表,对7家医学院共96名全日制护理硕士在读研究生进行问卷调查。结果全日制护理硕士研究生职业认同总分为（35.95±5.40）,7个维度平均得分为4.33～5.69分,其中把握度得分最高（5.69±0.11）,组织影响感得分最低（4.33±0.16）。多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、工作经验、入学前职称是职业认同的影响因素。54.17%的护理硕士研究生选择去学校工作,35.42%选择去医院从事临床护理工作。结论全日制护理硕士在读研究生的职业认同处于中等水平,年龄和工作经验是其相关因素。多数护理硕士研究生倾向于去学校工作,应加强对其就业指导,引导他们根据护理学科的发展趋势调整就业定位。     

Delineating advanced practice nursing in New Zealand: a national survey

Background

A variety of advanced practice nursing roles and titles have proliferated in response to the changing demands of a population characterized by increasing age and chronic illness. Whilst similarly identified as advanced practice roles, they do not share a common practice profile, educational requirements or legislative direction. The lack of clarity limits comparative research that can inform policy and health service planning.

Aims

To identify advanced practice roles within nursing titles employed in New Zealand and practice differences between advanced practice and other roles.

Method

Replicating recent Australian research, 3255 registered nurses/nurse practitioners in New Zealand completed the amended Advanced Practice Delineation survey tool. The mean domain scores of the predominant advanced practice position were compared with those of other positions. Differences between groups were explored using one‐way ANOVA and post hoc between group comparisons.

Results

Four nursing position bands were identified: nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, domain‐specific and registered nurse. Significant differences between the bands were found on many domain scores. The nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist bands had the most similar practice profiles, nurse practitioners being more involved in direct care and professional leadership.

Conclusions

Similar to the position of clinical nurse consultant in Australia, those practicing as clinical nurse specialists were deemed to reflect the threshold for advanced practice nursing. The results identified different practice patterns for the identified bands and distinguish the advanced practice nursing roles.

Implications for nursing policy

By replicating the Australian study of Gardener et al. (2016), this NZ paper extends the international data available to support more evidence‐based nursing workforce planning and policy development.     

The nurse match instrument: Exploring professional nursing identity and professional nursing values for future nurse recruitment

From April 1st 2015 it will be mandatory for Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in the United Kingdom (UK) providing pre-qualifying health care higher education to use a Values Based Recruitment (VBR) tool, to ensure only the candidates with the “right” personal identity and values commensurate with the Professional Identity of Nursing (PIN) are accepted for nurse education. “Nurse Match” instrument was developed to enhance the recruitment and selection of candidates for pre-qualifying nursing. Action Research into PIN commenced with voluntary, purposive, convenience samples of qualified nurses (n = 30), Service Users (N = 10), postgraduate diploma nurses in mental health (N = 25), third year mental health branch students (N = 20) and adult and child student nurses in years 2 and 3 (N = 20) in Focus Groups. Data collection and analysis occurred concomitantly between July 2013 and October 2014, aided by NVivo 10 software and revealed Key Quality Indicators (KQIs) of the social construction of PIN. Construct development included a literature review spanning the last fifteen years, which identified four main themes;1. Nursing's ethics and values.2. Nursing's professional identity and caring.3. Nursing's emotional intelligence.4. Nursing's professionalism.Nurse Match offers an evidence-based enhancement to VBR, for future nurse recruitment locally, nationally and internationally.     

Career planning and development for nurses: the time has come

Developments in how the nursing profession is perceived by nurses and by society, along with unparalleled changes in health care systems, have created an environment in which individual nurses must take control of their careers and futures. Educators, employers and professional organizations also have a key role to play in fostering the career planning and development of nurses, usually the largest employee group in most health care organizations. This article provides an overview of what career planning and development is and why it is important for nurses. A career planning and development model is described that provides nurses with a focused strategy to take greater responsibility for engaging in the ongoing planning process that is crucial throughout the major stages of their career. Finally, educators, employers and professional organizations are challenged to collaborate with individual nurses on career-development activities that will enable nurses to continue to provide high-quality care in ever-changing health care systems.     

护理实习生职业成熟度和职业生涯规划的调查分析

目的 描述护理实习生职业成熟度、职业生涯规划的现状,并探讨两者之间的关系.方法 采用职业成熟度问卷和职业生涯规划问卷对138名护理实习生进行调查.结果 护理实习生的职业成熟度和职业生涯规划得分处于中等水平,总均分分别为（3.08±0.24）,（3.47±0.41）分.职业成熟度与职业生涯规划总体及绝大多数因子间均呈正相关（P＜0.05）.结论 护理实习生的职业成熟度和职业生涯规划水平有了一定的发展,但距离成熟期还有一定的差距,同时各个维度的发展存在不平衡性,临床护理教育者在实习带教过程中,应重视护生自信心的培养,并注意根据护生的职业成熟度情况对其职业生涯规划进行指导,以达到相互促进、相辅相成的效果.     

Professional identity of Chinese nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak: A nation-wide cross-sectional study

Practicing in unprecedented working environment and fighting against the COVID-19 crisis influenced the image of nursing in the general population, as well as among nurses themselves. This study aimed to describe the sense of professional identity among Chinese nursing students during the COVID-19 outbreak and to explore the relationship between psychological resilience and the sense of professional identity in this cohort. A nationwide online cross-sectional survey was conducted. Nursing students were recruited from 18 Chinese universities. The 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC-10) evaluated psychological resilience and professional identity was assessed by the Professional Identity Questionnaire for Nursing Students (PIQNS). A total of 6348 respondents had a moderate level of professional identity to nursing (average PIQNS score at 62.02 ± 12.02). About 86% of respondents attributed the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in elevating the nursing image. Psychological resilience was the strongest contributor to professional identity (β = 0.371, P < 0.001). There was a high level of professional identity among Chinese nursing students during the COVID-19 crisis. Policy support and courses to enhance psychological resilience are critical to sustain professional identity among nursing students.     

Developing the future rural nursing workforce: report on a nursing roundtable

BackgroundThere are ongoing health workforce shortages in rural Australia with nurses a major component of the provision of health care. Training for nursing students in rural areas is one strategy to overcome this.AimTo explore possibilities for nursing student rural clinical placements, with a view to increase the length of placements and strengthen the future rural nursing workforce.MethodsA Nursing Roundtable was held in regional Western Australia (WA) with representatives from five Western Australian universities, tertiary providers and service clinical stakeholders. Participants attended site visits to local facilities which included primary, community and hospital-based facilities.FindingsMajor issues identified included short length of nursing placements; inflexibility of bookings via centralised placement databases; financial and family responsibilities inhibiting students taking up placements; quality of on-site supervision; and the availability of graduate programs after qualifying. Participants agreed longer student clinical placements reduced workload for academic and clinical staff allowing students to settle and be industry ready.DiscussionThere was a strengthening of goodwill and willingness of university and clinical stakeholders to work collaboratively to lengthen student placements and consider placements in non-traditional settings to expand student understanding of career possibilities, rural and Indigenous communities, and the underpinning determinants of health.ConclusionBack-to-back practicums or potential to share placements between different organisations were recognised as opportunities for further development. Efforts to increase placement length, broaden experiences and overcome financial barriers need to be addressed. Production of a marketing video to include job potential post-graduating was suggested to attract students.     

我国首批安宁疗护试点城市安宁疗护护士职业认同的现状调查

目的 调查中国首批安宁疗护试点城市安宁疗护护士职业认同现状并分析其影响因素。 方法 采用便利抽样方法,运用护士职业认同评定量表、中文版职业生涯成功量表、中文版护士心理资本量表,对中国首批安宁疗护试点城市（北京市、长春市、上海市、洛阳市、德阳市）的8家单位共172名安宁疗护护士开展调查,并对职业认同的影响因素进行单因素与多元线性回归分析。 结果 安宁疗护护士职业认同得分为（87.76±8.70）分,处于中等水平,职业生涯成功得分为（33.26±5.19）分,心理资本得分为（72.13±14.77）分。相关性分析结果显示,安宁疗护护士职业认同总分与职业生涯成功总分、心理资本总分均呈正相关（P<0.001）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,是否主动从事本工作、每月薪资、单位类型、职业生涯成功是安宁疗护护士职业认同的主要影响因素。 结论 中国首批安宁疗护试点城市安宁疗护护士职业认同处于中等水平,有待提升。开展安宁疗护的机构应积极促进安宁疗护护士职业成功、引导其主动从事安宁疗护工作等,以提高其职业认同。