心脏介入治疗并发心脏压塞的临床分析

目的:总结心脏介入治疗并发心脏压塞的临床特点、诊断、治疗和结果。方法:分析1998年1月~2005年6月进行心脏介入治疗发生心脏压塞的12例患者资料。结果:12例患者发生心脏压塞,其中起搏器置入术2例,射频消融术2例,冠心病介入治疗术3例,房间隔缺损封堵术1例,上腔静脉滤器置入术1例,冠状动脉瘘造影1例,肥厚型心肌病行NOGA标测1例,心包穿刺引流术1例。早发心脏压塞6例,迟发心脏压塞6例;早发心脏压塞多表现为术中血压、心率突然下降,透视下心影外缘出现透亮环,心脏搏动减弱;迟发心脏压塞患者可表现为血压下降、心率增快、休克。救治成功10例,死亡2例。结论:强化诊断意识、早期识别心脏压塞、及时行心包穿刺引流、外科处理是抢救的关键。     

16例心脏外伤救治体会

目的 探讨心脏外伤的诊治要点.方法 回顾分析16例心脏外伤的救治临床资料.结果 急诊手术16例,死亡2例,成功14例,无后遗症,总生存率87.5 %.结论 及时诊断并紧急开胸和准确操作是心脏外伤获救的关键.     

心脏介入性治疗中并发急性心脏压塞的诊断与治疗体会

目的 总结心脏介入性治疗中发生急性心脏压塞诊断和处理的经验与教训。方法 回顾性分析1986年1月至2003年6月1442例心脏病介入手术导致急性心脏压塞的资料。结果 4例患者在介入治疗术中或术后即刻出现胸闷、烦躁、大汗淋漓、血压下降、心率加快或减慢，X线示心脏搏动减弱或超声心动图示心包积液，诊断为急性心脏压塞，发生率0．3％，其中1例发生在植入起搏器术后即刻，1例在二尖瓣球囊扩张行房间隔穿刺时，2例发生于射频导管消融过程中。3例经心包穿刺引流成功，1例因射频导管消融导致左心房穿孔，心包穿刺失败，未能及时开胸切开心包，患者死亡。结论 心脏病介入性治疗操作术中并发急性心脏压塞可危及生命，及时诊断与处理非常重要，心包穿刺引流是首选的方法，必要时应及时开胸切开心包减压。     

肥胖与心脏结构及功能的改变

肥胖者心血管疾病风险增加.研究发现肥胖引起的心脏结构及功能的改变,主要表现为心室重构和心室肥厚,以及心室舒张和收缩功能障碍,这些结构及功能异常严重时可引起心脏衰竭.而肥胖者心脏结构和功能的改变受到多种因素影响,包括血流动力学异常、代谢紊乱、炎性反应、线粒体功能障碍和氧化应激以及神经体液因素.多数研究都发现,减轻体重尤其是减重手术能够逆转肥胖引起的心脏结构和功能改变.     

Multicavitated left atrial myxoma mimicking a hydatid cyst.

A 67 year-old asymptomatic patient was referred to our echo-lab because of hypertension. Transthoracic 2D-echocardiogram showed a non-prolapsing ovoid mass attached to the left side of the interatrial septum. Transesophageal echocardiography evidenced an ovoid cavitated mass with internal areas of calcification. Color Doppler revealed flow inside the cavities. At surgery, a multicavitated mass was observed attached to interatrial septum. Macroscopically revealed cavities filled with blood, as well as partially calcified areas. Microscopically there were collections of "lipidic" cells embedded in the myxoid matrix, typical of cardiac myxoma. Cardiac hydatid cysts usually have a rounded shape. Most myxomas are solid masses without a cystic architecture or cavitations. Calcification is usually identified at a microscopic level. The combination of a polycystic appearance of the mass and macroscopic areas of calcification is more frequently observed in hydatid cysts than in cardiac myxomas. This appearance of the mass leads us to consider a cardiac echinococcal cyst as the first diagnostic possibility. This peculiar structure of cardiac myxoma, to the best of our knowledge, has never been documented. Transthoracic echocardiography and particularly transesophageal imaging, enable us to delineate this kind of tumors. Surgical resection is the appropriate treatment for these tumors, even in asymptomatic patients.     

高血压左心结构改变与临床心功能分级的关系

本文分析１５０例高血压病人结果提示：高血压引起左心结构的改变有左室肥厚（向心性，偏心性，离心性）及左房扩大。在左室向心性及偏心性肥厚的病人，心功能多为Ⅱ级，以左室舒张功能受损为主，收缩功能正常。而离心性肥厚的病人，心功能为Ⅲ－Ⅳ级，以收缩功能受损为主；单纯左房扩大是高血压早期心脏受累的指标，亦为舒张功能受损，心功能Ⅰ－Ⅱ级。年龄及病程对心功能有一定影响。     

老年重度脓毒症合并心肌抑制患者心肌损伤标记物变化及价值

目的探讨老年重度脓毒症合并心肌抑制患者心肌损伤标记物肌钙蛋白I、T(cTnI、cTnT)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK—MB)变化及其判断预后的价值。方法43例老年重度脓毒症患者确诊后次日进行血浆心肌损伤标记物检测，连续3日行心脏超声监测其心功能，确定患者是否并发心肌抑制，比较两组心肌损伤标记物水平，并通过ROC曲线下面积比较心肌损伤标记物预测心肌抑制及不良预后的价值。结果并发心肌抑制者的血浆CK—MB、cTnI、cTnT水平明显升高，cTnI、cTnT预测心肌抑制的价值高于CK—MB。cTnI阳性患者死亡率高但无显著性差异。结论肌钙蛋白检测对预测老年脓毒症患者有无心肌抑制有较高价值，对不良预后无明显预测价值。     

Osteosarcoma with Cardiac Metastasis in a 22‐year‐old Man: A Case Report and Review of Cardiac Tumors

Primary osteosarcoma accounts for 3% of all childhood cancer. It commonly occurs during the adolescent growth spurt and is more common in boys than girls and in African Americans than white people. The 5‐year survival is approximately 79%. Cardiac metastasis of osteosarcoma is exceedingly rare; we present an unusual case in a 22‐year‐old man with significant intracardiac tumor burden. Additionally, we review the current pediatric cardiac tumor literature.     

A pedunculated left ventricular hemangioma initially misdiagnosed as thrombus in a woman with atypical chest pain

The incidence of cardiac masses increased as echocardiography is becoming increasingly popular. Benign tumors of the heart constitute about 72% of all primary cardiac neoplasms and hemangioma accounts for 5–10% of benign cardiac tumors. Cardiac hemangiomas are generally asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during echocardiography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We reported a 52-year-old woman presented with atypical chest pain and exertional dyspnea. The echocardiographic examination revealed a hyperechoic round mass in the left ventricle. With an initial diagnosis of left ventricular thrombus, the patient underwent cardiac MRI. The mass was found compatible with cardiac hemangioma. It was removed surgically and histopathologic evaluation identified a cardiac hemangioma. As reports of cardiac hemangioma are extremely rare and cardiac masses are mostly thought to be thrombi or myxomas (being the most common primary cardiac tumor), such hemangioma cases warrant attention as possibility of hemangioma should also be kept in mind.     

Microtubules in the ventricular specialized conducting fibers of the dog heart

The electron microscopic study included free running strands of the left anterior and posterior fascicles and right moderator band collected from the hearts of eight dogs. All samples showed the presence of microtubules with the particular abundance in the perinuclear region. The assembly of microtubules surrounding the nucleus approached the nuclear surface at a narrow angle. Microtubules although less numerous were found in all cytoplasmic areas of the cell. They often ran parallel to the myofibrils. A less regular arrangement occurred in large cytoplasmic spaces lacking myofibrils. Microtubules were also found within the myofibril running along the myofilaments. At the cell periphery the contact between microtubules and the sarcolemma was observed. A particular abundance of microtubules in the perinuclear region is compared to the similar observations in other cell types and to recent biochemical finding of the high activity of adenylate cyclase in the nuclear fraction of the heart.     

心脏介入性治疗合并急性心脏压塞分析

目的 分析2746例各类心脏介入性治疗病例并发急性心脏压塞(acute cardiac tampon—ade，ACT的原因和诊断、处理的经验及教训。方法回顾性分析1995～2003年1061例射频消融，1384例冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention，PCI)，425例二尖瓣球囊扩张成形术(per-cutaneous balloon mitralvalvoplasty PBMV)，76例先天性心脏病介入性治疗的病人合并急性心脏压塞的原因和诊断处理的过程。结果 在2746例介入性治疗的患者中，共有9例发生ACT，发生率为0．33％。其中8例行急诊心包穿刺引流，1例开胸并行修补术。9例病人无1例死亡。1061例射频消融病例中，2例发生ACT，占0．89％。1384例PCI病人中2例出现ACT，发生率为0．14％，5例冠状动脉脉破裂，经球囊和带膜支架封堵等处理，没发生ACT。425例经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术患者中共有5例ACT，占1．18％。其中1例开胸行修补术。76例先天性心脏病无ACT并发。结论心脏介入性冶疗中ACT发生率较低，早期发现，及时心包穿刺引流，可以避免外科开胸手术治疗。     

心脏介入性治疗并发心脏压塞的原因分析、诊断与治疗

目的总结心脏介入性治疗过程中发生心脏压塞诊断和处理的经验和教训。方法回顾分析快速性心律失常射频消融术、经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)及支架术以及先天性心脏病封堵术中心脏压塞的临床特点、诊断及处理。结果18例与心脏介入性诊治操作有关的心脏压塞患者,17例为急性心脏压塞,1例在术后72小时延迟出现。18例中9例与射频消融术有关;5例与PTCA有关;3例与先天性心脏病房间隔缺损修补术有关;1例与临时起搏器安装术有关。共有3例死亡。结论心脏介入性治疗可引起即刻和迟缓性两类心脏压塞,多与操作不当有关。及时诊断与处理非常重要,心包穿刺引流是首选方法,必要时应及时切开心包减压或开胸修补。     

Asymptomatic metastatic osteosarcoma to the right ventricle: Case report and review of the literature

Metastatic cardiac tumors are far more common than primary tumors, and benign primary cardiac tumors are common than malignant tumors. We report a 22-year-old Saudi woman with right femur osteosarcoma who was found to have a large right ventricular mass by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Diagnosis was highly suggestive by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) scan. We performed a review of the literature for metastatic osteosarcoma of the right ventricle.     

谷氨酰胺预处理对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌的保护作用

目的 研究谷氨酰胺预处理对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌的保护作用.方法 将60例择期在体外循环下行二尖辩和/或主动脉辩置换术患者随机分为谷氨酰胺预处理组(n=30)和对照组(n=30),谷氨酰胺预处理组患者在手术前4天开始经外周静脉给予谷氨酰胺0.5 g/kg,每天一次,手术当天在麻醉诱导后切皮前经中心静脉给予相同剂量的谷氨酰胺,总计5次;对照组仅给予等量的生理盐水.两组麻醉方法及用药相同.分别于麻醉后切皮前(T_1)、开放主动脉后60 min(T_2)、6 h(T_3)、12 h(T_4)、24 h(T_5)分别抽取桡动脉血10 mL测定心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ.并于开放主动脉后30 min取右心耳心肌组织约1～2 g,做病理切片检查.记录各个时点患者的血压以及患者停转流后多巴胺及硝普钠的用量.结果 光镜下,对照组心肌间隙及血管周围有大量白细胞浸润,而谷氨酰胺预处理组则明显少于对照组;两组心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ从T_2时,最开始显著增加(P<0.05),T_4时点达到峰值,以后逐渐下降,且谷氨酰胺预处理组自T_2时点开始较对照组显著降低(P<0.05);两组在硝普钠用量差别不大的情况下,谷氨酰胺预处理组多巴胺的用量显著低于对照组.结论 谷氨酰胺预处理对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌具有保护作用.     

Comparative effects of ventricular resynchronization therapy in heart failure patients with or without coronary artery disease

In patients with advanced heart failure, intraventricular conduction delay (IVCD) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), multisite cardiac pacing can be proposed as an additive treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of atrioventricular pacing according to the etiology of LVSD, by comparing the outcome of patients with and without coronary artery disease. Between August 1997 and November 1998, 103 patients were included in the InSync trial and received a biventricular pacemaker and a specifically designed left ventricular pacing lead. Baseline evaluation (12 lead ECG, New York Heart Association Class, quality of life (QOL) and distance walked during the 6 min walk test) was repeated in survival patients at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after pacemaker implantation. Patients were split in two groups, ischemic (N = 48) and non-ischemic (N = 55), according the result of a recent coronary angiography, the existence of coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass or the history of a prior myocardial infarction. RESULTS: The mortality rate was similar in the two groups with a mean 12 months actuarial survival rate of 78%. Nevertheless, the delay between the death and the pacemaker implantation was significantly higher in the non-ischemic group. A significant reduction in QRS duration and a significant improvement in NYHA class (-1.5). QOL score (-50%) and 6 min walking test (+18%) were observed similarly in the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study shows that biventricular pacing improves significantly functional status of patients with LVSD, IVCD and advanced heart failure, regardless the etiology of the cardiomyopathy, ischemic or not, without over-mortality in ischemic patients.     

先天性心脏病婴幼儿外科治疗对策分析(附115例报告)

目的 探讨婴幼儿先天性心脏病外科围术期处理对策.方法我院于2008年6月至2011年12月对115例患先天性心脏病的婴幼儿实施外科手术治疗,男性73例,女性42例,年龄3个月至3岁,体重3.5～20.0 kg;其中室间隔缺损(VSD)54例,法洛四联症(TOF)14例,室间隔缺损合并房间隔缺损(VSD+ASD)10例,房间隔缺损(ASD)9例,动脉导管未闭(PDA)8例,肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)7例,室间隔缺损合并动脉导管未闭(VSD+PDA)5例,完全型肺静脉异位引流(TAPVC)4例,右室双出口(DORV)3例,主动脉缩窄合并室间隔缺损(CoA+VSD)1例.结果全组死亡5例,死亡率为4.3%.死亡原因:低心排出量综合征1例,肺高压危象2例,呼吸道梗阻2例.结论先天性心脏病患儿在婴幼儿期外科治疗可以取得满意疗效,根据婴幼儿生理、病理特点采取个体化治疗对策是成功的关键.