肝母细胞瘤肝动脉栓塞化疗前后彩超观察血流改变及临床意义

目的：研究肝母细胞瘤肝动脉栓塞化疗前后血流动力学改变及血流动力学变化对栓塞化疗效果的影响。方法：运用彩色多普勒B超监测4例巨大肝母细胞瘤患儿在介入治疗前，介入治疗后1周，2周，3周，4周时肝脏及瘤体的血流动力学变化和肿瘤大小改变。结果：介入治疗前肝母细胞瘤全肝供血增加，介入治疗后近期，表现为肝固有动脉血流量骤减和门静脉血流量代偿性增加，随着介入治疗后时间的延长，肝固有动脉血流量进一步降低，而门静脉血流量则逐渐恢复到治疗前水平，肝脏和肿瘤的血供均明显减少，这一变化与肿瘤的缩小呈正比例，当介入治疗后时间超过3周时，肝脏和肿瘤的血供又有不同程度增加，提示再次介入治疗的必要。结论：彩色多普勒超声能准确反映肝母细胞瘤动脉栓塞化疗前后的血供变化，肝母细胞瘤介入治疗前后血流动力学改变的监测对判断介入治疗的预后以及选择再次介入治疗或手术治疗的时机具有重要的临床意义。     

彩色多普勒超声在选择性门静脉联合肝动脉栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌中的应用

目的　探讨彩色多普勒超声对经皮经肝选择性门静脉栓塞化疗 (SPVE)联合肝动脉栓塞 (TAE)治疗中晚期肝癌的应用价值。方法　彩超引导 65例不能手术的中晚期肝癌在TAE基础上行SPVE术 ,同时观察本组与单纯TAE对照组治疗前后的肿瘤血供变化、声像图特征及与临床疗效的关系。结果　①本组肿瘤血供消失和减少率 92 .3 % ,其中动脉血流消失和减少率 89.2 % ,门静脉血流消失和减少率 86.2 % ,对照组肿瘤动脉血流减少和消失率 63 .0 % ,瘤周和瘤内门静脉血流明显增加率 87.4% (P <0 .0 0 5 )。②随访结果表明 ,栓塞化疗后肿瘤动、静脉血供情况与临床疗效密切相关 ;观察肿瘤血供变化比肿瘤体积的变化更为准确。结论　彩超为观察肝癌血供状态提供重要依据 ,对指导治疗和判定疗效有着重要意义。     

肝脏肿瘤三维超声成像的临床意义

目的探讨彩色三维多普勒超声对肝脏实性占位病变形态、大小及内部血供的诊断价值.方法对常规灰阶超声显示有肝脏实性占位病变的患者28例,采用腹部彩色三维超声成像仪自由臂方式对肝脏病变处及其周围进行扫查取像,取样结束后在三维超声仪上进行脱机后处理,以病变处为中心,对X、Y、Z 3个互相垂直切面上的病变范围进行勾划,生成三维的肿瘤球体,计算程序可自动计算球体体积、内部血流容积及两者之比.结果肿瘤体积最大为117 cm3,最小为2.0 cm3.三维超声可显示肿瘤供给血管走行及其分支情况,并可透视肿瘤内部血管分布情况.部分病变在二维图像上显示为"晕环"、"绕行"的肿瘤周边血管,在三维重建后显示出"抱球征",展现血管全貌,进入肿瘤内部后呈现出"提篮征",发出多支小血管,显示了恶性肿瘤的血供特征.结论彩色三维超声可对肝脏实性占位性病变的形态、体积、周边及内部血供进行综合评价,丰富了超声诊断依据.     

肾上腺转移性肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声诊断及临床价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断肾上腺转移性肿瘤的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析52例经手术病理、CT、核磁共振相印证的转移性肾上腺肿瘤的超声资料。结果转移性肾上腺肿瘤呈圆形、椭圆形或不规则形,大小相差悬殊,肿块小于3cm者多为均质低回声,大于3cm者为不均匀强弱不等回声,边界较清,肿块内血供不丰富,可探及点状血流信号,为低速高阻动脉血流。本组4例误漏诊病例中,2例误诊为右肝肿瘤;2例因左侧肾上腺肿瘤小于1.5cm未发现而漏诊。彩色多普勒超声诊断肾上腺转移性肿瘤正确率为92.31%。结论超声可以从病灶大小、有无包膜和血流情况等征象来诊断和鉴别诊断肾上腺肿瘤。     

多普勒超声对原发性肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞的疗效评价

目的:探讨多普勒超声评价经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌(HCC)疗效的价值。方法:对51例原发性肝癌TACE术前、术后行多普勒超声检查，用二维超声观察肿瘤大小及内部回声改变。彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)观察肿瘤血供情况及脉冲多普勒(PW)记录肝动脉、门静脉血流动力学改变。结果:TACE术后大多数肿瘤均有不同程度缩小,肿瘤血供明显减少(P<0.001),其血供减少程度与肿瘤缩小程度呈正相关(r=0.757,P<0.001)。肝动脉峰值流速明显下降，门静脉血流速度增快(P<0.001)。结论:多普勒超声能客观判断肿瘤大小及血流灌注状态，是目前检验肝癌TACE术后效果较理想的影像学检查方法之一。     

超声检测肝细胞癌周边供血动脉血流参数评价其生物学特性

目的 探讨肝细胞癌（HCC）周边供血动脉的收缩期峰值血流速度（PV）、平均血流速度（Vmean）及搏动指数（PI）与HCC肿块大小、细胞分化程度、肝外转移等肿瘤生物学特性间的关系。方法 超声检测108例HCC周边供血动脉的PV、Vmean、PI及肿块直径，通过肿瘤标本病理切片判断HCC细胞分化程度，记录HCC肝外转移情况。根据肿瘤直径大小、肿瘤细胞分化程度高低及是否有肝外转移把患者分别分组，采用双变量直线相关分析、t检验及多样本均数方差分析F检验，分析PV、Vmean、PI与HCC肿块大小、细胞分化程度及肝外转移等肿瘤生物学特性间的关系。结果 PV与HCC肿块直径大小呈正相关（r=0．644、P=0．0022），与细胞分化程度和肝外转移无明显关系（P〉0．05）。Vmean与HCC细胞分化程度有关，低分化者Vmean高于高分化者（P〈0．05），在肿块小于9．0cm时Vmean与肿块大小有关（P〈0．05），肿块越大Vmean越大，而与肝外转移无关（P〉0．05）。PI与HCC肝外转移有关，有肝外转移者的PI高于无肝外转移者（P〈0．05），而与肿块大小、细胞分化程度无关（P〉0．05）。结论 HCC周边供血动脉的血流参数是术前评价HCC生物学特性的重要指标，借助HCC周边供血动脉的PI值，术前评价HCC的转移能力可弥补微血管密度术后评价对早期治疗方案的选择无指导作用的不足。     

容积超声造影对兔肝VX2肿瘤射频消融效果的评估

目的 探讨容积超声造影评估兔肝VX2肿瘤射频消融效果的价值.方法 对22只新西兰白兔肝VX2肿瘤进行射频消融治疗,治疗前后分别进行二维及容积超声造影,所有动物肝均行病理学检查.结果 消融前5个病灶容积超声造影能显示肿瘤供血动脉行程的连贯性分布,二维超声造影仅2个病灶显示肿瘤供血动脉.消融后,19个病灶的疗效判断二维超声造影与容积超声造影结果相同;2个消融完全的病灶二维超声造影误判为消融不全;1个消融不全的病灶二维超声造影误判为消融完全;容积超声造影均判断准确.结论 容积超声造影能更好地评估肝肿瘤血管及消融治疗效果.     

反向脉冲谐波超声造影显像评价肝恶性肿瘤介入治疗疗效

目的探讨反向脉冲谐波超声造影显像评价肝恶性肿瘤介入治疗疗效的临床应用价值.方法对10例接受介入治疗后的肝恶性肿瘤病灶进行反向脉冲谐波超声造影显像,观察病灶的血流灌注,并与造影前后病灶的彩色多普勒显像进行对照,超声检查后随访14～16个月.结果应用反向脉冲谐波超声造影显像,本组的10例介入治疗后肝肿瘤灶血流显示率(60%)较造影前(10%)提高,且高于彩色多普勒超声造影显像方式(40%).随访发现复发的4例中,反向脉冲谐波超声造影显像均可见血流信号(100%),彩色多普勒超声造影显像在2例中(50%)观察到血流信号,而造影前仅在1例中(25%)观察到血流信号.结论反向脉冲谐波超声造影显像对于评估肝恶性肿瘤介入治疗疗效较传统超声显像方法更可靠,并有望成为经皮介入治疗的有效辅助工具.     

转移性肝癌术中射频治疗9例分析

目的探讨术中超声引导射频治疗转移性肝癌的疗效。方法对9例结直肠癌并肝转移患者行术中射频治疗肝内转移癌灶,观察治疗前后的肝脏超声及CT图像显示肿瘤大小及血供等情况变化。结果转移肿瘤固化坏死,体积缩小,9例全部有效。结论术中超声引导射频治疗转移性肝癌的疗效确切而满意,对临床有较高的应用价值。     

三维能量多普勒超声鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤的价值

目的评价三维能量多普勒超声鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤的价值。方法乳腺肿块（恶性98例,良性108例）患者进行三维能量多普勒超声成像及直方图血管容积参数的采集与分析,直方图指数包括平均灰度、血管指数、血流指数和血管一血流指数。结果单因素分析以患者的年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤体积及血管各项指数鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤,参数之间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;鉴别病灶良恶性以肿瘤体积参数的准确性最高（80．2％）,以血流指数的敏感性最高（73．8％）,以血管指数、血管一血流指数的特异性为最高（均为90．3％）。多元Logistic逐步回归分析,模型（包括患者的年龄、体积及血流指数）是对乳腺恶性肿瘤定性诊断的最佳模型,此模型的ROC曲线下面积为0．958。结论三维能量多普勒超声能充分评估乳腺肿瘤的血管及血流情况,可以提高乳腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断能力。     

超声在乳腺良性肿块微创治疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨高频超声在乳腺良性肿块微创治疗中的应用价值.方法 对103乳腺良性病变患者行超声引导下微创手术治疗,术后病理及超声随访.结果 超声诊断乳腺良性肿块293个,其中实性248个,囊性45个.248个实性肿块和10个较大囊性肿块在超声引导下成功完整切除,35个小囊肿在超声引导下成功抽出囊液.超声诊断良性病变的准确率...     

Color Doppler sonographic findings in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and renal pelvis.

The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate the color Doppler sonographic findings in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and renal pelvis, (2) to determine if color Doppler sonography could predict tumor grade and stage, and (3) to determine whether tumor vascularity is related to size. A total of 15 patients with 16 bladder transitional cell carcinomas and one patient with renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma were evaluated prospectively with transabdominal color Doppler ultrasonography. The presence or absence of visible vascularity and the resistive index were correlated with tumor size, cytologic grade, and tumor stage. Statistical analysis was performed with Fisher's exact test. Seven (41%) of 17 tumors had visible vascularity: five (45%) of 11 high-grade transitional cell carcinomas were vascular, whereas two (33%) of six low-grade transitional cell carcinomas were vascular (P = 1.00). Three of five (60%) of the invasive lesions were vascular, but the vascularity was not predictive of tumor stage (P = 0.593). The vascular high-grade tumors tended to have more numerous and larger visible vessels than the vascular low-grade lesions. No tumor smaller then 23 mm was vascular, but the size of the tumor was not predictive of the vascularity (P = 0.1172). The resistive index was measurable in six tumors, but it was not predictive of grade or stage. Color Doppler ultrasonography is not helpful clinically in the evaluation of transitional cell carcinoma as tumor grade, stage, and size are not related to vascularity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Does quantitative analysis of three-dimensional power Doppler angiography have a role in the diagnosis of malignant pelvic solid tumors? A preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of a simplified method for the three-dimensional (3D) quantification of tumor vascularity in the differential diagnosis of solid pelvic masses. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with a solid pelvic mass on B-mode ultrasound evaluation underwent 3D power Doppler evaluation before surgery. The volume of interest was obtained by drawing the largest section of the mass in three orthogonal planes. The following 3D vascular parameters were calculated for all patients: relative color, average color and flow measure. Receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis was used to choose the best cut-off value. The overall agreement between the test result and the actual outcome was calculated using kappa statistics. RESULTS: Fifteen of 24 subjects were found to have pelvic malignancy. The relative color and the flow measure were significantly higher in malignant (9.7 (8.98) and 8.95 (8.78) (median (interquartile range (IQR)), respectively) than in benign masses (2 (4.42) and 1.79 (4.71), respectively; P < 0.05) but there was no difference in the average color. The best cut-off values of relative color and flow measure were 3.2 and 2.8, respectively. The use of relative color showed a sensitivity of 80% with a specificity of 67% with an overall agreement that was higher, though only marginally so, than that of qualitative 3D power Doppler (kappa = 0.47 and 0.44, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In a small group of pelvic masses that appear malignant on B-mode ultrasonography, the use of 3D quantification of tumor vascularity yields a diagnostic accuracy that is similar to that of subjective evaluation of vascularity. We suspect, however, that the quantitative method will produce more consistent results between operators.     

Minimal invasive complete excision of benign breast tumors using a three-dimensional ultrasound-guided mammotome vacuum device.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography in the complete excision of benign breast tumors using ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted core-needle biopsy (Mammotome). A protocol for the management of benign breast tumors is proposed. METHOD: Twenty consecutive patients with sonographically benign breast lesions underwent 3D ultrasound-guided mammotome biopsy under local anesthesia. The indication for surgical biopsy was a solid lesion with benign characteristics on both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D ultrasound imaging, increasing in size over time or causing pain or irritation. Preoperatively, the size of the lesion was assessed using 2D and 3D volumetry. During vacuum biopsy the needle was visualized sonographically in all three dimensions, including the coronal plane. Excisional biopsy was considered complete when no residual tumor tissue could be seen sonographically. Ultrasonographic follow-up examinations were performed on the following day and 3-6 months later to assess residual tissue and scarring. RESULTS: All lesions were histologically benign. Follow-up examinations revealed complete excision of all lesions of < 1.5 mL in volume as assessed by 3D volumetry. 3D ultrasonographic volume assessment was more accurate than 2D using the ellipsoid formula or assessment of the maximum diameter for the prediction of complete excision of the tumor. No bleeding or infections occurred postoperatively and no scarring was seen ultrasonographically on follow-up examinations. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy allows complete excision of benign breast lesions that are 相似文献   

Assessment of changes in endometrial and subendometrial volume and vascularity during the normal menstrual cycle using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound.

OBJECTIVES: To describe changes in endometrial and subendometrial volume and vascularity during the normal menstrual cycle using three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasonography. METHODS: Fourteen healthy volunteers, 24-44 years old with regular menstrual cycles, underwent serial transvaginal 3D power Doppler ultrasound examinations of the uterus on cycle day 2, 3 or 4, then daily from cycle day 9 until follicular rupture and 1, 2, 5, 7 and 12 days after follicular rupture. Endometrial and subendometrial volume (cm3), vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were calculated using the VOCAL (Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis) software. RESULTS: Endometrial and subendometrial vascularity indices increased throughout the follicular phase, decreased to a nadir 2 days after follicular rupture and then increased again during the luteal phase. Endometrial and subendometrial volume increased rapidly during the follicular phase and then remained almost unchanged during the luteal phase. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial changes occur in endometrial volume and vascularization during the normal menstrual cycle. There is the potential for 3D power Doppler ultrasonography to become a useful tool for assessing pathological changes associated with female subfertility and abnormal uterine bleeding.     

Three-dimensional power doppler ultrasound is useful to monitor the response to treatment in a patient with primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum

To date, this is the first report to monitor changes of intratumor vascularization and the response to radiation and Cyberknife therapy in a patient with recurrent primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum by three dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS). Transvaginal 3D PDUS detected a recurrent presacral tumor with abundant intratumor vascularity. Serial examinations of the tumor volume and serum CA-125 level were studied before, during, and 6 mo after therapy. Meanwhile, the intratumor blood flow was measured and expressed as vascularity indices. All of the tumor volume, intratumor vascularity indices and serum CA-125 level decreased progressively following therapy. A remaining lesion with nearly absent intratumor power Doppler signals suggested a scarring lesion posttreatment. Indeed, CT-guided tissue biopsy confirmed fibrotic change. 3D PDUS is useful to monitor the response to treatments and to differentiate residual tumors from lesions of scarring change posttreatment. It provides more accurate posttreatment information than pelvic computed tomography.     

Computer-Aided Diagnosis for Breast Tumors by Using Vascularization of 3-D Power Doppler Ultrasound

This study assessed the accuracy of three-dimensional (3-D) power Doppler ultrasound in differentiating between benign and malignant breast tumors by using a support vector machine (SVM). A 3-D power Doppler ultrasonography was performed on 164 patients with 86 benign and 78 malignant breast tumors. The volume-of-interest (VOI) in 3-D ultrasound images was automatically generated from three rectangular regions-of-interest (ROI). The vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization-flow index (VFI) on 3-D power-Doppler ultrasound images were evaluated for the entire volume area, computer extracted VOI area and the area outside the VOI. Furthermore, patient's age and VOI volume were also applied for breast tumor classifications. Each ultrasonography in this study was classified as benign or malignant based on the features using the SVM model. All the tumors were sampled using k-fold cross-validation (k = 10) to evaluate the diagnostic performance with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of SVM for classifying malignancies were 94%, 69%, 73%, 92% and 81%, respectively. The classification performance in terms of Az value for the ROC curve of the features derived from 3-D power Doppler is 0.91. This study indicates that combining 3-D power Doppler vascularity with patient's age and tumor size offers a good method for differentiating benign andmalignant breast tumors. (E-mail: ylhuang@thu.edu.tw (Y.-L.H.); darren_chen@cch.org.tw (D.-R.C.))     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊断和治疗

目的总结肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（HAML）的临床、影像学和病理学特点以及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2003年11月至2007年5月我科收治的6例HAML患者的临床资料。所有患者行B超、CT检查之后均行肝切除术，术后经病理及免疫组化明确诊断并随访至今。结果6例患者中女5例，男1例，多无明显临床症状，且血清学检查正常。影像学显示肿瘤形态规则、边界清晰，增强后早期及延迟增强。术中发现肿瘤位于右肝3例、左肝3例，大小为4cm×4cm×3cm～17cm×10cm×10cm。病理结果提示病灶由不同比例的血管、平滑肌细胞及脂肪组成，免疫组化结果HMB-45（6／6）、SMA（6／6）表达阳性。所有病例手术切除后随访6～48个月，至今无复发。结论HAML在肝脏占位中并不多见，肿瘤以良性为主，但存在恶性生物学行为可能。外科医师术前诊断时应有HAML的概念，一旦诊断宜尽早手术，术后密切随诊。     

先天性肺囊腺瘤样畸形的产前超声诊断及预后判断

目的总结先天性肺囊腺瘤样畸形(CCAM)的产前超声图像特点,并判断其预后。方法选取我院行产前超声诊断的CCAM胎儿46例,根据其囊肿大小进行分型。回顾性分析并比较各类型CCAM的产前超声图像特点、胸廓指标,以及有无合并纵隔移位、羊水过多、胎儿水肿或积液及其他畸形,随访体积变化及预后。结果46例CCAM胎儿,根据其囊肿大小分为大囊型(Ⅰ型)9例、中囊型(Ⅱ型)22例和微囊型(Ⅲ型)15例。①产前超声表现:病变位于单侧43例,双侧3例。Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型的CCAM体积比逐渐增大,肺体积与胸廓体积比值逐渐变小,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而肿块体积、胸廓横径、胸廓前后径、胸廓面积、胸围、肺体积及胸廓体积间比较差异均无统计学意义。②合并症:Ⅲ型合并羊水过多、胎儿水肿或积液最多,Ⅰ型最少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在有无纵隔移位、合并其他畸形及随访体积变小方面比较差异均无统计学意义。③预后:不同分型CCAM在妊娠结局上,Ⅲ型预后最差(P<0.05),而在产后干预上差异无统计学意义,合并胎儿水肿预后差。结论CCAM具有典型的产前超声特征,不同类型CCAM的囊肿大小、CCAM体积比、肺体积与胸廓体积比值及合并症均有所差异;产前超声可根据其分型及合并症判断预后,其中Ⅲ型预后较Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型差。     

血管内乳头状内皮增生的高频超声表现

目的探讨血管内乳头状内皮增生（IPEH）的高频超声（包括二维及彩色多普勒血流）成像特征,帮助该病的诊断及鉴别诊断。 方法收集2014年1月至2019年11月于南京医科大学第一附属医院经穿刺或手术病理证实的IPEH患者21例,回顾性分析患者的年龄、性别和临床病史。其中8例患者（年龄17~63岁,平均44.8岁,女性4例,男性4例）进行了术前高频超声检查,包括二维及彩色多普勒血流成像检查。2名肌肉骨骼超声医师对该8例IPEH患者的超声表现进行回顾性分析,包括病变位置、形状、大小、内部回声、异质性、血管分布,分析超声特征与病理的关系。 结果8例IPEH灰阶超声表现为单发,平均大小23.5 mm,从皮下脂肪层至深筋膜层均可发生,呈边界清晰的不均质低回声,1例（12.5%）内部结构呈洋葱圈样改变,1例（12.5%）呈筛网状改变;彩色多普勒血流成像显示肿块内血流分级0级7例,仅1例（12.5%）肿块内可见血管穿行。病理诊断8例IPEH均为单纯型,均可见扩张血管腔内机化的血栓;典型病理表现为纤维血管轴心玻璃样变的乳头状内皮增生。所有患者均未复发。 结论IPEH（单纯型）多为孤立性肿块,其超声表现为体积较小、椭圆形、边界清晰、不均匀低回声、不伴钙化、内部可有穿支血管、质偏软。检测到的起源血管的存在可能有助于区分IPEH和其他软组织肿块。高频超声成像检查可作为IPEH首选的检查方法。