曲安奈德皮损内注射联合维A酸乳膏外用治疗瘢痕疙瘩疗效观察

目的：了解曲安奈德皮损内注射联合维A酸乳膏外用治疗瘢痕疙瘩的疗效。方法：将55例瘢痕疙瘩患者随机分成治疗组（n=29）和对照组（n=25）,治疗组采用曲安奈德皮损内注射,同时联合维A酸乳膏外用;对照组单纯应用曲安奈德皮损内注射。结果：治疗组痊愈率58.62%,总有效率93.11%;对照组痊愈率26.92%,总有效率73.07%。经统计学处理有显著差异。结论：曲安奈德皮损内注射联合维A酸乳膏外用治疗瘢痕疙瘩疗效确切。     

曲安奈德局部注射联合外用5%咪喹莫特治疗瘢痕疙瘩疗效观察

目的：观察曲安奈德局部注射联合外用5%咪喹莫特乳膏治疗瘢痕疙瘩的临床疗效。方法：将患者随机分为两组,治疗组给予曲安奈德局部注射治疗,每10～15天注射1次,2～3次为1个疗程,最多不超过3个疗程。同时外用5%咪喹莫特每周3次,连续外用3个月;对照组单纯给予曲安奈德注射液局部注射治疗。治疗结束后随访1年,判断疗效并观察复发情况。结果：治疗组有效率96.4%,明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）,差异有显著性意义。治疗组复发率低于对照组。结论：曲安奈德局部注射联合外用5%咪喹莫特乳膏治疗瘢痕疙瘩治愈率高,疗效确切。     

瘢痕切除即刻局部注射曲安奈德联合放疗治疗耳廓瘢痕疙瘩疗效观察

目的:探讨手术切除,术中曲安奈德局部注射,术后放疗联合治疗耳廓瘢痕疙瘩的效果。方法:将病例分为三组:第一组:12例,24个瘢痕疙瘩(手术+曲安奈德注射+放疗),手术切除瘢痕疙瘩,术中注射醋酸曲安奈德,注射剂量依切缘大小而异,每次注射量不大于40mg,术后每周1次,连续4～8次,术后24h内行局部浅层放疗3天;第二组:11例,22个瘢痕疙瘩(手术+放疗),手术切除瘢痕疙瘩,术后24h内行放疗3天;第三组:17例,23个瘢痕疙瘩(手术+曲安奈德注射),手术切除瘢痕疙瘩,术中即刻注射曲安奈德,术后每周1次,连续4～8次。结果:第一组、第二组、第三组有效率分别为95.83%、77.27%、52.17%。第一组与第二组、第三组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:手术切除,术中曲安奈德局部注射联合术后放疗治疗耳廓瘢痕疙瘩副作用小、复发率低,值得临床应用。     

电子线放射联合局部注射5-氟尿嘧啶与曲安奈德治疗瘢痕疙瘩的疗效分析

目的:探讨电子线放射联合局部注射5-氟尿嘧啶和曲安奈德治疗瘢痕疙瘩的疗效。方法:选取瘢痕疙瘩患者41例,病灶51处,平均病史4.5年,平均治疗时间为6个月。根据是否使用电子线放射分为对照组和实验组,其中对照组21例,采用患处局部注射5-氟尿嘧啶和曲安奈德混悬液(比例2:1),每3周1次;实验组20例,除在患处局部注射5-氟尿嘧啶和曲安奈德混悬液外辅以电子线放射治疗,6个月后观察效果。结果:治疗6个月后,实验组总有效率95.0%,对照组为85.7%,两组疗效比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:5-氟尿嘧啶和曲安奈德混悬液辅以电子线放射治疗瘢痕疙瘩疗效显著。     

单一曲安奈德皮损内注射与联合放疗治疗瘢痕疙瘩的疗效对比研究

目的:比较曲安奈德皮损内注射联合放疗与单纯曲安奈德皮损内注射两种治疗瘢痕疙瘩的方法的临床疗效.方法:将瘢痕疙瘩患者分为A、B两组.A组行曲安奈德皮损内注射联合放疗:曲安奈德注射液40～80 mg,每4周注射1次,至瘢痕疙瘩变软变平,在最后一次注射后1周之内行,局部6MeV电子线外照射1600～2000cGy/4～9次/4～19天;B组行单纯曲安奈德皮损内注射,方法同A组,瘢痕疙瘩变平变软后加强1次,总共注射2～8次.结果:A、B两组总有效率分别为87.23%,79.59%;治愈率为55.32%,34.69%.经x2检验两组治愈率有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:曲安奈德皮损内注射联合放疗疗效确切,联合治疗优于单纯曲安奈德皮损内注射.     

耳廓瘢痕疙瘩综合治疗的临床观察

目的评价手术联合曲安奈德局部注射治疗耳廓瘢痕疙瘩的临床效果。方法对12例(20侧)患者采用部分或全部切除耳廓瘢痕,皮瓣恢复耳廓正常外形。术后10 d切口及残余瘢痕内注射曲安奈德注射液,曲安奈德10~20 mg以2%利多卡因稀释1倍后注射,每2周1次,视瘢痕消退情况逐渐撤药。结果随访6~36个月,治愈8例,显效4例,有效率100%,疗效满意。结论手术联合曲安奈德局部注射是治疗耳廓瘢痕疙瘩的有效方法。     

优化强脉冲光联合长脉宽Nd∶YAG1064nm激光治疗痤疮瘢痕疗效研究

目的 观察优化强脉冲光联合长脉宽Nd：YAG1064nm激光治疗痤疮瘢痕及其伴发色素沉着、红斑、毛孔粗大临床疗效. 方法 痤疮瘢痕患者共162例,采用随机分组其中78例运用优化强脉冲光联合长脉宽Nd：YAG 1064nm激光治疗,48例运用优化强脉冲光治疗,36例运用长脉宽Nd：YAG 1064nm激光治疗.治疗参数：强脉冲光滤光片640nm,能量密度20～24J/cm2,脉宽4ms,脉冲3个,延迟时间30ms.Nd：YAG1064nm激光,9mm光斑治疗头,能量密度单脉冲58～64J/cm2,脉宽20ms.一疗程5次,每次间隔1个月. 结果 162例患者3种治疗方式ECCA评分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗方式中优化强脉冲光联合长脉宽Nd：YAG1064nm激光治疗组与优化强脉冲治疗组ECCA评分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,优化强脉冲光联合长脉宽Nd：YAG1064nm激光治疗组与长脉宽Nd：YAG1064nm激光治疗组ECCA评分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.痤疮瘢痕及其伴发色素沉着有效率71.19％（95％CI：59.40％～82.98％）,红斑有效率88.14％ （95％CI：79.91％～96.37％）,毛孔粗大有效率71％（95％CI：60.45％～81.97％）.所有患者治疗中未发现任何严重的副作用. 结论 优化强脉冲光联合长脉宽Nd：YAG1064nm激光治疗对痤疮瘢痕及伴有局部色素沉着,红斑,毛孔粗大等都有较好的疗效.     

曲安奈德联合氟尿嘧啶局部注射在瘢痕疙瘩中应用效果

目的 探讨在治疗瘢痕疙瘩期间应用曲安奈德联合氟尿嘧啶实行局部注射的临床疗效。方法 选择 2022年2月-2023年2月我院收治的40例瘢痕疙瘩患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为常规组和试验 组,各20例。常规组应用曲安奈德注射液进行局部注射治疗,试验组应用曲安奈德联合氟尿嘧啶注射液进 行局部注射治疗,比较两组临床疗效、瘢痕情况、皮肤色素沉着率、不良反应发生率。结果 试验组治疗 后总有效率及温哥华瘢痕量表评分均优于常规组（P ＜0.05）;试验组治疗后皮肤色素沉着率低于常规组 （P＜0.05）;试验组不良反应发生情况低于常规组（P＜0.05）。结论 瘢痕疙瘩患者应用曲安奈德联合氟 尿嘧啶注射液实行局部注射治疗能够提高临床疗效,可以有效改善患者的瘢痕情况与皮肤色素沉着率,减 少不良反应发生率,值得应用。     

低浓度5-氟尿嘧啶联合曲安奈德注射治疗瘢痕疙瘩疗效分析

目的:研究低浓度5-氟尿嘧啶联合曲安奈德注射治疗瘢痕疙瘩的美学效果。方法:选取2016年2月-2018年2月于笔者医院接受治疗的100例瘢痕疙瘩患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为联合组和对照组,每组50例。对照组用曲安奈德注射液治疗,联合组用低浓度5-氟尿嘧啶联合曲安奈德注射液治疗,1周1次,持续治疗4周后,观察比较两组临床疗效、瘢痕评分及不良反应。结果:联合组总有效率(78.00%)明显高于对照组(58.00%)(P0.05);治疗前,两组瘢痕评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组中瘢痕评分与治疗前比较显著下降(P0.05),对照组瘢痕评分明显著高于联合组(P0.05);两组治疗过程中均未出现严重不良反应。结论:低浓度5-氟尿嘧啶联合曲安奈德注射治疗瘢痕疙瘩疗效确切,有助于促进瘢痕软化,提高美容效果,且不会增加副反应,安全性好。     

手术切除联合注射曲安奈德加放疗治疗瘢痕疙瘩的疗效观察

目的：评估手术切除联合术中注射曲安奈德加术后早期放射治疗瘢痕疙瘩的疗效。方法：110例患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,对149处瘢痕疙瘩全部行手术切除,治疗组术中在切缘处皮肤真皮内注射曲安奈德,术后24h内对手术部位行放射治疗。结果：术后切口均为I期愈合,术后随访12～24个月,治疗组治愈率为83．6％,与对照组58．2％相比较,P〈0．05。结论：手术切除瘢痕疙瘩,术中注射曲安奈德加早期术后放疗能够有效提高瘢痕疙瘩的治愈率。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.