原钒酸钠的细胞毒理学实验研究

目的　探讨原钒酸钠 (SOV)对心肌细胞的毒性作用及其机制。方法　采用循环灌流的方法急性分离成年豚鼠心肌细胞 ,使其在原钒酸钠浓度为 1,10 ,10 ,10 0 μmol·L- 1 ,1mmol·L- 1 作用后 ,分别检测 30 ,6 0 ,12 0 ,180min 4个时相心肌细胞保存液中LDH、CK含量以及心肌细胞蛋白量和Na+ ,K+ ATP酶活性 ,检测心肌细胞凋亡率和细胞活力 ;电镜下观察死亡和凋亡细胞的细胞器和细胞核形态学变化。结果　在原钒酸钠 10 0 μmol·L- 1 和 1mmol·L- 1 两个组的各时相保存液中LDH、CK以及心肌细胞中蛋白含量增加 ;心肌细胞中Na+ ,K+ ATP酶活性和细胞活力降低 ,与对照组相比差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。流式细胞仪显示 :在180min时 10 0 μmol·L- 1 和 1mmol·L- 1 两组的细胞凋亡率与对照组相比增加 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　在原钒酸钠浓度高于 10 0 μmol·L- 1 且作用时间在 30min以上时 ,心肌细胞出现不可逆性损害。     

PPARγ激动剂罗格列酮对缺氧/复氧大鼠心肌细胞氧化应激和凋亡的影响

目的 观察不同浓度PPARγ激动剂罗格列酮对缺氧/复氧大鼠心肌细胞氧化应激影响及细胞活力和凋亡情况.方法 建立大鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧模型.培养大鼠心肌细胞分为5组:Ⅰ组(正常组)、Ⅱ组(20μmo/L ROS组)、Ⅲ组(I/R组)、Ⅳ组(FR+20μmol/LROS组)、Ⅴ组(I/R+80μmol/LROS组),Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组在缺氧/复氧前12 h经ROS处理.分别在光镜和透射电镜下观察缺氧/复氧后各组心肌细胞形态改变,采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活力,采用2,4-二硝基苯肼法测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量,采用MTT法比较各组心肌细胞活力和采用流式细胞术测定各组心肌细胞凋亡率.结果 与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组的MDA和LDH含量及细胞凋亡率明显升高(P<0.05),SOD含量和细胞活力降低(P<0.05);Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组MDA和LDH含量及细胞凋亡率较Ⅲ组降低(P<0.05)而SOD含量和细胞活力增加(P<0.05).Ⅴ组MDA和LDH含量及细胞凋亡率较Ⅳ组降低(P<0.05)而SOD含量和细胞活力增加(P<0.05).电镜下观察到Ⅲ组(I/R组)心肌细胞形态出现明显凋亡损伤改变,凋亡小体形成,而Ⅴ组改变轻微.结论 罗格列酮可以显著减轻心肌细胞缺氧/复氧导致的氧化应激损伤,改善细胞活力和减轻心肌细胞凋亡率,并存在量效关系.     

仙茅苷对H2O2氧化损伤心肌细胞的保护作用

目的探讨仙茅苷对H2O2氧化损伤心肌细胞的保护作用及机制。方法体外培养大鼠原代心肌细胞,将其分为空白对照组、DMSO溶剂对照组（0.1%）、H2O2氧化损伤组（200μmol/L）、槲皮素干预组（槲皮素30μmol/L＋H2O2200μmol/L）、低浓度仙茅苷干预组（仙茅苷0.5μmol/L＋H2O2200μmol/L）、中浓度仙茅苷干预组（仙茅苷5μmol/L＋H2O2μmol/L）、高浓度仙茅苷干预组（仙茅苷50μmol/L＋H2O2200μmol/L）。用H2O2氧化损伤经槲皮素及不同浓度仙茅苷预培养24 h的心肌细胞,18 h后测定细胞培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放量、心肌细胞内丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-px）含量,并测定心肌细胞的凋亡率和生长抑制率。结果 H2O2氧化损伤后LDH、MDA含量明显升高,GSH-px活性明显下降,细胞抑制率和凋亡率均增加（P〈0.01）;而经槲皮素、不同浓度的仙茅苷预处理组的心肌细胞,LDH、M DA含量明显下降,GSH-px活性明显升高,细胞生长抑制率和凋亡率均降低（P〈0.01）;且仙茅苷对心肌细胞氧化损伤的保护作用呈浓度依赖性。结论仙茅苷预处理心肌细胞可保护H2O2所诱导的氧化损伤,其作用可能与抑制脂质过氧化、增加抗氧化酶活性、减少心肌细胞凋亡有关。     

利多卡因预处理对H9c2心肌细胞缺氧复氧性损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨不同梯度浓度利多卡因预处理对缺氧复氧(H/R)引起的心肌细胞损伤是否具有保护作用。方法 实验随机分为7组：正常对照组(NC组)、缺氧复氧损伤对照组(HR组);利多卡因预处理组（LP组）,根据利多卡因的不同浓度对分为LP1（1μmol/L）、LP2（2.5μmol/L）、LP3（5μmol/L）、LP4（10μmol/L）、LP5（20μmol/L）组,每组6孔。心肌细胞损伤程度以心肌细胞活力和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性来表示,同时检测心肌细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果 与NC组比较,HR组细胞活力显著减弱,LDH释放量显著增加,并且MDA含量增多,SOD活性降低;与HR组比较,L2~5组细胞活力显著增强,LDH释放量显著降低;并且MDA含量下降,SOD活性增强;且细胞活力强弱的变化与LDH释放量、MDA含量呈负相关,与SOD活性呈正相关（P均<0.01）。细胞活力的增强与利多卡因浓度的增加呈正相关,与LDH释放量和MDA含量减呈负相关（均P <0.05）。结论 利多卡因可能通过抑制心肌细胞脂质过氧化,呈浓度依赖性地减轻心肌细胞的缺氧复氧损伤。     

阿托伐他汀对内皮前体细胞过氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:观察阿托伐他汀对体外培养猪内皮前体细胞过氧化损伤的保护作用。方法:体外培养猪内皮前体细胞,将细胞分为3组,组1为对照组(培养液常规培养,不加处理因素),组2为过氧化氢组(培养液加入浓度为100μmol/L过氧化氢),组3为阿托伐他汀组(预先给予阿托伐他汀1μmol/L,后加入浓度为100μmol/L过氧化氢),测定细胞增殖活力(MTT法)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及细胞凋亡率。结果:100μmol/L过氧化氢使细胞增殖活力下降,使LDH、MDA含量增加,细胞凋亡率上升,1μmol/L阿托伐他汀可减弱上述改变。结论:过氧化氢可引起内皮前体细胞过氧化损伤,阿托伐他汀对内皮前体细胞过氧化损伤具有保护作用。     

甘草对H2O2诱导大鼠H9c2心肌细胞损伤保护作用的研究

[目的]探讨甘草对双氧水(H_2O_2)诱导大鼠H9c2心肌细胞损伤的保护作用。[方法]建立H_2O_2诱导心肌细胞损伤模型(100μmol/L,4h),甘草(800、400μg/mL)作用4 h,检测心肌细胞活力、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量、细胞内氧自由基(ROS)含量、钙离子含量、线粒体膜通透性转换孔(mPTP)的开放及心肌细胞凋亡率。[结果]甘草能够不同程度提高心肌细胞活力和SOD活力,减少LDH、MDA、细胞内ROS和钙离子含量,抑制mPTP开放、降低细胞凋亡率(P0.05或P0.01)。[结论]甘草对H_2O_2诱导的大鼠H9c2心肌细胞损伤具有保护作用。     

辛伐他汀在心肌细胞缺血再灌注中的作用及机制

目的研究辛伐他汀在大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤中的保护作用及分子机制。方法分离培养乳鼠心肌细胞,建立I/R模型,实验分组：正常对照组（Control组）、缺血再灌注组（I/R组）、辛伐他汀预处理组（Sim,按辛伐他汀浓度分为0.1μmol/L、1.0μmol/L、10.0μmol/L的低、中、高三个浓度组）、辛伐他汀＋锌原卟啉（Znpp）组、辛伐他汀＋全反视黄酸（ATRA）组。使用流式细胞仪检测心肌细胞凋亡率,检测细胞上清液中CK,LDH的水平变化。运用Western blot分析HO-1、Nrf2的蛋白表达水平。结果与I/R组相比,1.0μmol/L、10.0μmol/L Sim组细胞凋亡率明显下降,LDH、CK平均值明显下降,而HO-1蛋白水平及Nrf2蛋白水平与I/R相比均明显增加。而Znpp会阻断辛伐他汀预处理对心肌细胞的保护作用,ATAR的加入会抑制Nrf2在细胞核的聚集进而抑制辛伐他汀对HO-1的诱导。结论辛伐他汀预处理诱导大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞HO-1过表达,抑制缺氧复氧心肌细胞凋亡,作用机制可能与Nrf2-ARE信号通路相关。     

线粒体源性氧自由基参与二氮嗪预处理的心肌保护作用

目的：研究线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂二氮嗪预处理中氧自由基（ROS）的来源。方法：传代培养的未成熟SD大鼠心肌细胞，随机分为对照组、二氮嗪（30μmol/L)预处理组、二联苯碘（DPI，10μmol/L)处理组、myxothiazol(0.2μmol/L)处理组。实验结束时全自动生化仪检测培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性，硫代巴比妥酸法测细胞内丙二醛（MDA）含量，台盼蓝染色法统计死亡率，电镜下观察线粒体的形态。结果：二氮嗪预处理可降低细胞死亡率、细胞内MDA含量及培养液中LDH的释放量，减轻细胞内线粒体水肿程度。二氮嗪的这种保护作用可以被线粒体氧化呼吸链阻断剂myxothiazol阻断。结论：二氮嗪预处理对心肌细胞的保护作用与线粒体电子传递链氧化产生的氧自由基有关。     

黄芩苷对羟自由基致培养心肌细胞损伤的保护作用

目的研究中药黄芩苷（baicalin,Bai）对羟自由基致大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞损伤的保护作用。方法原代SD大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞培养,48小时后加入Fe^2＋和半胱氨酸产生羟自由基造成心肌细胞损伤,损伤前30分钟加入不同浓度的黄芩苷作为保护剂。24小时后甲基四唑兰（MTT）法测定心肌细胞活性;试剂盒测定培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活力、心肌细胞中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性;并应用原位末端标记法（TUNEL）标记细胞后应用流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡率。结果Fe^2＋和半胱氨酸能明显造成心肌细胞损伤,表现为：细胞活性下降、LDH活性增加、MDA含量增加、SOD活力下降;流式细胞仪显示细胞凋亡率增高。黄芩苷4．5μmol／L、9μmol／L、18μmol／L对损伤心肌细胞有保护作用,使结果受损程度有所改善,并随浓度增加保护作用加强。结论黄芩苷能减轻羟自由基对心肌细胞的损伤作用,降低羟自由基导致培养心肌细胞损伤的凋亡率。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子拮抗大鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的机制

目的 :研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (basicfibroblastgrowthfactor ,bFGF)拮抗大鼠心肌细胞缺氧 /复氧(hypoxia/reoxygenation ,H/R)损伤的机制。 方法 :H/R处理的大鼠心肌细胞的孵育液中 ,对照组不加任何处理因素 ,其它各组分别加bFGF(10 μg·L-1)、bFGF与丝裂素活化蛋白激酶 (mitogen activatedproteinkinase,MAPK)抑制剂PD980 5 9(5 0 μmol·L-1)、蛋白激酶C(proteinkinaseC ,PKC)抑制剂H7(40 μmol·L-1)、一氧化氮合酶 (nitricoxidesynthase ,NOS)抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯 (NG nitro L argininemethylester,L NAME ,5 0 μmol·L-1)。孵育完毕 ,测定细胞活力、ATP含量及孵育液中乳酸脱氢酶 (lactatedehydrogenase,LDH)含量。 结果 :H/R组心肌细胞活力较对照组降低 32 % (P <0 .0 1) ,细胞ATP含量减少 5 8% (P <0 .0 1) ,孵育液中LDH活性增加 5 .8倍 (P <0 .0 1) ;bFGF组心肌细胞活力较H/R组增高 17% (P <0 .0 1) ,细胞ATP含量增加 45 % (P <0 .0 1) ,孵育液中LDH活性降低 31% (P <0 .0 1) ,细胞PKC、MAPK活性分别增加 32 % (P <0 .0 1)和 10 % (P <0 .0 5 )。PD980 5 9、H7、PD980 5 9+H7及L NAME各组心肌细胞活力较bFGF组分别降低 13%、17%、2 4%和 2 7% (均P <0 .0 1) ,细胞ATP含量分别减少 2     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.