Preoperative nomogram to predict survival following colorectal cancer liver metastasis simultaneous resection

BackgroundSimultaneous resection for patients with synchronous colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) remains an optimal option for the sake of curability. However, few studies so far focus on outcome of this subgroup of patients (who receive simultaneous resection for CRLM). Substantial heterogeneity exists among such patients and more precise categorization is needed preoperatively to identify those who may benefit more from surgery. In this study, we formulated this internally validated scoring system as an option.MethodsClinicopathological and follow-up data of 234 eligible CRLM patients undergoing simultaneous resection from January 2010 to March 2019 in our center were included for analysis. Patients were randomized to either a training or validation cohort. We performed multivariable Cox regression analysis to determine preoperative factors with prognostic significance using data in training cohort, and a nomogram scoring system was thus established. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration plot were adopted to evaluate the predictive power of our risk model.ResultsIn the multivariable Cox regression analysis, five factors including presence of node-positive primary defined by enhanced CT/MR, preoperative CEA level, primary tumor location, tumor grade and number of liver metastases were identified as independent prognostic indicators of overall survival (OS) and adopted to formulate the nomogram. In the training cohort, calibration plot graphically showed good fitness between estimated and actual 1- and 3-year OS. Time-dependent ROC curve by Kaplan-Meier method showed that our nomogram model was superior to widely used Fong’s score in prediction of 1- and 3-year OS (AUC 0.702 vs. 0.591 and 0.848 vs. 0.801 for 1- and 3-year prediction in validation cohort, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curves for patients stratified by the assessment of nomogram showed great discriminability (P<0.001).ConclusionsIn this retrospective analysis we identified several preoperative factors affecting survival of synchronous CRLM patients undergoing simultaneous resection. We also constructed and validated a risk model which showed high accuracy in predicting 1- and 3-year survival after surgery. Our risk model is expected to serve as a predictive tool for CRLM patients receiving simultaneous resection and assist physicians to make treatment decision.     

Nomogram predicted disease free survival for colorectal liver metastasis patients with preoperative chemotherapy followed by hepatic resection

BackgroundHepatic resection is regarded to as a potentially curative option for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM), but it is associated with a high rate of recurrence. The present study intended to establish an effective nomogram to predict disease free survival (DFS) and select candidates of hepatic resection.MethodsThe nomogram was based on a retrospective study on 447 CRLM patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy followed by hepatic resection using a multicentric database between January 1st, 2010 and December 31st, 2017. Results were validated using bootstrap resampling on 117 patients. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined by concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve. Overall survival, disease free survival, and local recurrence rate for patients with colorectal cancer were measured.ResultsBased on multivariate analysis of the primary cohort, independent factors for DFS included tumor size larger than 5 cm, multiple liver metastases(>1), RAS mutation, primary lymph node metastasis and tumor size increase after preoperative chemotherapy. These five factors were all considered in the nomogram. The C-index of the nomogram for predicting survival was 0.675. With external validation, the C-index of the nomogram for the prediction of the DFS was 0.77, which demonstrated that this model has a good level of discriminative ability. For the 382 patients (66.7%) who developed recurrence, the optimal cutoff point for early recurrence was determined to be 12 months after hepatic resection.ConclusionsThe proposed nomogram demonstrated accurate prognostic prediction of DFS for CRLM patients with preoperative chemotherapy followed by hepatic resection.     

The primary tumor location impacts survival outcome of colorectal liver metastases after hepatic resection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveLocation of the primary tumor side has become an increasingly prognostic factor for colorectal liver metastasis. The present study was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate if primary right-sided tumor impacted on long-term survival outcome of colorectal liver metastases following local treatment.MethodEligible trials were identified from the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane database that were published before October in 2018. English language trials that compared long-term survival outcome of primary left-sided tumor with right-sided tumor colorectal liver metastases following local treatment were included. Hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases was investigated. The main study outcomes included overall survival and disease free survival of primary right-sided colorectal liver metastases following local treatment. The risk factors of largest tumor size, primary node metastases, multiple tumor and RAS mutation were also analyzed. A systematic review and meta-analysis was done using a fixed-effects model. Hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to measure the pooled effect.ResultsA total of twelve studies with 6387 patients were included. For primary right-sided colorectal liver metastases patients following hepatic resection, the overall pooled HR for 5-year overall survival rate was 1.354 (95% CI: 1.238–1.482; p = 0.000; I² = 33.7%, p = 0.138). The pooled HR for 5-year disease free survival rate of primary right-sided CRLM in the included studies calculated using the fix-effects model was 1.104 (95% CI: 0.987–1.235; p = 0.084; I² = 0%, p = 0.477).ConclusionIt demonstrated that primary right-sided for colorectal liver metastases location was a significantly worse prognostic factor in terms of overall survival.     

Preoperative C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio and clinical outcomes after resection of colorectal liver metastases

PurposeAccumulating evidence suggests that the inflammatory tumor microenvironment can potentiate tumor progression and metastasis. The C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) is a novel inflammation-based prognostic score. This study was performed to examine the associations of the preoperative CAR with clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) after curative resection.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed the preoperative CAR in 184 patients who underwent curative resection for CRLM from November 2001 to January 2018 at Kumamoto University (Kumamoto, Japan). The optimal cutoff level of the preoperative CAR was determined by survival classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. We compared clinicopathological factors and prognoses between the high-CAR and low-CAR groups. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), controlling for potential confounders.ResultsA higher preoperative CAR was associated with worse overall survival (OS) (p < 0.0001) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.003). Applying survival CART analysis, the high-CAR group comprised 33 patients (17.9%). In the multivariate analyses, a high CAR was independently associated with shorter OS (HR, 2.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.63–4.72; p = 0.0004) and RFS (HR, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–2.49; p = 0.040). A high CAR was associated with a large tumor size, high serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels, high intraoperative blood loss, and more postoperative complications.ConclusionA high preoperative CAR is associated with shorter OS and RFS and might serve as a prognostic marker for patients with CRLM after curative resection.     

Prediction of survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases- development and validation of a prognostic score model

BackgroundMetastatic spread of colorectal cancer to the liver impacts prognosis. Advances in chemotherapy have resulted in increased resectability rates and thereby improved survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, criteria are needed to ensure that patients selected for hepatic resection benefit from the invasive therapy. The study aimed to construct a predictive model for overall survival (OS) in patients with CRLM, based on preoperatively available information.MethodsThe retrospective cohort study reviewed all patients with CRLM discussed at multidisciplinary team conference at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, 2013–2018. Independent prognostic factors for OS were identified, based on which a score model was generated. The model was validated on patients treated for CRLM at Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France, 2007–2018. Calibration and discrimination methods were used for internal and external validation.ResultsThe Swedish development cohort included 1013 patients, the French validation cohort 391 patients. Poor OS was significantly associated with age>60years (hazard ratio (HR) 3.57 (95%CI 2.18–9.94)), number of CRLM (HR 4.59 (2.83–12.20)), diameter of largest CRLM>5 cm (HR 2.59 (1.74–5.03)), right-sided primary tumour (HR 2.98 (2.00–5.80)), extrahepatic disease (HR 4.14 (2.38–15.87)) and non-resectability (HR 0.77 (0.66-0.90)). The C-statistic for prediction of OS was .74, in the development cohort and 0.69 in the validation cohort.ConclusionThe presented predictive score model can adequately predict OS for patients at the initial diagnosis of CRLM. The prognostic model could be of clinical value in the management of all patients with CRLM, by predicting individualized survival and thereby facilitating treatment recommendations.     

Resection of small bowel adenocarcinoma metastases: Results of the ARCAD-NADEGE cohort study

IntroductionData are lacking with regard to curative resection of metastasis from small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA). This study evaluated outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with curatively resected metastatic SBA.MethodsA series of 34 patients undergoing resection of metastatic SBA from January 2009 to November 2014 at French centers were included into this cohort study. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and prognostic factors. Univariate analyses were performed to determine prognostic risk factors.ResultsThe sites of SBA metastases were peritoneal (29.4%), liver (26.5%), lymph nodes (11.8%), lung (2.9%), multiple (14.7%), and other (14.7%). Thirty (88.2%) patients received adjuvant or perioperative chemotherapy, mainly was oxaliplatin-based (76.5%). The median OS was 28.6 months and RFS was 18.7 months. Fourteen (41.2%) patients survived for more than 36 months. In univariate analysis, poor differentiation (P = 0.006), invaded margins (P = 0.003), and lymphatic invasion in the primary tumor (P = 0.039) were associated with decreased OS.ConclusionOverall survival of patients after resection of metastatic SBA remains poor, but long-term survivors are observed. Resection of metastatic SBA should be consider if patients are expected to be operated on with curative intent and have moderately or well-differentiated tumors.     

Sub-millimeter surgical margin is acceptable in patients with good tumor biology after liver resection for colorectal liver metastases

BackgroundThe definition of R1 resection in colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) remains debatable. This retrospective study was conducted to clarify the impact of R1 margin on patient survival after liver resection for CRLM, taking into consideration tumor biology, including RAS status and chemotherapy response.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the clinical and survival data of 214 CRLM patients with initially resectable liver metastases who underwent liver resection after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy between January 2006 and December 2016.ResultsR1 resection significantly impacted patients’ overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in the overall patient cohort (5-year OS: 53.2% for R0 vs 38.2% for R1, P = 0.001; 5-year DFS: 26.5% for R0 vs 10.5% for R1, P = 0.002). In the RAS wild-type subgroup and respond to chemotherapy (RC) subgroup, R1 reached a similar OS to those who underwent R0 resection (RAS wild-type, P = 0.223; RC, P = 0.088). For the RAS mutated subgroup and no response to chemotherapy (NRC) subgroup, OS was significantly worse underwent R1 resection (RAS mutant, P = 0.002; NRC, P = 0.022). When considering tumor biology combining RAS and chemotherapy response status, R1 resection was only acceptable in patients with both RAS wild-type and RC (5-year OS: 66.4% for R0 vs 65.2% for R1, p = 0.884), but was significantly worse in those with either RAS mutation or NRC.ConclusionsTumor biology plays an important role in deciding the appropriate resection margin in patients with CRLM undergoing radical surgery. R1 resection margin is only acceptable in RAS wild-type patients who respond to chemotherapy.     

Surgical microwave ablation for multifocal non-resectable liver metastases: a single institution experience treating five or more liver lesions

BackgroundThermal ablation is an effective treatment for patients with metastatic colon and rectal cancer and allows surgeons to offer curative intent therapy to patients who are otherwise not candidates for resection. We aimed to report outcomes of a single institution experience using microwave ablation (MWA) with or without resection to treat five or more liver metastases.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, the University of Minnesota Division of Surgical Oncology liver surgery database was queried to identify all patients who underwent thermal ablation of five or more colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) between 2012–2018. We reviewed patient, disease, and tumor characteristics and measured local, intrahepatic, and extrahepatic recurrence (EHR) rates. We also calculated median overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).ResultsTen patients identified had five or more (range, 5–18) tumors ablated with or without combined liver and bowel resection. Median age was 50, and most patients were male (70%) and Caucasian (90%). Four patients received ablation alone (5–12 lesions), while six had combined resection and ablation (5–18 lesions). Ablation was performed laparoscopically in six patients, and four had ablations without resection. All patients received pre- and post-operative chemotherapy. A median of 7 tumors were ablated per patient. Median follow-up was 2.3 years. Among 75 tumors ablated, ablation site recurrence (ASR) (within 1 cm of ablation site) was seen in three with a per-lesion recurrence rate of 4%. Intrahepatic recurrence (IHR) occurred in 6 (60%) patients and EHR in 1 (10%). Five patients underwent retreatment of IHR during follow-up. Median OS was 3 years and DFS was 7.1 months. At the time of last follow up, 6 patients were disease-free.ConclusionsThermal ablation can provide acceptable DFS and OS, even with high volume metastatic colorectal cancers. Future efforts should be focused on defining selection criteria for those most likely to benefit from this aggressive approach.     

Microwave ablation for colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver: a single-center retrospective analysis

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and intermediate-term efficacy of percutaneous microwave (MW) ablation for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) at a single institution.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all CRLM treated with MW ablation from 3/2011 to 7/2020 (102 tumors; 72 procedures; 57 patients). Mean age was 60 years (range, 36–88) and mean tumor size was 1.8 cm (range, 0.5–5.0 cm). The patient population included 19 patients with extra-hepatic disease. Chemotherapy (pre- and/or post-ablation) was given in 98% of patients. Forty-five sessions were preceded by other focal CRLM treatments including resection, ablation, radiation, and radioembolization. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate local tumor progression-free survival (LTPFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) and multivariate analysis (Cox Proportional Hazards model) was used to test predictors of OS.ResultsTechnical success (complete ablation) was 100% and median follow-up was 42 months (range, 1–112). There was a 4% major complication rate and an overall complication rate of 8%. Local tumor progression (LTP) rate during the entire study period was 4/98 (4%), in which 2 were retreated with MW ablation for a secondary LTP-rate of 2%. LTP-free survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 93%, 58%, and 39% and median LTP-free survival was 48 months. OS at 1, 3, and 5 years was 96%, 66%, 47% and median OS was 52 months. There were no statistically significant predictors of OS.ConclusionsMW ablation of hepatic colorectal liver metastases appears safe with excellent local tumor control and prolonged survival compared to historical controls in selected patients. Further comparative studies with other local treatment strategies appear indicated.     

Prognostic indicators lose their value with repeated resection of colorectal liver metastases

Background

The liver is the most common site of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) and surgical resection improves overall survival in selected patients. Here, we investigate outcomes and relevant prognostic factors after repeated hepatic resections for CRLM.

Nationwide oncological networks for resection of colorectal liver metastases in the Netherlands: Differences and postoperative outcomes

IntroductionWidespread differences in patient demographics and disease burden between hospitals for resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) have been described. In the Netherlands, networks consisting of at least one tertiary referral centre and several regional hospitals have been established to optimize treatment and outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess variation in case-mix, and outcomes between these networks.MethodsThis was a population-based study including all patients who underwent CRLM resection in the Netherlands between 2014 and 2019. Variation in case-mix and outcomes between seven networks covering the whole country was evaluated. Differences in case-mix, expected 30-day major morbidity (Clavien-Dindo ≥3a) and 30-day mortality between networks were assessed.ResultsIn total 5383 patients were included. Thirty-day major morbidity was 5.7% and 30-day mortality was 1.5%. Significant differences between networks were observed for Charlson Comorbidity Index, ASA 3+, previous liver resection, liver disease, preoperative MRI, preoperative chemotherapy, ≥3 CRLM, diameter of largest CRLM ≥55 mm, major resection, combined resection and ablation, rectal primary tumour, bilobar and extrahepatic disease. Uncorrected 30-day major morbidity ranged between 3.3% and 13.1% for hospitals, 30-day mortality ranged between 0.0% and 4.5%. Uncorrected 30-day major morbidity ranged between 4.4% and 6.0% for networks, 30-day mortality ranged between 0.0% and 2.5%. No negative outliers were observed after case-mix correction.ConclusionVariation in case-mix and outcomes are considerably smaller on a network level as compared to a hospital level. Therefore, auditing is more meaningful at a network level and collaboration of hospitals within networks should be pursued.     

Development of a model to predict pathologic response to chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases

BackgroundPreoperative chemotherapy has widely been used in colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM). Pathological response to chemotherapy is very important in evaluating tumor biology. However, there is still a lack of a non-invasive and accurate method to evaluate pathological response before surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic data of patients with CRLM who underwent liver resection after preoperative chemotherapy between January 2006 and December 2018. Pathological responses were defined as minor when there are ≥50% remnant viable cells and as major when 0–49% remnant viable cells exist.ResultsA total of 482 patients were included and randomly divided into training (n=241) and validation (n=241) cohorts. The proportion of major pathologic response was similar between the two groups (51.5% and 48.5%). Multivariate analysis determined the disease-free interval (DFI), tumor size, tumor number, and RAS status as independent predictors of major pathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy. The nomogram incorporating these variables showed good concordance statistics in the training cohort (0.746, 95% CI: 0.685–0.807) and validation cohort (0.764, 95% CI: 0.704–0.823). In addition, the nomogram showed good applicability in patients with different characteristics.ConclusionsThe established nomogram model performed well in predicting pathological response in patients with CRLM.     

Ablation versus resection for resectable colorectal liver metastases - Health care related cost and survival analyses from a quasi-randomised study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare healthcare related costs and survival in patients treated with microwave ablation (MWA) versus surgical resection for resectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), in patients from a quasi-randomised setting.MethodsThe Swedish subset of data from a prospective multi-centre study investigating survival after percutaneous computer-assisted Microwave Ablation VErsus Resection for Resectable CRLM (MAVERRIC study) was analysed. Patients with CRLM ≤ 3 cm amenable to ablation and resection were considered for study inclusion only on even calendar weeks, while treated with gold standard resection every other week, creating a quasi-randomised setting. Survival and costs (all inpatient hospital admissions, outpatient visits, oncological treatments and radiological imaging) in the 2 years following treatment were investigated.ResultsMWA (n = 52) and resection (n = 53) cohorts had similar baseline patient and tumour characteristics and health care consumption within 1 year prior to CRLM treatment. Treatment related morbidity and length of stay were significantly higher in the resected cohort. Overall health care related costs from decision of treatment and 2 years thereafter were lower in the MWA versus resection cohort (mean ± SD USD 80′964±59′182 versus 110′059±59′671, P < 0.01). Five-year overall survival was 50% versus 54% in MWA versus resection groups (P = 0.95).ConclusionsMWA is associated with decreased morbidity, time spent in medical facilities and healthcare related costs within 2 years of initial treatment with equal overall survival, highlighting its benefits for patient and health care systems.     

Laparoscopic liver resection for colorectal liver metastases — short- and long-term outcomes: A systematic review

BACKGROUNDFor well-selected patients and procedures, laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has become the gold standard for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) when performed in specialized centers. However, little is currently known concerning patient-related and peri-operative factors that could play a role in survival outcomes associated with LLR for CRLM.AIMTo provide an extensive summary of reported outcomes and prognostic factors associated with LLR for CRLM.METHODSA systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library using the keywords “colorectal liver metastases”, “laparoscopy”, “liver resection”, “prognostic factors”, “outcomes” and “survival”. Only publications written in English and published until December 2019 were included. Furthermore, abstracts of which no accompanying full text was published, reviews, case reports, letters, protocols, comments, surveys and animal studies were excluded. All search results were saved to Endnote Online and imported in Rayyan for systematic selection. Data of interest were extracted from the included publications and tabulated for qualitative analysis.RESULTSOut of 1064 articles retrieved by means of a systematic and grey literature search, 77 were included for qualitative analysis. Seventy-two research papers provided data concerning outcomes of LLR for CRLM. Fourteen papers were eligible for extraction of data concerning prognostic factors affecting survival outcomes. Qualitative analysis of the collected data showed that LLR for CRLM is safe, feasible and provides oncological efficiency. Multiple research groups have reported on the short-term advantages of LLR compared to open procedures. The obtained results accounted for minor LLR, as well as major LLR, simultaneous laparoscopic colorectal and liver resection, LLR of posterosuperior segments, two-stage hepatectomy and repeat LLR for CRLM. Few research groups so far have studied prognostic factors affecting long-term outcomes of LLR for CRLM.CONCLUSIONIn experienced hands, LLR for CRLM provides good short- and long-term outcomes, independent of the complexity of the procedure.     

Sarcopenia and primary tumor location influence patients outcome after liver resection for colorectal liver metastases

IntroductionRight-sided and left-sided colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to differ in their molecular carcinogenic pathways. The prevalence of sarcopenia is known to worsen the outcome after hepatic resection. We sought to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its prognostic application according to the primary CRC tumor site.Methods355 patients (62% male) who underwent liver resection in our center were identified. Clinicopathologic characteristics and long-term outcomes were stratified by sarcopenia and primary tumor location (right-sided vs. left-sided). Tumors in the coecum, right sided and transverse colon were defined as right-sided, tumors in the left colon and rectum were defined as left-sided. Sarcopenia was assessed using the skeletal muscle index (SMI) with a measurement of the skeletal muscle area at the level L3.ResultsPatients who underwent right sided colectomy (n = 233, 65%) showed a higher prevalence of sarcopenia (35.2% vs. 23.9%, p = 0.03). These patients also had higher chances for postoperative complications with Clavien Dindo >3 (OR 1.21 CI95% 0.9–1.81, p = 0.05) and higher odds for mortality related to CRC (HR 1.2 CI95% 0.8–1.8, p = 0.03).On multivariable analysis prevalence of sarcopenia remained independently associated with worse overall survival and disease free survival (overall survival: HR 1.47 CI 95% 1.03–2.46, p = 0.03; HR 1.74 CI95% 1.09–3.4, p = 0.05 respectively).ConclusionSarcopenia is known to have a worse prognosis in patients with CRLM and CRC. Depending on the primary location sarcopenia has a variable effect on the outcome after liver resection.     

Surgical microwave ablation of otherwise non-resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases: Expanding opportunities for long term survival

BackgroundColorectal liver metastases (CRLM) are the most common extra-lymphatic metastases in colorectal cancers, however, only 15–20% of these patients are candidates for resection. We reviewed our institutional experience with 135 surgical ablations for unresectable CRLM.MethodsRetrospective review of surgically ablated CRLM from 2009 to 2018. Patient-specific variables were obtained from the medical record. Kaplan-Meier modeling was performed for survival analyses.ResultsWe ablated 135 CRLM in 36 patients over 40 procedures. Median age was 52 years and 58% of patients were male. All patients received systemic chemotherapy. The ablation procedure was completed laparoscopically in 68% of procedures. Median number of ablated lesions per patient was 2 (range 1–15). Median maximum diameter of ablated lesions was 1.9 cm (range 0.5–12.2). Median follow up of the study was 28 months. In this time, median disease-free survival was not reached. Of the 135 lesions ablated, the per-lesion recurrence rate was 6/135 (4.4%). Median overall survival was 81 months.ConclusionsSurgical ablation of CRLM can provide excellent local control and long-term survival outcomes in patients who may otherwise not be candidates for other liver-directed therapies.     

Survival impact of pancreatic resection for metastases in the pancreas: A retrospective multi-center study

BackgroundPancreatic metastases from other primary malignancies are rare.There is no clear evidence for a treatment strategy for this condition. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes, including prognostic factors for pancreatic resection of metastatic tumors in the pancreas, through a retrospective review.MethodsData of 35 patients who underwent pancreatic resection for pancreatic metastasis between 2005 and 2020 in eight Japanese institutions were included in this study. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and comparisons were made using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 35 months (range, 5–102 months). Median duration from resection for primary tumor to resection for metastatic pancreatic tumor was 10.6 years (range, 0.6–29.2 years). The 3- and 5-year survival rates after resection for metastatic tumors in the pancreas were 89% and 69%, respectively. In contrast, the 3- and 5-year disease-free survival rates after resection for metastatic tumors in the pancreas were 48% and 21%, respectively. Performance status ≥1 at the time of resection for metastatic tumors in the pancreas (HR: 7.56, p = 0.036) and pancreatic metastasis tumor diameter >42 mm (HR: 6.39, p = 0.02) were significant poor prognostic factors only in the overall survival.ConclusionsThe prognosis of pancreatic resection for metastatic tumors in the pancreas is relatively good for selected patients. However, because it is prone to recurrence after radical surgery, it should only be considered in patients with good PS.     

Systematic review of outcomes of patients undergoing resection for colorectal liver metastases in the setting of extra hepatic disease

BackgroundSurgical resection for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) can offer patients a significant survival benefit. We hypothesised that patients with CRLM and extra hepatic disease (EHD) undergoing metastasectomy had comparable survival and describe outcomes based on the distribution of metastatic disease.MethodsA systematic search using a predefined registered protocol was undertaken between January 2003 and June 2012. Primary exposure was hepatic resection for CRLM and primary outcome measure was overall survival. Meta-regression techniques were used to analyse differences between patients with and without extra hepatic disease.FindingsFrom a pool of 4996 articles, 50 were retained for data extraction (3481 CRLM patients with EHD). The median survival (MS) was 30.5 (range, 9–98) months which was achieved with an operative mortality rate of 0–4.2%. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 42.4% (range, 20.6–77%) and 28% (range, 0–61%) respectively. Patients with EHD of the lungs had a MS of 45 (range, 39–98) months versus lymph nodes (portal and para-aortic) 26 (range, 21–48) months versus peritoneum 29 (range, 18–32) months. The MS also varied by the amount of liver disease – 42.2 months (<two lesions) versus 39.6 months (two lesions) versus 28 months (⩾three lesions).InterpretationIn the evolving landscape of multimodality therapy, selective hepatic resection for CRLM patients with EHD is feasible with potential impact on survival. Patients with minimal liver disease and EHD in the lung achieve the best outcome.     

Wilms tumor in children: A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors,with emphasis on inferior vena cava/right atrium extension. Results from a single-center study

BackgroundTo identify prognostic factors for overall survival through the analysis of 132 patients with Wilms tumor followed at a single center, with emphasis on the inferior vena cava/right atrium extension.MethodsRetrospective analysis of overall survival using logistic regression models and including age, sex, clinical features, associated syndromes, comorbidities, tumor size before chemotherapy, stage, presence of metastatic disease and its site, invasion of adjacent structures, inferior vena cava/right atrium extension, laterality, tumor histology, chemotherapy protocol, and radiotherapy as potential risk factors.ResultsFrom January 2000 through November 2021, 132 patients met the inclusion criteria, 64 females and 68 males; 15 (11.4%) patients presented with tumoral extension to inferior vena cava/right atrium and 44 had metastatic disease (33.3%). Based on logistic regression, the factors correlating to a fatal outcome were male sex (p = 0.046), high risk histology (p = 0.036), and the presence of metastatic disease (p = 0.003). None of the patients presenting inferior vena cava/right atrium extension died (p = 0.992). In a specific analysis of metastatic sites, hepatic metastasis alone showed correlation with a fatal outcome (p = 0.001).ConclusionThese results underline the importance of identifying and treating metastatic disease and high-risk tumors. The female gender as a potential driver for a less aggressive disease is a new finding that deserves further investigation. The accurate identification of inferior vena cava/right atrium extension, subsequent preoperative chemotherapy, and resection with a skilled team promoted survival rates of all patients.Level of evidenceII.