经直肠三维超声联合双平面超声在直肠癌术前分期中的临床应用价值分析

目的探讨经直肠三维超声与双平面超声联合应用对直肠癌术前分期的临床意义。方法 76例直肠癌患者采用经直肠三维超声联合双平面超声检查,与术后分期诊断结果进行对比,计算单纯经直肠三维超声及经直肠三维超声联合双平面超声对直肠癌术前分期诊断的准确率,并进行对比分析。结果联合应用经直肠三维超声与双平面超声检查对直肠癌术前分期的准确率为93.4%(71/76),显著高于单纯经直肠三维超声检查的82.9%(63/76),P0.05。结论经直肠三维超声与双平面超声联合应用于直肠癌的术前分期诊断,准确性较高,对于手术方案的制定以及患者预后均具有重要意义。     

直肠腔内超声在直肠癌术前分期的应用价值

目的评价直肠腔内超声(ERUS)对直肠癌术前分期诊断的准确性以及探讨影响ERUS分期诊断准确性的因素。方法对我院2008年9月至2009年11月期间94例直肠癌患者术前行ERUS检查,观察肿块大小、形态、回声、位置、浸润深度及邻近组织脏器受累情况。参考TNM分期标准进行术前分期诊断,并与术后病理结果对照。结果 ERUS诊断94例直肠癌浸润深度的总准确性为63.8%(60/94),术后病理分期pT1、pT2、pT3及pT4各期的诊断准确性分别为87.2%(82/94)、76.6%(72/94)、76.6%(72/94)及97.9%(92/94)。ERUS对进展期直肠癌(pT3+pT4)的诊断敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为70.8%(34/48)、78.3%(36/46)及74.5%(70/94)。对94例直肠癌淋巴结转移的诊断敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为75.0%(42/56)、42.1%(16/38)及61.7%(58/94)。对不同位置的直肠癌浸润深度的诊断准确性差异无统计学意义(P=0.495)。对浸润深度分期准确性随检查者经验的丰富而提高,完成94例直肠癌检查后,对浸润深度的诊断准确性由早期的40.0%提高到了81.3%(P=0.026)。结论 ERUS对直肠癌浸润深度及转移淋巴结的诊断准确性较高,可作为直肠癌术前分期诊断的可靠手段。     

Endorectal Ultrasonography and Treatment of Early Stage Rectal Cancer

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative staging by endorectal ultrasonography (EUS) and its contribution to treatment of early stage rectal cancer (ESRC). The results of EUS for 154 consecutive patients with ESRC (pTis to pT2) were compared prospectively with histologic findings, assessed according to the TNM classification. Results of treatment selection and long-term outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. There were 35 patients histologically staged as pTis, 8 as pT1-slight (invasion confined to the superficial one-third of the submucosa), 37 as pT1-massive (invasion extending to the deeper submucosa), and 74 as pT2. The equipment used was an echoendoscope GF-UM2 or GF-UM3 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Sensitivity/specificity/overall accuracy rates for detection of slight submucosal invasion, massive submucosal invasion, and muscularis propria invasion were 99%/74%/96%, 98%/88%/97%, and 97%/93%/96%, respectively. Incidences of lymph node metastasis in pTis, pTis to pT1-slight, pT1, pT1-massive, and pT2 cases were 0%, 0%, 18%, 22%, and 30%, respectively. Incidences of lymph node metastasis in ESRCs staged by EUS (u) as uTis, uT1-slight, uT1-massive, uT2, and uT3 by EUS were 0%, 0%, 26%, 36%, and 64%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy rates for detection of positive nodes in overall ESRCs were 53%, 77%, and 72%, respectively. Of the 43 patients with pTis to pT1-slight tumors, 22 underwent endoscopic polypectomy or local excision, 20 radical surgery, and 1 radical surgery after endoscopic polypectomy due to vascular invasion. All these patients are alive and all but one (who refused radical surgery due to vascular invasion after local excision and developed liver and lung metastases) are disease-free. Of the 37 patients with pT1-massive tumors, 34 underwent radical surgery and 3 transcoccygeal segmental resection. All these patients are alive disease-free except for one who died of peritoneal carcinomatosis after radical surgery. All patients with pT2 tumors underwent radical surgery. The overall 5-year survival rates for pTis, pT1, and pT2 cases were 100%, 98%, and 97%, respectively. EUS is an accurate method for evaluating invasion depth in ESRC. Patients with uTis or uT1-slight tumors staged by EUS are at low risk of positive nodes and good candidates for endoscopic polypectomy or local excision. Those with uT1-massive or uT2 lesions should be treated with a radical operation because of the high incidence of positive nodes. E-pub: 3 July 2000     

Patterns of Local Recurrence in Rectal Cancer: A Single-Center Experience

A cohort of patients operated at the National Cancer Center Hospital in Tokyo for rectal carcinoma, at or below the peritoneal reflection, was reviewed retrospectively. The purpose was to study the risk factors for local relapse and the patterns of local recurrence. Three hundred fifty-one patients operated between 1993 and 2002 for rectal carcinoma, at or below the peritoneal reflection, were analyzed. One hundred forty-five patients, with preoperatively staged T1 or T2 tumors without suspected lymph nodes, underwent total mesorectal excision (TME). Lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) was performed in suspected T3 or T4 disease, or when positive lymph nodes were seen; 73 patients received unilateral LLND and 133 patients received bilateral LLND. Of the 351 patients 6.6% developed local recurrence after 5 years. TME only resulted in 0.8% 5-year local recurrence. In lymph-node-positive patients, 33% of the unilateral LLND group had local relapse, significantly more (p = 0.04) than in the bilateral LLND group with 14% local recurrence. Local recurrence in the lateral, presacral, perineal, and anastomotic subsites was lower in the bilateral LLND group as compared with in the unilateral LLND group. We conclude that, in selected patients, surgery without LLND has a very low local recurrence rate. Bilateral LLND is more effective in reducing the chance of local recurrence than unilateral LLND. Either surgical approach, with or without LLND, requires reliable imaging during work-up. An erratum to this article is available at .     

直肠癌经腹会阴柱状切除术应用体会

目的总结低位直肠癌采用柱状经腹会阴切除术（APR）的应用体会。方法徐州医学院附属医院普通外科于2010年1月至2013年7月期间采用柱状APR治疗22例低位直肠癌患者（柱状APR组）,并与同期行传统APR治疗的35例患者（传统APR组）进行对比,分析术中、术后和随访的各项指标。结果与传统APR组比较,柱状APR组的环周切缘阳性率及术中穿孔率明显降低[4．55％（1／22）比34．29％（12／35）和4．55％（1／22）比31．43％（11／35）],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;2组手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后随访3～30个月（平均21个月）,柱状APR组无肿瘤复发及远处转移患者,未见死亡病例;传统APR组出现盆底局部复发4例,远处转移3例,死亡2例。2组局部复发、远处转移及死亡率比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论柱状APR可以切除更多的肿瘤周围组织,降低环周切缘阳性率,减少术中肠穿孔的发生,降低局部复发。     

双吻合器技术在直肠癌中的应用

目的探讨双吻合器技术在直肠癌手术中的作用。方法回顾性分析2000年1月~2006年1月间采用双吻合器技术治疗的63例直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中肿瘤下缘距肛缘≤7 cm者33例,7.1~11 cm者21例,>11 cm者9例。结果21例吻合口距肛缘≤3 cm,42例吻合口距肛缘3~7 cm。术后发生吻合口漏3例(4.8%),吻合口狭窄6例(9.5%),伤口感染5例(7.9%),无手术死亡。全组均获随访,平均4.3(3~6)年,5例复发,其中3例行M iles术,随访仍健在,2例放弃手术治疗,分别死于肝转移和腹腔内广泛种植。结论双吻合器技术在直肠癌手术,尤其是在低位及超低位结直肠吻合中可拓展适应证,降低手术风险。     

弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

目的 探讨弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌行保肛手术中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析我中心2007年6月至2008年12月期间在低位直肠癌低位前切除术及超低位前切除术中使用弧形切割吻合器的32例患者的临床资料.结果 本组无手术死亡病例,所有病例切割闭合完全,术后并发直肠阴道瘘1例,吻合口漏1例;30例患者得到随访,随访时间4～22个月(平均12.6个月),无盆腔及吻合口大出血及吻合口狭窄病例.结论 弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用具有切割完整、闭合确实及并发症发生率低的优点,特别是操作更加方便,扩大了低位直肠癌保肛手术的适用范围,提高了低位直肠癌保肛率.     

Robotic Surgery for Rectal Cancer: Initial Experience from 30 Consecutive Patients

Background  

Robotic surgery offers 3D visualization and the advantage of the usage of multi-articulated instruments with superior dexterity. Theoretically, it can overcome many limitations of laparoscopic rectal surgery in the narrow pelvis.     

多学科协作诊疗直肠癌1例分析及体会

直肠癌术后并发症是外科临床医生经常面临的问题,多学科协作诊疗模式的出现,避免了既往单一学科诊疗的局限性.如何更好、更高效地集合不同学科的医生一起为患者拟定诊疗方案,是当下我们医护人员对于结直肠癌患者诊疗的关注点.现择取中国中医科学院西苑医院多学科协作诊疗的1例直肠癌病案,整理分析以供同道参考.     

腹腔镜辅助下低位直肠癌根治术21例体会

目的 探讨腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除(TME)治疗低位直肠癌的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析我院2007年1月至2008年3月期间21例行腹腔镜低位直肠癌手术患者的临床资料.结果 21例手术均成功,无中转开腹,平均手术时间160 min (110～260 min),术中平均失血50 ml (15～150 ml),术后平均住院时间9 d,发生吻合口漏1例,肠梗阻1例,排尿困难1例,术后随访1～14个月(平均9个月),随访率100%,无其他并发症和肿瘤复发表现.结论 腹腔镜辅助下TME治疗低位直肠癌安全、可行,且创伤小,疼痛轻,恢复快,掌握手术适应证及良好的腹腔镜手术技术和开腹直肠手术经验是手术成功的保证.     

经直肠超声引导氩氦靶向冷冻治疗前列腺癌23例疗效观察

目的:探索前列腺癌经皮冷冻治疗近期临床效果及并发症发生率。方法:使用ENDOCARE冷冻手术系统,经直肠超声引导,用2 mm冷冻刀经皮靶向冷冻前列腺癌,观察:①癌组织冷冻消融率;②并发症发生率;③手术前后PSA、PSMA的动态变化与疗效的关系。结果:①术后3周MR I显示:完全冷冻消融率34.8%(8/23);不完全冷冻消融率65.2%(15/23)。完全冷冻者术后6个月活检均呈阴性;未完全冷冻者活检阳性率为20%(3/15)。②术后轻度尿失禁发生率为13%(3/23),1月后均恢复正常。术后勃起功能障碍发生率为56.2%(9/16)。③氩氦刀治疗前后PSA水平分别为(32.98±35.50)μg/L、(11.65±26.51)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PSMA水平较术前上升显著。结论:经直肠超声引导经皮氩氦靶向冷冻治疗前列腺癌近期疗效满意,并发症少,创伤小。     

腔内超声对直肠癌术前分期的诊断价值

目的探讨腔内超声(Endoluminal ultrasound,ELUS)对术前直肠癌分期评价的临床应用价值。方法对69例直肠癌患者术前进行ELUS检查进行术前分期诊断,并且与术后病理诊断进行对照。结果术前ELUS检查T1期诊断正确率为93.33%(14/15),T2期为83.33%(15/18),T3期为74.07%(20/27),T4期为66.67%(6/9)。ELUS诊断正确率为79.71%(55/69)。ELUS对转移淋巴结诊断总正确率为65.22%(45/69),灵敏度为76.19%,特异度为61.71%。结论 ELUS对于直肠癌癌组织的浸润程度以及周围转移淋巴结诊断与术后病理诊断的正确率较高,有希望成为直肠癌术前分期的有效方法。     

Total Rectal Resection and Complete Mesorectum Excision Followed by Coloendoanal Anastomosis as the Optimal Treatment for Low Rectal Cancer: The Experience of the National Cancer Institute of Milano

Background: At present, abdominoperineal resection remains the most diffuse method of treatment of very low rectal cancer. Today, we can avoid this method in some patients by using a sphincter-saving procedure.Methods: From March 1990 to January 1999, 273 consecutive total rectal resections and coloendoanal anastomoses were performed at our Institute; this study concerns 141 consecutive patients treated for a primary adenocarcinoma of the distal rectum, from 3.5 to 8 cm from the anal verge. Patient stratification, based on definitive pathological report, was 31 Dukes stage A (T2N0), 44 stage B (T3N0), and 66 stage C (T2N+–T3N+).Results: Overall recurrence rate was 9.2%; postoperative morbidity attributable to the procedure was low. A perfect continence was documented in 61% of cases. The only pathological factor related to local recurrence rate is peritumoral lymphocytic reaction inside and around the tumor (P = .0005 and .031) independently from the number of metastatic lymph nodes, depth of fatty tissue infiltration, and lymphatic and venous neoplastic emboli. The minimum follow-up time is 12 months.Conclusions: Our data, in accordance with other authors, seem to highlight the relevant role that a well-practiced surgery, together with accurate information on the spreading of this disease, has in achieving an optimal local control of cancer.Presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of Society of Surgical Oncology, Orlando, Florida, March 4–7, 1999.