Environmental factors associated with allergic rhinitis symptoms in Japanese university students: A cross-sectional study

Objective

Numerous studies have reported that various environmental factors during early life are key determinants for developing allergic disease. Herein, we aimed to investigate the impact of environmental factors on allergic rhinitis.

未成年人与成年人变应性鼻炎变应原致敏特点

目的 分析江苏省常州市变应性鼻炎(AR)患者16种标准化变应原皮肤点刺试验(SPT)结果,比较本地区未成年人与成年人变应性鼻炎变应原致敏的特点。方法 4383例(3~75岁)临床疑似AR的患者被分为未成年人组(3~17岁)及成年人组(18~75岁),其中未成年人组又细分为三组(3~5岁组,6~14岁组,15~17岁组)后进行SPT结果分析。结果 未成年人组SPT阳性1063例(78.9%),其中男717例(67.5%),女346例(32.5%);成年人组SPT阳性1687例(55.6%),其中男715例(42.4%),女972例(57.6%)。未成年人组与成年人组均以粉尘螨、户尘螨为最主要变应原,阳性率分别为92.9%、90.8%及81.0%、78.9%。主要变应原第3~5位者,未成年人组为猫毛(7.2%)、蟑螂(6.9%)、葎草花粉(5.8%),成年人组为蟑螂(14.2%)、葎草花粉(13.0%)、海虾(6.4%)。经χ2检验,未成年人组与成年人组的SPT阳性率,SPT阳性男女比例,粉尘螨、户尘螨、蟑螂、葎草花粉及猫毛变应原阳性率,单一尘螨阳性率,单一尘螨阳性男女比例,粉尘螨及户尘螨阳性等级中+++及++++构成比与++构成比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经细分的未成年人三组间,除6~14岁组SPT阳性率与3～5岁组和15～17岁组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)外,其余上述各项两两相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 本地区未成年人与成年人AR患者的主要变应原存在显著差别。未成年人组中,男性SPT阳性率及单一尘螨阳性率明显高于女性。未成年人更适合特异性免疫治疗(SIT)。     

变应性鼻炎患者的心理学特点及影响因素分析

目的 观察变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者的心理学特点,分析其相关影响因素.方法 采用心理症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90)对377例AR患者进行评估,与我国标准常模进行对比,并分析相关影响因素.结果 AR患者中10%心理健康状态不佳,13%处于心理亚健康状态,77%心理状况良好.AR患者在躯体化、强迫症状、焦虑、敌对以及精神病性上的表现与常模的差异具有统计学意义(t值分别为7.128、3.943、2.777、6.423和7.507,P值均＜0.01).男性AR患者在强迫、抑郁、焦虑、偏执和精神病性方面得分高于女性AR患者,差异具有统计学意义(t值分别为2.680、1.977、2.539、2.107和2.844,P值均＜0.05).不同病程分组的强迫症状、恐怖症状得分差异有统计学意义(F值分别为2.379、2.255,P值均＜0.05).是否合并哮喘和(或)湿疹对强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、偏执以及精神病性方面得分有影响,两组差异有统计学意义(t值分别为6.835、8.914、7.254、13.358、6.030,P值均＜0.01).年龄、AR分型、患者受教育程度、变应原种类以及鼻塞、喷嚏、流涕对SCL-90各因子得分没有影响(P值均＞0.05).鼻痒对抑郁的影响显著(标准化回归系数为0.126,t=2.076,P＜0.05).结论 AR患者的心理健康程度差于常模,掌握AR患者的心理学特点,对提高AR综合治疗效果可能具有意义.     

儿童变应性鼻炎肺功能及相关因素的研究

目的 探讨变应性鼻炎患儿肺功能改变对早期发现气道高反应性及预测哮喘发生可能性的临床应用价值.方法 变应性鼻炎患儿94例,并设60例同龄健康儿童作对照组.全部患儿应用振荡法测定:呼吸阻抗(Zrs),气道总阻力(R5),中心气道阻力(R20),周边小气道阻力(R5-R20),弹性阻力(X5),响应频率(Fres);5岁以上患儿同时做常规用力通气肺功能检查:用力肺活量(FVC),用力呼吸量(FEF1),呼气峰流量(PEF),用力呼气中流量25%、50%、75%(FEF25,FEF50,FEF75).肺功能正常时加做支气管激发试验,肺功能异常时加做支气管舒张试验.结果 52例(55%)变应性鼻炎肺功能检测结果正常,与正常对照组比较无差异;42例(45%),异常与正常对照组比较有差异,表现FEF25,FEF50,FEE75均明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.01),R5,R20,X5,Fres较健康同龄儿增高(P＜0.05).52例结果正常加做激发试验,其中25例为阳性;42例结果异常加做舒张试验,其中32例为阳性.肺功能异常患儿与过敏史及家族史有明显相关性(P＜0.01).结论 ①本研究得出变应性鼻炎患几肺功能异常发生率61%,同时存在支气管激发试验和舒张试验阳性,提示变应性鼻炎患儿存在着发生支气管哮喘的危险.为早期诊断和干预治疗隐匿哮喘提供依据.②变应性鼻炎及支气管哮喘与过敏史和家族史等因素有关.     

变应性鼻炎患者协同刺激分子CD28/B7及CD40/CD40L的研究

目的:探讨变应性鼻炎患者外周血T、B淋巴细胞表面协同刺激分子CD28/B7及CD40/CD40L的表达及与血清总IgE(TIgE)、患者鼻部症状和嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)的关系,以及特异性免疫治疗的作用。方法:选择30例对尘螨过敏的变应性鼻炎患者为实验组,30例健康人为对照组。采用流式细胞仪方法检测实验组和对照组以及实验组22例患者特异性免疫治疗前后T、B淋巴细胞表面CD28/B7-1、CD28/B7-2及CD40/CD40L的表达。用UniCAP系统检测血清变应原特异性IgE、TIgE和ECP的含量。结果:与对照组相比,实验组T淋巴细胞表面CD28及CD40L的表达水平增高,B淋巴细胞表面的B7-2及CD40表达也增高。T淋巴细胞CD40L表达水平与血清TIgE水平呈正相关,B7-2表达水平与ECP呈正相关,CD28、B7-1及CD40的表达水平与TIgE、鼻部症状评分和ECP均无相关性。特异性免疫治疗6个月后,实验组T、B淋巴细胞表达的CD28/B7-2及CD40/CD40L水平均有所下调。结论:协同刺激分子CD28/B7-2及CD40/CD40L表达水平的上调在变应性鼻炎的发病中可能起到重要作用,特异性免疫治疗能下调变应性鼻炎患者T、B淋巴细胞表面CD28/B7-2及CD40/CD40L的表达水平,并可能由此间接下调血清TIgE水平,起到相应治疗作用。     

非变应性鼻炎与变应性鼻炎患者患病相关因素比较

目的 调查和比较非变应性鼻炎(non-allergic rhinitis,NAR)与变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者的年龄、性别、发病季节以及相关环境因素的差异.方法 收集2010年1-8月在门诊首次确诊的NAR患者111例与AR患者112例,通过调查问卷详细记录患者的一般资料、病史经过及患病相关因素.采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 相对于AR而言,NAR随着年龄增加患病人数有增加的趋势.NAR的好发年龄为21～30岁,而AR的好发年龄处于11～20岁.在18岁以上成年人中,NAR和AR患者的平均年龄((-x)±s)分别为(38.6±14.5)岁和(32.8±13.0)岁,差异有统计学意义(t=2.58,P=0.024).NAR在30岁前以男性居多,30岁后则女性病例数上升;而AR患者在20岁前以男性居多,20岁后则以女性多见.NAR在冬季高发(χ2=27.57,P=0.000),AR则高发于春季(χ2=13.75,P=0.003);冬季NAR的发病例数明显多于AR(χ2=12.34,P=0.000).在相关环境因素中,居住地或工作场所靠近交通干道者NAR的发病风险是AR的1.94倍,而居住地或工作场所位于建筑物底层或每天日照<2 h者AR的发病风险分别是NAR的1. 77倍和1.91倍.当患者有过敏性疾病个人史或家族史时,可使AR的发病风险升高至NAR的2.14～4.06倍.NAR患者自报的发病诱因主要为温度变化(56.3%)、经常上呼吸道感染(52.8%)、气候改变(32.4%)和刺激气味(31.1%)等,但与AR患者比较,这些非特异性诱发因素差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).结论 NAR与AR患者在年龄、性别和发病季节分布,个人和家族过敏史,以及某些与发病相关的环境因素等方面存在明显差异.     

Risk factors for asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis in eastern China

BackgroundAsthma is one of the most common chronic diseases among children and adults and can lead to a high health and socioeconomic burden. Allergic rhinitis (AR) often precedes the development of asthma. This study aims to clarify the risk factors for cocurrent asthma in patients with AR in eastern China.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 3739 patients with AR was performed in eastern China. Patients meeting the criteria for AR were evaluated using a skin-prick test (SPT) of 16 common aeroallergens. A logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors of asthma in patients with AR.ResultsThe prevalence of asthma in patients with AR was 14.23%. The patients sensitive to dust mites (D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus) had the highest prevalence (76.84% and 73.68%). A significant difference was found in sensitization to four types of allergens (D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, dog dander, Alternaria alternata) in patients with AR with and without asthma. The strongest risk factor for asthma in patients with AR was an allergy to Aspergillus fumigatus (adjusted OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.50–3.90), followed by allergy to D. pteronyssinus (adjusted OR, 2.06; 1.30–3.27), and allergy to dog dander (adjusted OR, 1.92; 1.24–2.97). Various risk factors that are independently associated with asthma in patients with AR were found in different age groups.ConclusionsWe observed a difference in risk factors in patients with AR with and without asthma. Clarifying the risk factors for asthma in patients with AR is important and may be beneficial to the optimal interventions of asthma.     

变应性鼻炎患者3292例变应原谱变化分析

目的 了解天津市第一中心医院近4年来变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者变应原谱的变化情况.方法 回顾性分析2009-2012年确诊为AR的3292例患者皮肤点刺试验结果,研究各变应原阳性率4年来的变化趋势,并进一步分析前5位变应原在未成年人组、成年人组以及不同性别组的变化情况,以SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行统计学分析.结果 粉尘螨、屋尘螨变应原阳性率呈逐年增高趋势,分别由2009年的45.1％、42.0％上升至2012年的66.3％、58.6％,差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为68.70、41.55,P值均＜0.01);粉尘螨、屋尘螨在成年人组及男性组出现明显逐年上升趋势(x2值分别为75.85、69.93、274.25、42.62,P值均＜0.01),而在未成年人组及女性组尽管有波动但未见明显的变化趋势;藜、艾蒿、葎草变应原阳性率在2009年至2011年出现明显的下降(x2值分别为22.08、11.64、203.19,P值均＜0.01),但是2012年再次明显升高(x2值分别为21.55、29.38、12.40,P值均＜0.01).结论 AR患者变应原种类有波动变化,可以为临床变应原点刺液种类的选择提供参考.     

A prospective study on the difference of clinical outcomes between elderly and adult patients with allergic rhinitis

ObjectiveThe guiding significance of existing guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and health management of AR in elderly patients is unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics and therapeutic effects of elderly and adult AR patients by prospective study.MethodsA total of 131 AR patients were recruited and divided into elderly group and adult group according to age. After receiving the same pharmacological treatment for 4 weeks, the differences of the two groups in clinical scores including TNSS-4, RQLQ and VAS were compared.ResultsAfter 4 weeks treatment, all clinical scores in the adult group were improved compared with the baseline levels, while in the elderly group, only the TNSS-4 score was significantly reduced, and the RQLQ and VAS scores were not significantly improved. The changes of TNSS-4, RQLQ, and VAS scores in the elderly group were significantly inferior to those in the adult group (LS mean differences were 1.60, 8.80, and 11.10, respectively; P < 0.001).ConclusionWe confirmed that elderly and adult AR patients had different clinical characteristics and outcomes, and the degree of improvement in the adult group was significantly better than that in the elderly group. Therefore, it is urgent for us to establish a clinical guideline suitable for the elderly AR population to give more scientific and reasonable recommendations for diagnosis and treatment.     

The role of psychic factors in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Psychosomatic studies were made in 128 patients with allergic rhinitis. After the allergic and clinical anamnesis the patients were divided into two groups: those ill with hay fever (91 patients) and those suffering from perennial allergic rhinitis (37 patients). The assessment of the role of psychogenous factors in both varieties of allergic rhinitis was the main purpose of the investigation. The investigation showed that psychogenous factors are practically of no importance in hay fevers. Their role is great, however, when perennial allergic rhinitis is involved.     

Analysis of risk factors for deficits in the quality of life in allergic rhinitis patients

To assess the possible negative aspects in the quality of life (QOL) of patients with allergic rhinitis based on the factors such as the symptoms and examination of the nasal cavity, we examined QOL deficits using the Japanese Rhino-conjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JRQLQ No1). Thirteen hundred seventy eight allergic rhinitis patients who visited clinics or hospitals between April and July 2003 were assessed for clinical symptoms, had the examination of their nasal cavity graded and answered QOL questionnaires. Gender, period of the disease, antigen, clinical symptoms and the results of the nasal cavity examination were evaluated and analyzed to reveal risk factors associated with negative QOL factors. These negative QOL factors tended to be more severe in women than in men, and more severe in pollen allergy than in house dust mite allergy. There was no association of the period of the disease with negative QOL factors. It was revealed that nasal discharge was the strongest risk factor for problems in usual daily activities, outdoor activities and social functioning in six QOL domains, and nasal congestion was the major factor associated with sleep problems, general physical problems and emotional function. Nasal congestion was also the strongest risk factor in the total score of the QOL questionnaire and the overall face scale of the patients. In the nasal cavity examination, the amount of aqueous secretion was the strongest risk factor for all items associated with negative QOL factors. According to the risk factors we identified, we can treat allergic rhinitis patients taking their QOL into consideration.     

Examination, diagnosis and classification for Japanese allergic rhinitis: Japanese guideline

Many countries throughout the world have experienced an increase in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR), which has come to be a major cause of morbidity in developed countries. The pathology underlying AR is regarded as IgE-mediated type I allergy characterized by mucosal inflammation that occurs in response to allergen exposure. In Japan, AR caused by Japanese cedar pollen, the most common allergic disease, has become a salient public health challenge. Almost all primary care physicians and otorhinolaryngologists have been consulted by AR patients between February and April. Although most such patients have received treatment, numerous patients with AR have not received proper examinations for AR. Clinical guidelines are systematically developed statements that are designed to help practitioners make decisions about appropriate and effective health care. Guidelines in many countries including Japan have been published for AR. Unfortunately, those guidelines have remained untested. Moreover, they might be difficult for non-specialists to use. In this review, we specifically examine the present standard examination for diagnosis of AR and optimal classification for AR in Japan. We hope that this review would be used not only for the support of daily practice but also for selection of AR patients for clinical trials.     

变应性鼻炎患者4637例变应原特点分析

目的 了解上海地区近5年来变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者的变应原分布状况,为AR的防治提供临床参考.方法 2005年6月至2010年5月间,针对有AR症状的患者行变应原皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT),分析各种变应原的致敏阳性率,以及致敏患者在年龄、性别、检测时间等方面的差异.结果 全部4637例患者中SPT阳性率为62.84％,屋尘螨、粉尘螨为主要变应原;不同季节变应原阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2 =93.581,P＜0.01),其中秋季最高,春季最低;各月份变应原检出阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2 =112.001,P＜0.01),其中10月份阳性率最高;变应原阳性率与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.792,P＜0.01),屋尘螨和粉尘螨的反应强度均随着年龄增大而减弱(x2 =122.513,P＜0.01;x2=138.475,P＜0.01).结论 尘螨为近5年来上海地区AR患者的主要变应原,年龄较小者变应原阳性率及阳性反应强度均较高.尘螨阳性率在季节分布方面存在差异.     

中国东北汉族人群变应性鼻炎患者HLA-DRB1基因多态性分析

目的分析中国东北地区汉族人变应性鼻炎（ａｌｅｒｇｉｃｒｈｉｎｉｔｉｓ,ＡＲ）患者与ＨＬＡ（ｈｕｍａｎｌｅｕｋｏｃｙｔｅＡｓｙｓｔｅｍ）ＤＲＢ１等位基因的关联。方法采用聚合酶链反应序列特异性引物技术对３５例东北汉族变应性鼻炎患者的ＨＬＡＤＲＢ１等位基因进行检测,对照组为同地区９４例健康者。结果统计学分析结果显示患者组ＨＬＡＤＲＢ１０１０１．２和０３０２等位基因比正常对照组明显增高,基因频率分别为１２．８６％（相对危险性为１５．９２,校正Ｐ值＜０．０００４）和５．７１％（相对危险性为１２．００,校正Ｐ值＜０．０５）,其它等位基因频率在实验组和对照组之间差异无显著性。结论提示ＨＬＡＤＲＢ１０１０１．２和ＤＲＢ１０３０２等位基因与ＡＲ关联。     

变应性鼻炎患者舌下特异性免疫治疗65例临床分析

目的 评价标准化粉尘螨变应原疫苗舌下含服治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效和安全性.方法 变应性鼻炎患者65例给予粉尘螨滴剂舌下免疫治疗,疗程1～3年.分别于治疗后6个月、1年、2年进行疗效评估.结果 舌下免疫治疗6个月、1年、2年分别与治疗前相比较,患者的症状评分均显著降低(P＜0.01).治疗1年的有效率为82.1％.治疗2年患者的症状评分与治疗6个月相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),与治疗1年相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗过程中无明显副作用.结论 应用标准化粉尘螨变应原疫苗舌下含服对变应性鼻炎患者进行免疫治疗,疗效和安全性良好.     

Treatment of allergic rhinitis associated with hypothyroidism

Fifty five patients with allergic rhinitis and moderate hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis have undergone clinical, functional, hormonal, immunological and allergological examinations. Of them, 45 patients received a course of treatment with thyroid hormones and antiallergic drugs while 10 patients received replacement hormonal therapy only. The results of the study demonstrate that treatment of allergic rhinitis associated with hypothyroidism is more effective if antiallergic drugs are added to replacement hormonal therapy.     

Expression of Syk is associated with nasal polyp in patients with allergic rhinitis

OBJECTIVE: Numerous signalings are involved in allergic inflammation. The non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase, Syk, is widely expressed in immune-potentiated cells and plays critical roles in initiating signal transduction in response to the activation of cytokine, chemokine and other types of receptors. It has been hypothesized that Syk expression in allergic nasal mucosa and polyps with allergy is different from non-allergic mucosa, and that changes in Syk expression contribute to the activation of allergic reactions. METHODS: We examined whether the expression of Syk is found in allergic nasal mucosa and polyps. We investigated the expression of Syk in 46 nasal mucosa and polyps (14 samples from patients with allergic rhinitis and 32 samples with non-allergic chronic sinusitis) using an immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: Allergic polyps had more Syk positive cells than non-allergic polyps. Syk positive cells were determined to mainly be eosinophils. There was no difference in Syk expression in the lamina propria and nasal gland between allergic mucosa and non-allergic mucosa. CONCLUSION: Eosinophils in allergic polyps receive an intracellular signal, although the signal is not able to determine the function in the present state. Syk appears to be a promising target molecule for anti-allergic inflammation in allergic rhinitis.     

Manifestation of allergic rhinitis in latent-sensitized patients. A prospective study

In a prospective study of allergic rhinitis in latent-sensitized young patients, 114 children were observed over a period of 4 years. At the beginning of the study, all patients were found to be sensitive to inhalant allergens but without any signs of clinical manifestations. Each patient's rhinologic and allergic status was checked in yearly follow-up examinations to determine the incidence of allergic rhinitis becoming clinically apparent and to define special risk characteristics. During the period of observation, 53% of the children developed manifest allergic rhinitis, while an additional 5% developed clinical symptoms of allergic bronchial asthma. Patients who showed monovalent sensitivity formed a special risk group, especially if they were sensitized to pollen. A continuously increasing serum IgE titer, increased concentrations of specific IgE, and skin tests were used as prognostic criteria to predict imminent clinical manifestations.     

微波组织凝固法治疗变应性鼻炎的研究

目的 评价微波组织凝固治疗变应性鼻炎的效果。方法 我们用微波组织凝固法治疗我科在1998－2000年间收治的94例患者。利用微波产生的热能凝固中鼻甲、对应鼻中隔粘膜以及下鼻甲前端等筛前神经支配区域，阻断神经传导，治疗变应性鼻炎。对微波在不同条件下的治疗效果做了仔细的观察。结果 微波的治疗效果显著。结论 微波凝固法是一种治疗变应性鼻炎较好的辅助治疗方法。