腹部无辅助切口经肛门取标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌切除术在低位直肠癌患者中的应用效果

目的 探讨腹部无辅助切口经肛门取标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌切除术在低位直肠癌患者中的应用效果。方法 根据手术方式的不同将80例低位直肠癌患者分为对照组（n=45）和观察组（n=35）,对照组患者采用常规腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术,观察组患者采用腹部无辅助切口经肛门取标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌切除术。比较两组患者的手术相关指标、疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分]、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平和术后并发症发生情况。结果 观察组患者的手术时间明显长于对照组,术后住院时间明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。术后3、7天,两组患者的VAS评分均高于本组术前1天,观察组患者的VAS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。术后3、7天,两组患者的CRP水平均高于本组术前1天,观察组患者的CRP水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。观察组患者的并发症总发生率为5.71%(2/35),与对照组患者的11.11%(5/45)比较,差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。结论 与腹腔镜下低位直肠癌切除术相比,腹部无辅助切口经肛门取标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌切除术的手术时间更长,术后...     

抵钉座体外置入法经肛门外翻切除标本腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术的近期疗效#br#

目的探讨抵钉座体外置入法在经肛门外翻切除标本的腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术中的近期疗效及应用价值。 方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2018年6月在河南大学淮河医院肛肠外科接受腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术的52例患者的临床资料,其中26例行抵钉座体外置入法经肛门外翻切除标本的腹部无辅助切口手术（NOSES组）,26例行传统腹壁小切口取标本手术（LAP组）。并对其术中、术后资料进行分析。 结果两组共52例患者手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹病例,两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目、术后并发症发生率、环周切缘情况、术后随访情况及术后肛门功能比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞005）。与LAP组相比,NOSES组术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后住院时间均更短,术后疼痛评分、额外镇痛药物使用率更低,住院费用更少,患者对术后腹壁外观满意程度更高（均P＜005）。 结论抵钉座体外置入法经肛门外翻切除标本的腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术近期疗效满意,且在减轻术后疼痛、缩短术后住院时间、降低住院费用、腹壁外观更加美观等方面具有优势。     

抵钉座体外置入法经肛门外翻切除标本腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术的近期疗效

目的探讨抵钉座体外置入法在经肛门外翻切除标本的腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术中的近期疗效及应用价值。方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2018年6月在河南大学淮河医院肛肠外科接受腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术的52例患者的临床资料,其中26例行抵钉座体外置入法经肛门外翻切除标本的腹部无辅助切口手术(NOSES组),26例行传统腹壁小切口取标本手术(LAP组)。并对其术中、术后资料进行分析。结果两组共52例患者手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹病例,两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目、术后并发症发生率、环周切缘情况、术后随访情况及术后肛门功能比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。与LAP组相比,NOSES组术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后住院时间均更短,术后疼痛评分、额外镇痛药物使用率更低,住院费用更少,患者对术后腹壁外观满意程度更高(均P0.05)。结论抵钉座体外置入法经肛门外翻切除标本的腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术近期疗效满意,且在减轻术后疼痛、缩短术后住院时间、降低住院费用、腹壁外观更加美观等方面具有优势。     

全腹腔镜下NOSES手术在直肠癌中的应用及近期疗效分析

目的 研究全腹腔镜下经自然腔道取标本手术(NOSES)在直肠癌中的近期疗效及安全性.方法 选取皖北煤电集团总医院2017年4月至2019年4月收治的80例直肠癌患者,依照治疗方法的不同分为对照组和研究组,对照组35例行传统腹腔镜手术治疗,研究组45例行腹腔镜下结肠吻合并NOSES手术治疗,比较两组的手术指标、术后病理指...     

DRGs下的腹腔镜结直肠癌NOSES手术改进

目的：探讨在（疾病）诊断相关分类（diagnosis related groups,DRGs）形势下,腹腔镜结直肠癌经自然腔道取标本（NOSES）手术方式改进及其可行性。方法：回顾性分析安阳市肿瘤医院2019年2月至2021年2月实施DRGs的42例改进后的腹腔镜结直肠癌NOSES术,并与同期进行常规腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的238例患者在费用、治疗结果、并发症等方面相比较。结果：NOSES改进组42例患者DRGs控费成功率为95.2%(40/42),与常规腹腔镜组在DRGs费用及近期并发症发生率方面无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：腹腔镜结直肠癌NOSES改进手术可以达到DRGs费用标准,手术安全可靠,应用双7号丝线代替部分直线切割闭合器是可行的。     

3种经自然腔道取标本手术方式治疗直肠癌的安全性与肿瘤学预后对比研究

目的:探讨经自然腔道取标本手术(natural orifice specimen extraction surgery,NOSES)的安全性,并比较3种取标术式在直肠癌治疗中的近期疗效和远期预后.方法:回顾性分析接受腹腔镜NOSES的Ⅰ～Ⅲ期直肠癌患者的临床资料.直肠NOSES手术包括外翻切除式、拉出切除式和切除拖出式...     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术和开腹手术直肠癌根治术的疗效及对患者胃肠功能影响的比较

目的 对比分析腹腔镜和传统开腹手术对直肠癌根治术患者的疗效及对胃肠功能的影响.方法 12例患者分为2组,腹腔镜直肠癌根治术组(LAP组)和开腹直肠癌根治术组(OP组),每组60例.对比分析2组患者手术指标,血清胃动素和胃泌素含量及并发症等情况.结果 LAP组与OP组相比,手术时间无差异性,但术中出血量、淋巴结清扫个数、术后进食时间、术后吗啡用量、术后镇痛时间及术后住院时间有差异性(P<0.05);腹胀排气时间、肛门排气时间、血清中胃动素和胃泌素有差异性(P<0.05);并发症发生率也有差异性(P<0.05).结论 腹腔镜直肠癌根治术可以减小手术创伤,加快恢复胃肠道功能,可能与提高胃动素和胃泌素的分泌有关.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗老年结直肠癌的疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗老年结直肠癌的疗效.方法 将96例老年结直肠癌患者.按照入院顺序抽签后随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组:进行开腹手术治疗.实验组:进行腹腔镜下手术.观察患者手术情况、胃肠功能恢复情况、IL-6、IL-8水平变化情况.结果 实验组手术时间、术中出血量优于对照组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).两组患者切除标本长度、淋巴结清扫总数对比,无统计学差异(P＞0.05).实验组腹胀持续时间、肛门排气时间短于对照组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).实验组胃动素、胃泌素水平高于对照组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).实验组治疗后IL-6水平高于治疗前,低于对照组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).实验组治疗后IL-8水平低于对照组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).对照组治疗后IL-6、IL-8水平高于治疗前,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗老年结直肠癌效果较好,患者手术时间、术中出血量低,腹胀持续时间、肛门排气时间短,胃动素、胃泌素水平恢复较好,IL-6、IL-8水平可得到有效改善,临床应用价值较高.     

3D和2D腹腔镜在直肠癌根治手术中的临床疗效比较

目的探究3D和2D腹腔镜在直肠癌根治术的临床价值对比。方法选取2016年5月至2018年5月我院就诊的114例直肠癌患者,采用随机数字表分组,分观察组和对照组,各57例,两组患者入组后完善术前准备,均行腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术,其中观察组患者采用3D腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术治疗,对照组患者采用2D腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术治疗,比较两组患者手术情况,包括手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目等;比较两组患者术后恢复情况及并发症发生情况;比较两组患者术后标本病理学指标;比较两组患者术后引流管留置时间。结论观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量较对照组患者明显降低,结果具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者淋巴结清扫数目无明显差异;观察组患者术后并发症发生率较对照组患者明显降低,结果具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、住院费用等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者术后病理指标,包括肿瘤距切缘下距离与标本长度无明显差异(P>0.05);观察组患者引流管留置时间较对照组患者明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论3D腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术较传统2D腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术临床效果更好,并发症发生率更低,能有效缩短住院时间,对患者术后快速康复有一定积极。     

腹腔镜超低位直肠癌根治术疗效的临床对照研究

目的 比较腹腔镜及开腹超低位直肠癌根治术的疗效.方法 选取超低位直肠癌患者76例为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各38例.观察组采用腹腔镜超低位直肠癌根治术,对照组采用开腹超低位直肠癌根治术.比较两组患者的手术指标、术后恢复指标及术后随访情况.结果观察组患者的手术时间长于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,系膜完整比例高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的淋巴结清除数量、远切端距离及并发症发生情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者的排气时间、进食流质时间及导尿管留置时间均短于对照组,镇痛需要率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的随访时间分别为(30.3±4.3)个月和(31.4±3.5)个月;两组患者的肛门功能、术后复发及远处转移情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 腹腔镜超低位直肠癌根治术疗效可靠,且手术损伤小,术后恢复快,值得在临床治疗中推广应用.     

Oral complications of cancer and cancer therapy

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Oral complications resulting from cancer and cancer therapies cause acute and late toxicities that may be underreported, underrecognized, and undertreated. Recent advances in cancer treatment have led to changes in the incidence, nature, and severity of oral complications. As the number of survivors increases, it is becoming increasingly recognized that the aggressive management of oral toxicities is needed to ensure optimal long‐term oral health and general well‐being. Advances in care have had an impact on previously recognized oral complications and are leading to newly recognized adverse effects. Here, the authors briefly review advances in cancer therapy, including recent advances in surgery, oral care, radiation therapy, hematopoietic cell transplantation, and medical oncology; describe how these advances affect oral health; and discuss the frequent and/or severe oral health complications associated with cancer and cancer treatment and their effect upon long‐term health. Although some of the acute oral toxicities of cancer therapies may be reduced, they remain essentially unavoidable. The significant impact of long‐term complications requires increased awareness and recognition to promote prevention and appropriate intervention. It is therefore important for the primary oncologist to be aware of these complications so that appropriate measures can be implemented in a timely manner. Prevention and management is best provided via multidisciplinary health care teams, which must be integrated and communicate effectively in order to provide the best patient care in a coordinated manner at the appropriate time. CA Cancer J Clin 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.     

Endocrine sequelae of cancer and cancer treatments

Introduction Exposure to cancer and its treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, may result in late adverse effects including endocrine dysfunction. Endocrine disorders are the most commonly reported long-term complications of cancer treatment, especially by adult survivors of childhood cancers. This review will explore the endocrinologic adverse effects from non-endocrine cancer therapies. Methods Searches including various Internet-based medical search engines such as PubMed, Medline Plus, and Google Scholar were conducted for published articles. Results One hundred sixty-nine journal articles met the inclusion criteria. They included case reports, systematic analyses, and cohort reports. Endocrine disorders including hypothalamus dysfunction, hypopituitarism, syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion, diabetes insipidus, growth hormone disorders, hyperprolactinemia, gonadotropin deficiency, serum thyroid hormone-binding protein abnormalities, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypomagnesium, hypocalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, adrenal dysfunction, gonadal dysfunction, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and glycosuria were identified and their association with cancer therapies were outlined. Discussion/conclusions The journal articles have highlighted the association of cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with endocrine dysfunction. Some of the dysfunctions were more often experienced than others. Especially in patients treated with radiotherapy, some endocrinologic disorders were progressive in nature. Implications for cancer survivors Recognition and awareness of endocrine sequelae of cancer treatments may permit for early detection and appropriate follow-up care for cancer survivors, thus improving their overall health and quality of life.     

前列腺癌和乳腺癌的对比性研究

人体一些肿瘤的生长对某些激素有一定的依赖关系,激素阻断可抑制其生长,被称为激素相关性肿瘤,如甲状腺癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌及前列腺癌等.其中前列腺癌和乳腺癌为人群中发病率较高的两种恶性肿瘤,在很多方面均具有类似的特点.将二者在各方面进行对比性研究,有利于总结前列腺癌治疗方案,提高治疗效果.     

Family history of cancer among cancer patients

Family history of cancer was examined for 9,131 cancer patients who were reported to the Aichi Cancer Registry in 1979-1981, and were over 20 years old at diagnosis. The rate of patients whose parents and/or siblings had cancer of any site was 24.5%. The rate was 9.2% for father, 8.4% for mother, 6.0% for brother(s), and 5.2% for sister(s). A significant site concordance between study patient and family member with cancer was observed for cancer of the breast, colon and rectum, and stomach. The rate of family history of breast cancer patients was 3.3 times higher than the corresponding rate for other cancer patients (3.1% vs 0.9%). Similarly, the ratio was 2.2 in colon and rectum cancer (4.2% vs 1.9%), and 1.6 in stomach cancer (16.5% vs 10.1%). An increased risk of cancer was observed when both brother and sister had cancer. This may suggest an important role of environmental exposure at an early age, as well as genetic factors, in the development of cancer. The age distribution curve of the colon and rectum cancer patients who had a family history of the same cancer was found to be bimodal with the larger peak in the 40s and the smaller peak in the 70s. This may suggest a differential contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the development of colon and rectum cancer.     

Notification of cancer in breast cancer patients

The notification of the name of disease is a premise for making the system of informed consent more complete in case of cancer treatment. In Japan, however, the notification of cancer can hardly be said to have an attained social consensus. Considering that the notification can ultimately improve patients quality of life (QOL), the breast cancer group of our department informs all breast cancer patients of their diseases in principle. This paper reports and discusses the results of a survey by questionnaire on the notification of cancer in 100 patients with breast cancer. The notification of cancer was received favorably in 83% of the patients. For those who answered, the explanation on the notification was convincing and it accounted for 81%. An examination of background factors of patients who had not been convinced revealed that many of them were suffered from advanced cancer. After the notification, a human relationship with the family and friends aggravated few of them and improved in 30% (family) and 18% (friends), respectively. The notification of cancer was thus suggested to contribute to the improvement of QOL. Although 83% well received the notification of their own diseases, only 21% were affirmative for the notification of cancer in case of a member of the family. We medical professionals should make a further effort not to make the notification of cancer the pronouncement death but to make it an aid for patients to live better.     

Skeletal sequelae of cancer and cancer treatment

Introduction  Survivors of cancer may experience lingering adverse skeletal effects such as osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Skeletal disorders are often associated with advancing age, but these effects can be exacerbated by exposure to cancer and its treatment. This review will explore the cancer and cancer treatment-related causes of skeletal disorders. Methods  We performed a comprehensive search, using various Internet-based medical search engines such as PubMed, Medline Plus, Scopus, and Google Scholar, for published articles on the skeletal effects of cancer and cancer therapies. Results  One-hundred-forty-two publications, including journal articles, books, and book chapters, met the inclusion criteria. They included case reports, literature reviews, systematic analyses, and cohort reports. Skeletal effects resulting from cancer and cancer therapies, including hypogonadism, androgen deprivation therapy, estrogen suppression, glucocorticoids/corticosteroids, methotrexate, megestrol acetate, platinum compounds, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, interferon-alpha, valproic acid, cyclosporine, vitamin A, NSAIDS, estramustine, ifosfamide, radiotherapy, and combined chemotherapeutic regimens, were identified and described. Skeletal effects of hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, gastrectomy, hypophosphatemia, and hyperprolactinemia resulting from cancer therapies were also described. Discussion/Conclusions  The publications researched during this review both highlight and emphasize the association between cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and skeletal dysfunction. Implications for cancer survivors  These studies confirm that cancer survivors experience a more rapid acceleration of bone loss than their age-matched peers who were never diagnosed with cancer. Further studies are needed to better address the skeletal needs of cancer survivors.     

Malignant transformation of thyroid cancer; poorly differentiated cancer and anaplastic cancer transformation

The prognosis of thyroid cancer depends largely on histological differentiation and clinical stage. The prognosis in anaplastic cancer is worst, in well differentiated cancer it is best; poorly differentiated cancer takes a middle position. The prognosis of patients with differentiated cancer is generally good, however, there are cases with malignant transformation such as poorly differentiated, anaplastic and squamous-cell cancer transformation. We studied the frequency and the inducement factors of malignant transformation in patients with thyroid cancer. The frequency of poorly differentiated, anaplastic and squamous-cell cancer transformation was 13.6%, 6.4% and 0.7%, respectively. In anaplastic cancer transformation, irradiation is an important factor.