干预映射在癌症健康管理中的应用进展

干预映射作为一种基于理论和证据的程序，为健康管理策略的构建提供了科学的框架。从干预映射的定义、步骤及其在癌症领域中的应用效果、优势、不足及展望进行综述，以期为干预映射更广泛地指导癌症健康管理提供参考。     

引导自助干预在慢性病管理中的应用进展

介绍引导自助干预的概念、分类、内容形式及优点,系统综述引导自助干预在癌症、慢性疼痛、糖尿病及抑郁症等慢性病患者管理中的应用进展,并提出研究展望,旨在为临床慢性病患者引导自助干预治疗提供参考。     

危机管理在临床护理管理中的应用现状

阐述了危机管理的内涵、基本模式及护理危机管理的基本原则，分析诱发护理危机的因素，并对护理危机管理的对策如树立正确的危机意识、加强危机的预警意识、培养高素质的危机管理人员和危机发生时的应对措施等方面进行综述，以提高护理管理质量，为患者提供安全、有序、优质的护理服务。     

信息化技术在手术室管理中的应用进展

手术室管理信息化技术主要包括护理管理信息系统和临床护理信息系统,现已用于手术患者安全管理,手术室用物及仪器设备管理,护士管理及手术间调度。提出健全手术室大数据平台,利用人工智能深度挖掘数据,建立信息防护系统,培养综合型人才等,以进一步完善智能信息化手术室,为患者提供高水准的手术护理服务。     

肺癌患者症状群管理研究进展

对国内外肺癌症状群及其管理相关研究进行回顾,阐述症状群概念、症状管理理论、肺癌患者症状测评工具、肺癌患者的症 状群。提出肺癌患者症状群管理策略及护士在肺癌症状群管理中的重要作用,旨在为肺癌症状群管理研究及临床护理实践提供 参考。     

危机管理在临床护理管理中的应用现状

阐述了危机管理的内涵、基本模式及护理危机管理的基本原则,分析诱发护理危机的因素,并对护理危机管理的对策如树立正确的危机意识、加强危机的预警意识、培养高素质的危机管理人员和危机发生时的应对措施等方面进行综述,以提高护理管理质量,为患者提供安全、有序、优质的护理服务.     

自我超越理论在慢性病患者护理中的应用进展

介绍了自我超越理论的起源、理论假说、概念、评估工具;总结影响慢性病患者自我超越的因素、对患者健康结局的影响及干预措施,旨在为我国护理工作者提高慢性病患者的自我超越水平提供参考。     

艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者的症状管理

就艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者症状管理的意义，实施相关理论、方法与注意事项进行综述。提出高效抗逆转录病毒疗法可有效延缓艾滋病患者疾病进程，但是每种抗逆转录病毒药物都具有短期或长期不良反应，各种不适症状的出现会降低患者服药依从性，影响患者生活质量。而有效的症状管理能帮助患者积极应对各种不适反应，提高服药依从性，改善生活质量。     

无痛护理在PICC置管患者中的应用进展

介绍PICC置管中无痛护理技术的应用进展,阐述了无痛护理在PICC置管中的意义、PICC置管全程引起疼痛的相关因素,提出无痛护理主要护理干预措施包括合理选择穿刺工具及方法、进针方法的改良、局麻技术的应用、心理干预等。     

阶梯护理模式在精神障碍患者心理干预中的应用进展

综述了阶梯护理模式的概念、实施步骤、应用现状和应用效果,其实施步骤主要包括临床观察、指导性自助、面对面课程、心理-药物联合治疗。提出阶梯护理模式的应用可控制疾病和改善症状,减轻医疗负担,改善社会功能。     

老年痴呆症状管理评估与应用研究进展位

归纳了老年痴呆症状管理的相关研究热点,指出老年痴呆症状管理相关理论、评估工具以及应用等方面的研究进展。分别 介绍了评估工具的使用方法、适用人群、信效度,讨论了各评估工具的优缺点。在此基础上,对老年痴呆症状管理的识别、评估以 及干预进行了展望。     

Orthotic approach to prevention and management of diabetic foot: A narrative review

Diabetic foot is a common complication affecting more than one-fifth of patients with diabetes. If not treated in time, it may lead to diabetic foot ulcers or Charcot arthropathy. For the management of diabetic foot, shoe modifications and orthoses can be used to reduce pressure on the affected foot or provide the foot with increased stability. In addition, the shoe modifications and orthotic devices can relieve patient discomfort during walking. Appropriate shoe modifications include changing the insole material, modifying the heel height, adding a steel shank or rocker sole, and using in-depth shoes. Alternatively, a walking brace or ankle-foot orthosis can be used to reduce the pressure on the affected foot. The purpose of this narrative review was to provide a reference guide to support clinicians in prescribing shoe modifications and foot orthoses to treat diabetic foot ulcers and Charcot arthropathy.     

Operative versus non-operative management of primary patellar dislocation: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

BackgroundAcute patellar dislocation is a common knee injury in adolescents and adults that is associated with a high incidence of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) injuries. The aim of this network meta‐analysis was to compare the different operative and non-operative protocols for the management of primary patellar dislocation (PPD).MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL databases. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared operative and non-operative protocols for adolescent or adult patients with acute traumatic PPD. We sought to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of each management protocol by considering the results of Kujala score, Tegner activity score, redislocation rate, and subluxation rate. The effectiveness of the different management protocols was measured through frequentist network meta-analysis, using the Netmeta statistical package in R software. All treatment protocols were ranked using the netrank function, yielding P scores.ResultsA total of 10 RCTs were deemed eligible. As per P-scores, open MPFL repair yielded the highest effectiveness with respect to Kujala score (P=0.81) and lowest odds for redislocation (P=0.14) whereas arthroscopic MPFL repair yielded the highest effectiveness with respect to Tegner activity score (P=0.85) and lowest odds for subluxation (P=0.21). Arthroscopic MPFL repair showed a significant reduction in redislocation and subluxation rate.ConclusionThis network meta-analysis demonstrated arthroscopic MPFL repair is the most effective treatment protocol for the management of acute primary patellar dislocation.     

Manual therapy as a management approach for gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review

IntroductionGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition resulting from a retrograde flow of part of the gastroduodenal contents into the esophagus. Generally, this reflux is linked to a malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter. Studies involving manipulative therapies suggested an important role in the coadjuvant treatment for reflux, acting as a form of prevention and treatment.Objectiveto carry out a systematic review of the literature regarding the treatment by means of manual techniques for GERD, aiming to evaluate the methodological quality employed in the studies, summarize the findings, analyze the effectiveness of the intervention and possible recommendation for clinical practice and/or indicate the need for further research.MethodologyThe study is characterized as a systematic review, with research conducted in the English and Portuguese languages, in the databases Bireme, Lilacs, PubMed, PEDro, Scielo, Cochrane and Google Scholar. We exctracted the manual therapy techniques used in the selected studies, and the reporting of the effectiveness of these interventions. The PRISMA reporting guidance was used to structure the review and the PEDro scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies.ResultsA total of 6 clinical trials were found and included a total of 218 people analyzed by objective and subjective measures in the pre- and post-intervention phases. Regarding methodological quality, 3 studies had scores higher than 7, i.e. high quality, while one had a score of 4, and 2 had a score of 3, denoting low internal validity. The observed results show positive clinical effects for visceral manual therapy in the gastroesophageal reflux in adults.ConclusionThe research suggests the presence of favorable results with the use of manual techniques for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux, seen in studies with high methodological quality, however, due to the small number, and other studies with a low score assigned by the PEDro scale, caution should be adopted and there is the need for further experimental studies.     

A review of the current status of endoluminal therapy as a primary approach to obesity management

Gastroenterologists are expected to play a pivotal role in the management of the global obesity epidemic in coming years as novel endoscopic approaches become more widely available, safe, and effective. This review focuses on the recent advances in the field of endoluminal therapy as a primary approach to obesity management with the aim of providing the interventional endoscopist an overview of currently available evidence along with an insight into upcoming devices and techniques. The intragastric balloon appears to be safe and effective in the short term, especially as a bridge to bariatric surgery. Although early trials support the safety and feasibility of endoscopic gastroplasty, it is technically demanding and staple-line dehiscence continues to be a problem. Moreover, with ongoing technical innovations, most devices that have been used in published trials are no longer manufactured and results of studies using newer endoscopic suturing systems are currently awaited. The duodenojejunal bypass sleeve mimics the physiology of intestinal bypass and shares the metabolic advantages of intestinal diversion. A high rate of premature device withdrawal has been its major limiting factor. Therapeutic endoscopy may be the next paradigm of bariatric care. Combining restrictive and barrier endoscopic techniques can potentially improve efficacy and should be evaluated in the setting of appropriate clinical trials.     

Use of cannabis in urological cancer patients: A review to evaluate risk for cancer development,therapeutic use,and symptom management

IntroductionRecent recreational legalization of cannabis has resulted in an increased interest in the therapeutic effects of cannabis use in cancer patients, with reports of its use in symptom management and as a risk factor for cancer development. The objective of this review was to evaluate the literature on the association of cannabis use with the risk of cancer development, symptom management, and therapeutic management in the urological cancer (UC) patient population.MethodsA systematic search of databases and trial registries for papers published from January 1947 to March 2020 on cannabis, symptom and therapeutic management, and cancer development in UC patients was conducted. After screening of full-text articles, data were extracted for evaluation. Studies were eligible if they were in the clinical setting, included ≥5 UC patients, reported use of any cannabis variant, and were written in English.ResultsThe search retrieved 2456 abstracts, of which 48 full-text articles were reviewed and 21 included in the review. Low-level evidence suggested a correlation between cannabis use and risk for development of testicular cancer. Some support existed for using cannabis for cancer pain and chemotherapy-induced nausea. There was inadequate evidence to substantiate cannabis use as a therapeutic agent for management of UCs. A lack of high-level evidence and robust methodology of the studies limited evaluation of the findings.ConclusionsGiven the paucity of data on cannabis use for therapeutic purposes in UC, large, prospective trials with adequate followup times to observe the effect of cannabis use on UCs are warranted to improve the evidence base.     

灾害相关伤口护理研究现状

阐述了灾害相关伤口的临床特点,包括伤情复杂、感染问题严重,其发生和演变与灾后时间密切相关;处置的基本步骤可分为现场初步评估和急救、二次评估和处置、持续评估和记录等环节。提出灾害相关伤口护理缺乏专门的组织设定,护理策略不清晰,对实施者的能力要求不够明确,且培训不足。应进一步确定救灾人员的伤口护理能力,加强与灾害有关的伤口护理能力的培训和研究,加快完善与灾害有关的伤口护理组织管理体系的建设。