癌症患者失志综合征现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解癌症患者失志综合征发生现状及影响因素,为癌症患者失志综合征的干预提供参考.方法 选取250例癌症患者为研究对象,采用中文版失志量表-Ⅱ及埃德蒙顿症状评估量表进行调查.结果 癌症患者失志综合征得分为10.0(7.0,12.0)分,中度、重度失志综合征发生率分别为47.20％、4.00％.多元线性回归分析结果显示,性别、受教育程度、月均收入、疼痛、疲乏、抑郁、焦虑、幸福感下降是癌症患者失志综合征的主要影响因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 癌症患者失志的发生率较高.临床医务人员应针对失志综合征的影响因素,制订合适的干预措施,降低癌症患者失志水平,提高其生活质量.     

乳腺癌患者经验性回避在医疗社会支持与失志综合征间的中介作用

目的 探讨乳腺癌患者经验性回避在医疗社会支持与失志综合征间的中介作用,为制订针对性的措施降低患者失志综合征水平提供参考。 方法 采用一般资料调查表、失志量表、接纳与行动问卷、医疗社会支持量表对364例乳腺癌患者进行调查。 结果 乳腺癌患者失志量表得分（32.04±12.10）分,经验性回避得分（23.05±8.21）分,医疗社会支持得分（65.05±14.88）分;乳腺癌患者失志量表总分及各维度评分与医疗社会支持量表总分及各维度评分呈负相关,与接纳与行动问卷评分呈正相关,医疗社会支持与接纳与行动问卷评分呈负相关（均P＜0.05）。Bootstrap分析显示,乳腺癌患者医疗社会支持对失志综合征的总效应为-0.570,直接效应为-0.339,间接效应为-0.231（均P＜0.05）,中介效应占总效应值的40.5%。 结论 乳腺癌患者经验性回避在医疗社会支持与失志综合征间起部分中介作用,医护人员应为患者提供全面支持,提高其自我接纳水平,进而降低其失志水平。     

乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿危险因素的临床观察

目的：调查乳腺癌术后淋巴水肿患者的发生情况,分析其危险因素,为临床工作提供参考。方法回顾分析本院近10年接受乳腺癌根治术并行淋巴清扫的患者513例,通过多因素相关分析,探讨年龄、体重指数、肿瘤大小、淋巴结病理分期、临床分期、前哨淋巴结情况、腋窝淋巴结清扫数量、腋窝淋巴结清扫范围、放疗与否、化疗与否、术后愈合情况及并发症等因素与淋巴水肿的发生关系。结果513例患者中发生淋巴水肿102例,其中轻度水肿占51.96%（53例）,中度水肿占40.20%（41例）,重度水肿占7.84%（8例）;通过Logistic多因素逐步回归分析对所收集的12个可能相关因素进行研究,笔者发现年龄、体重指数、放疗与否、腋窝淋巴结清扫范围和术后愈合情况及并发症等5因素与淋巴水肿的发生密切相关（P＜0.05）。结论乳腺癌根治并淋巴结清扫的乳腺癌术后患者发生上肢淋巴水肿的危险因素主要有：年龄、体重指数、放疗、腋窝淋巴结清扫范围、术后愈合情况及并发症。     

乳腺癌患者术后早期上肢淋巴水肿的发生率及影响因素分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌患者术后上肢淋巴水肿发生率、淋巴水肿分期以及相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2019年9月1日至2019年12月31日期间128例接受腋窝淋巴结清扫术的乳腺癌患者资料。患者均为女性,年龄29～81岁（平均49.0±6.8岁）。术后6个月、12个月、24个月及36个月时随访,采用诺曼问卷和臂围测量,从主观和客观两个角度评估乳腺癌患者术后上肢淋巴水肿情况及淋巴水肿治疗情况。采用Logistic二元回归模型分析乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿的影响因素。结果 乳腺癌术后6个月、12个月、24个月和36个月的上肢淋巴水肿比例分别为9.4%(12/128)、25.0%(32/128)、23.4%(30/128)、23.4%(30/128),诺曼问卷得出的结果为12.5%、26.6%、25.0%、25.0%。128例患者中,最终30例诊断为乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿,其中,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期淋巴水肿的发生比例分别为15.6%、6.3%和1.6%。体重指数（BMI）、放疗、淋巴结阳性数目及手术方式在淋巴水肿及对照组中存在差异。乳腺癌术后的CDT治疗及淋巴外科手术均对淋巴水肿有积极的治疗效果。结论 乳腺癌术...     

癌症患者失志综合征的研究进展

对失志综合征的概念、诊断标准、测量工具以及癌症患者失志水平现状、影响因素及干预措施进行系统综述,旨在提高国内癌症照护者及护理人员对失志综合征的认知,为癌症患者失志综合征的临床干预提供参考。     

乳腺癌病人上肢淋巴水肿的多因素分析

目的:研究可以手术的乳腺癌病人治疗后,患侧上肢淋巴水肿的发生率及危险因素。方法:回顾性分析408例乳腺癌病人术后患侧上肢淋巴水肿的发生情况,对其潜在危险因素,包括年龄、体质量指数、肿块大小、淋巴结转移情况、腋窝处理方式、乳腺处理方式、有无合用放疗和(或)化疗,进行了多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:408例乳腺癌病人术后的患侧上肢淋巴水肿发生率为24.0%。多因素分析结果表明,相对于体质量指数<25,体质量指数≥25的OR值(相对危险度)为2.492,95%CI(可信区间)为1.445～4.299;相对腋窝无操作者,腋窝淋巴结清扫的OR值为4.929,95%CI为1.451～16.741;相对于无放疗者,放疗的OR值为2.266,95%CI为1.321～3.889。结论:患侧上肢淋巴水肿是乳腺癌治疗后常见的并发症,体质量指数、腋窝处理方式及放疗是其发生的危险因素。     

结直肠癌术后患者失志症候群及影响因素分析

目的了解结直肠癌术后患者失志现状,分析其影响因素,为针对性干预提供参考。方法采用一般资料调查表、失志量表、社会支持量表及医学应对量表对212例直肠癌术后患者进行问卷调查。结果患者失志症候群得分为32.50±14.18;患者失志症候群得分与面对应对、社会支持呈负相关(均P0.01);患者术后时长、疾病分期、造口、面对应对及社会支持情况是失志症候群的主要影响因素(调整R~2=0.510)。结论结直肠癌术后患者失志症候群较严重,应采取针对性干预措施降低患者的失志症状,促进其身心健康。     

乳腺癌相关淋巴水肿的危险因素及治疗进展

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,近年来,乳腺癌发病率的增长速度仅次于肺部恶性肿瘤,并且呈现逐渐年轻化的趋势,得益于治疗技术的发展及人们对于乳腺检查的重视、自身健康意识的提高,患者通常能得到及时治疗,但如何避免或治疗乳腺癌相关并发症仍未得到足够重视.淋巴水肿是乳腺癌治疗后最常见的并发症,一旦出现则很难治愈,会长期影响患者的...     

Prognostic factors in elderly patients with breast cancer

Background

Breast cancer (BC) remains principally a disease of old ages; with 35-50% of cases occurring in women older than 65 years. Even mortality for cancer increases with aging: 19.7% between 65 and 74 years; 22.6% between 75 and 84 years; and 15.1% in 85 years or more.The study was aimed to investigate specific predictive factors for elderly patients so to select the best way to treat and follow these patients.

Methods

A search was performed on Medline, Embase, Scopus using the following Key words: Breast cancer, Breast neoplasms, Aged, Elder, Elderly, Eldest, Older, Survival analysis, Prognosis, Prognostic factors, Tumor markers, Biomarkers, Comorbidity, Geriatric assessment, Axilla, Axillary surgery. 3029 studies have been retrieved. Paper in which overall or disease free survival were not end points, or age class was not well defined, or the sample was too small, were excluded. At last 42 papers fulfilled the criteria.

Results and discussion

Lack of screening and delay in diagnosis may be responsible for the minor improvement in survival observed in elderly respect to younger breast cancer patients. Predictive factors are the same and must be assessed with the same attention reserved to younger women.

Conclusions

Most of elderly patient are fit to undergo standard treatment and can get the same benefits of younger women. Nevertheless it is possible that some older women with early breast cancer can be spared too aggressive treatments. Geriatric assessment and co-morbidities can affect the prognosis modifying surveillance, life expectancy and compliance to therapies. They can thus be useful to select the better treatment, either surgical or radio or hormone - or chemo-therapy.

     

Influencing factors of hungry bone syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis patients after parathyroidectomy

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of hungry bone syndrome (HBS) in maintenance hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) after parathyroidectomy (PTX). Methods A retrospective study was conducted on maintenance hemodialysis patients with SHPT undergoing successful parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation. Clinical data and perioperative indicators of the selected patients were collected. The enrolled patients were divided into HBS group and non-HBS group based on whether the lowest level of blood calcium less than 2.0 mmol/L after surgery. The difference of general clinical data and perioperative indicators between the two groups were compared. The risk factors of HBS were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Multiple linear regression method was used to analyze the independent factors affecting the maintenance time of intravenous calcium supplementation, the total amount of calcium supplementation during intravenous calcium supplementation and the highest serum level of potassium within 24 h after surgery. Results A total of 306 patients were included in the study. All patients had low levels of serum calcium after operation. There were 230 patients (75.16%) with the lowest blood calcium＜2.00 mmol/L after PTX (HBS group), and 76(24.84%) cases in the non-HBS group. Predialysis coefficient of serum calcium=(preoperative blood calcium-2.20) mmol/L÷0.01 mmol/L. Logistic regression analysis showed that higher predialysis coefficient of serum calcium (B=-0.063, OR=0.939, 95%CI 0.894-0.987, P=0.013) and lower level of preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (B=0.035, OR=1.033, 95%CI 1.019-1.050, P＜0.001) were independent risk factors for HBS. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that preoperative blood intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (B=0.017, P＜0.001 and B=0.041, P＜0.001), preoperative serum ALP (B=0.052, P＜0.001 and B=0.107, P＜0.001) and preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) (B=-0.453, P=0.041 and B=-1.058, P=0.007) were independent factors affecting the maintenance time of intravenous calcium supplementation and the total amount of calcium supplementation in HBS patients. Preoperative predialysis level of serum potassium (B=0.859, P＜0.001) was the independent influencing factor of the maximum level of serum potassium within 24 hours after surgery. Conclusions Patients with lower levels of preoperative serum calcium and higher levels of serum ALP are prone to HBS after PTX. Postoperative calcium supplementation may need to be strengthened in HBS patients with higher preoperative iPTH and ALP levels and lower preoperative Hb levels. High preoperative basal potassium levels may increase the risk of hyperkalemia after PTX.     

乳腺癌患者术后预后相关因素分析

目的探讨影响乳腺癌患者术后预后的相关因素。方法对101例乳腺癌患者,进行回顾性研究。本组病例采用Log—rank单因素分析和COX多因素模型的分析方法分析乳腺癌预后的相关指标。结果Log-rank单因素分析结果提示肿瘤大小（直径〉5em）、病理分级、淋巴结转移、HER-2／neu和CD44五个因素是乳腺癌的预后因素（P均〈0．05）,ER和PR不能作为乳腺癌的预后指标;进一步采用COX多因素分析结果提示,仅有HER-2／neu、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移和病理分级是乳腺癌预后的独立预测指标。结论肿瘤大小、病理分级、淋巴结转移、HER-2／neu是临床判断乳腺癌预后有价值的指标。     

乳腺癌化疗患者PICC相关性静脉血栓危险因素分析

目的分析乳腺癌化疗患者PICC相关性静脉血栓的危险因素和预防对策。方法回顾性分析福建医科大学附属协和医院2014-01—2015-06间携带PICC化疗的780例乳腺癌患者临床资料,观察导管相关性血栓发生率,并分析发生静脉血栓的相关因素。结果 780例乳腺癌患者发生PICC相关静脉血栓36例(4.62%)。PICC留置时间60~136 d,中位时间92 d。发现血栓时间在置管后7 d内3例(8.33%),7~30 d 18例(50%),30~92 d 12例(33.3%),≥92 d 3例(8.33%)。贵要静脉穿刺发生静脉血栓25例(3.68%),肘正中静脉和头静脉穿刺发生血栓11例(10.78%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。血栓与患者年龄、穿刺肢体、血小板总数、化疗药物无关(P0.05)。结论穿刺血管是乳腺癌化疗PICC相关血栓的主要影响因子,穿刺血管首选贵要静脉。导管留置时间延长,并不增加血栓形成的风险。     

乳腺癌患者自我同情状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解乳腺癌患者自我同情现状,分析其影响因素,为医护人员采取针对性措施提高乳腺癌患者自我同情水平提供参考。方法 运用方便抽样方法选取在山东省4所三级甲等医院乳腺科病房及门诊的265例乳腺癌患者为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、自我同情量表、亲密关系经历量表简版、领悟社会支持量表进行调查。结果 乳腺癌患者自我同情总得分为(79.33±12.40)分;自我同情总分与依恋焦虑、依恋回避得分呈负相关,而与社会支持总分及各维度得分呈正相关(均P<0.05)。多重线性逐步回归分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、病理分期、依恋焦虑、社会支持是自我同情的预测因素(均P<0.05),共同解释变异量的50.8%。结论 乳腺癌患者自我同情处于一般水平。医护人员应对乳腺癌患者实施针对性干预,以提高其自我同情水平,增强患者的积极心理力量。