非体外冠脉搭桥手术中急性二尖瓣返流机制探讨

目的探讨非体外循环下冠脉搭桥(OPCAB)手术中二尖瓣返流机制.方法随机选取100例OPCAB病人,其中冠脉阻断后发生急性二尖瓣返流(MR组)16例,未发生急性二尖瓣返流(NMR组)84例,经SWAN-GANZ导管监测CCI、SVO2、PCWP、PAP、CVP等血流动力学指标.结果当前降支阻断5、10 min时,PCWP 在MR组分别为 (23.47±5.11)mmHg和(24.00±5.71)mmHg,NMR组为(19.30±5.19)mmHg和(19.25±5.18)mmHg; PAP在MR组为(29.13±5.71)mmHg和(28.57±6.19)mmHg,NMR组为(24.71±5.10)mmHg和(24.19±5.12)mmHg;两组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.001).其它冠脉阻断时各项指标无明显变化.结论 OPCAB术中阻断前降支可能导致急性二尖瓣返流.     

经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术治疗风心病二尖瓣狭窄并中度返流的临床研究

目的　探讨评价二尖瓣狭窄 (MS)并中度返流 (MR)患者经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术 (PBMV)近、远期疗效。方法　采用简化改良 lnoue法对 2 5例风心病二尖瓣狭窄并中度返流者行 PBMV治疗 ,并进行术后随访 ,包括临床症状、心尖部舒张期杂音、心功能、超声心动图检测二尖瓣口面积判断近、远期疗效。结果　超声心动图 (UCG)二尖瓣瓣膜评分≤ 8分 ,PBMV术后二尖瓣瓣口面积由 0 .83± 0 .2 1cm2 增至 1.98± 0 .2 6 cm2 (P<0 .0 1) ;心功能由 2 .80± 0 .2 4级增至1.5 0± 0 .4 0级 (P<0 .0 1)。 UCG二尖瓣瓣膜评分 >8分 ,PBMV术后二尖瓣瓣口面积由 0 .80± 0 .2 2 cm2 增至 1.98±0 .2 6 cm2 (P<0 .0 1) ;心功能由 2 .82± 0 .2 4级增至 2 .30± 0 .4 0级 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　风心病二尖瓣狭窄并中度返流、瓣膜条件好者 ,PBMV近、远期疗效满意 ,未见严重并发症。     

二尖瓣狭窄伴轻度反流患者经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术及远期疗效观察

目的:探讨伴轻度反流(MR)的二尖瓣狭窄(MS)患者经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)术后及长期疗效。方法:采用改良Inoue方法,自 1993年 5月~2001年 12月对MS合并轻度MR的 41例患者行PBMV治疗,并进行超声心动图和临床心功能评价。结果:二尖瓣口面积(MVA)由 (1. 15±0. 25)cm2增至 (1. 88±0. 32)cm2 (P<0. 001);二尖瓣跨瓣压差(MVG)由(19. 3±5. 2)mmHg降至(7. 6±3. 2)mmHg(P<0. 001 );左心房内径(LAD)由 (4. 78±0. 63)cm减小到(4. 21±0. 48)cm (P<0. 001 );心功能由(2. 56±0. 50)级改善至 (1. 54±0. 60)级 (P<0. 001) ; 左室内径(LVD)无明显变化(P>0. 05 ), 22例二尖瓣反流减轻或消失, 15例二尖瓣反流维持不变, 4例二尖瓣反流加重,无患者行急诊或择期二尖瓣置换术。41例患者随访时间 9 ~112个月,平均 ( 90±24 )个月,MVA、MVG、MLAP、LAD、LVD和心功能与术后比较,均无明显变化(P>0. 05) , 1例于术后 15个月时死亡, 4例再狭窄,再狭窄率为 9. 76%。结论:选择好病例,把握球囊扩张尺度,风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄伴轻度反流患者PBMV近、远期疗效好。     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动患者经皮穿刺二尖瓣球囊成形术治疗

目的 :为研究二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动患者经皮穿刺二尖瓣球囊成形术治疗的疗效和安全性。方法 :对 330例病人施行PBMV。男 1 0 4例 ,女 2 2 6例 ,年龄 1 5～ 86岁 ,平均 (40 .3± 1 0 .2 )岁。 2 1 2例为窦性心律 (窦性心律组 )。 1 1 8例为二尖瓣狭窄心房颤动 (心房颤动组 ) :心房颤动病程 1～ 1 2 0 (1 6 .1± 1 8.3)月。二尖瓣狭窄心房颤动病人术后行复律治疗。结果 :330例病人中 32 7例完成手术并达到扩瓣终点 (99.1 % )。PBMV成功者 ,左房平均压从 (2 5 .4± 9.3)mmHg下降到 (1 0 .1± 3 .8)mmHg,肺动脉平均压从 (41 .7± 1 7.4)mmHg下降到 (2 5 .9± 1 3 .2 )mmHg。二尖瓣口面积从 (0 .95± 0 .2 7)cm2 增加到 (1 .82± 0 .2 4 )cm2 ,左房前后径从 (4.94± 0 .61 )cm缩短到 (4.2 8± 0 .53)cm。窦性心律组与心房颤动组PBMV成功率无明显差异 (99.5 %VS98 3 % ,P >0 .0 5)。心房颤动组瓣口面积增加 (0 .77± 0 .2 2 )cm2 ,略小于窦性心律组 (0 .89± 0 .2 4 )cm2 ,P <0 .0 5 ;左房前后径缩短 (0 .64± 0 .61 )cm ,较窦性心律组 (0 .71± 0 .50 )cm缩短程度略小 ,P <0 .0 5 ,而且最终左房前后径明显大于窦性心律组 ;左房平均压降低 (1 2 .2± 4 .4)mmHg,其下降程度也小于窦性心律组 (1 6 .9± 4 .8)mmH     

心脏跳动下二尖瓣直视成形术

二尖瓣直视成形术传统方法多是采取心脏停跳下阻断升主动脉 ,往左心室内加压灌水 ,观察二尖瓣是否返流 ,还可通过在心脏复跳后经食管超声观察二尖瓣闭合情况。我院1998- 2 0 0 1年采用心脏跳动下半阻断升主动脉进行二尖瓣成形术 ,手术简捷方便 ,效果良好 ,报道如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　本组病例 8例 ,男性 5例 ,女性 3例 ,年龄2 8.7± 2 .0岁 (0 .5～ 4 7岁 )。部分型心内膜垫缺损 2例 ,均是原发孔房间隔缺损 (ASD)合并 °二尖瓣大瓣裂 ,其中 1例合并三尖瓣隔瓣发育不良 ;单纯二尖瓣脱垂 3例 ,其中后瓣脱垂 2例 ,前瓣脱垂 1例 ;…     

急性脑梗死患者外周血白细胞褪黑素受体昼夜节律的变化

目的 :探讨急性脑梗死时褪黑素受体 (MR)结合容量的变化及 MR昼夜节律的改变。 方法 :选择正常老年人 15名[年龄 (6 8.33± 7.76岁 ) ]作为对照组 ,急性脑梗死患者 17例 [年龄 (70 .18± 11.70 )岁 ],采用放射配体结合法测定 12 :0 0 (光中期 )和 2 4:0 0 (暗中期 )外周血白细胞 MR的结合容量 ,比较两组 MR的结合容量及昼夜节律变化。 结果 :Scatchard分析和一点法分析均显示 ,急性脑梗死组光中期 MR结合容量明显低于对照组 ,分别为 (0 .14± 0 .0 5 ) fmol/ 10 6 和 (0 .2 3± 0 .0 3)fm ol/ 10 6 ,及 (0 .0 95± 0 .0 41) fm ol/ 10 6 和 (0 .16 0± 0 .0 49) fmol/ 10 6 ,两组差异非常显著 (P<0 .0 5和 P<0 .0 1) ;但两组 MR结合的亲和力无明显改变 (P>0 .0 5 )。对照组光中期的 MR结合容量明显高于暗中期 (P<0 .0 1) ,而急性脑梗死组光中期与暗中期比较无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。 结论 :急性脑梗死时 MR表达下降 ,MR昼夜节律发生紊乱     

普罗布考、复方丹参滴丸对冠脉内支架植入术后再狭窄的作用

目的 :研究单用或联合使用普罗布考和复方丹参滴丸对冠状动脉 (冠脉 )内支架植入术后再狭窄的作用。方法 :冠脉内支架植入术成功的冠心病患者随机分为对照组、复方丹参滴丸组、普罗布考组、联合组 (普罗布考 +复方丹参滴丸 ) ,疗程均为6个月。冠脉定量分析术前、术后和随访冠脉造影图像 ,评价普罗布考、复方丹参滴丸对术后支架内再狭窄的作用。结果 :术后6个月复查冠脉造影 :普罗布考组、联合组在支架内最小内径、管腔内径净获得、净获得指数、管腔面积获得方面分别为 (2 .11± 0 .39) mm、(0 .95± 0 .38) m m、(35± 13)、(2 .5 5± 1.2 2 ) mm2和 (2 .19± 0 .36 ) mm、(0 .98± 0 .39) m m、(36± 14 )、(2 .6 9±1.15 ) mm2 ,均大于对照组 [分别为 (1.85± 0 .4 4 ) mm、(0 .6 6± 0 .4 0 ) m m、(2 5± 15 )、(1.75± 1.12 ) m m2 ](P <0 .0 5 ) ,其中联合组与对照组相比 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;同时普罗布考组、联合组晚期内径丢失、晚期内径丢失指数分别为 (0 .5 6±0 .33) mm、(2 1± 11)和 (0 .5 0± 0 .31) mm、(19± 12 ) ,均小于对照组 [分别为 (0 .79± 0 .4 0 ) m m、(30± 14 ) ](P <0 .0 5或 P <0 .0 1)。结论 :普罗布考对冠脉内支架植入术后再狭窄有一定预防作用 ;与复方丹     

143例经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术疗效的评价

目的 :评价经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术 (PBMV)治疗后的疗效。方法 :采用改良Inoue方法 ,自 1 993年 5月至 2 0 0 1年 1 2月对 1 4 3例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者行PBMV治疗 ,并进行超声心动图和临床心功能评价。结果 :1 4 0患者成功地完成了PBMV ,3例失败 ,手术成功率为 97.9%。二尖瓣口面积 (MVA)由 1 .0 3± 0 .55cm2 增至 2 .0 3± 0 .37cm2 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,二尖瓣跨瓣压差 (MVG)由 1 8.1± 4 .8mmHg降至 4 .1± 2 .3mmHg(P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,左心房平均压 (MLAP)由 2 3 .1± 1 0 .1mmHg降至 1 0 .8± 9.2mmHg(P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,左心房内径 (LAD)由 4 .67± 1 .1 0cm减小至 4 .1 3± 0 .59cm(P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,左心室内径 (LVD)由 4 .54± 0 .32cm到 4 .58± 0 .2 8cm (P >0 .0 5) ,心功能级(NYHA)由 2 .69± 0 .74级改善至 1 .2 1± 0 .41级 (P <0 .0 0 1 )。结论 :PBMV术后临床疗效良好 ,是可以替代二尖瓣闭式分离的方法。     

二尖瓣球囊扩张术31例在基层医院的应用体会

目的　报告 31例经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术 (PBMV)在基层医院的应用体会。方法　采用Inove球囊导管扩张技术 ,用Ross法行房间隔穿刺 ,对 31例二尖瓣狭窄患者施行PBMV。结果　二尖瓣口面积由 1.0 6± 0 .19cm2 增至 1.98± 0 .35cm2 (P <0 .0 1) ,左房平均压由 2 2 .6± 11.2mmHg降至 13.8± 8.4mmHg(P <0 .0 1) ,左房内径由 4.5± 8cm减至 3.8±6cm(P >0 .0 5 )。术中 1例发生心包填塞 ,经心包穿刺抽血 1周后重新手术获得成功 ,2例发生中度二尖瓣关闭不全 ,1例术中出现一过性心动过缓 ,静注阿托品 1mg好转。结论　此项手术在基层医院开展初期 ,应严格掌握适应症 ,掌握好房间隔穿刺及球囊导管进入二尖瓣口技术 ,选择适当的球囊直径 ,是手术成功和防治并发症的关键     

梗死前心绞痛在急性心肌梗死中的临床意义

目的 :探讨梗死前心绞痛 (PAP)对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)病情的影响。方法 :对 77例 AMI病人按是否有梗死前心绞痛分为 PAP组和对照组 ,分析两组的心肌梗死范围、梗死后并发症等情况。结果 :PAP组和对照组肌酸激酶同工酶 (CK- MB)分别为 (5 4 .3± 2 8.5 ) U / L和 (10 4 .4± 5 4 .5 ) U / L (P <0 .0 5 ) ;心电图的 QRS积分分别为 (7.3± 3.5 )分和 (10 .4± 4 .1)分 (P <0 .0 1) ;住院期间严重心律失常的发生率为 15 .0 %和 37.8% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,左心衰竭发生率为 17.5 %和 4 0 .5 % (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :PAP在限制心肌梗死范围 ,改善左心功能和减少恶性心律失常等方面起预适应保护作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.