芦荟凝胶对大鼠多柔比星外渗性损伤的影响

背景与目的:芦荟对多种化疗药物外渗性损伤有良好的防护作用.本实验主要研究芦荟凝胶对大鼠多柔比星外渗性损伤的防治作用,初步探讨芦荟凝胶促进大鼠多柔比星外渗性损伤伤口愈合的机制.方法:建立SD大鼠多柔比星外渗性损伤动物模型,将30只SD大鼠采用自身对照法随机分组:对照组(生理盐水)、实验组(芦荟凝胶l g/L)和硫酸镁组(50%硫酸镁湿敷),测量各组大鼠外渗性损伤的面积,观察损伤程度;在治疗后第1、4、7、11、18天各组分别随机取2只大鼠,切除损伤组织,HE染色观察病理形态学改变.另取30只外渗性损伤模型大鼠随机分组,分组同上.于损伤后第5天切除外渗损伤部位的皮肤及皮下组织,间断缝合,术后第7天拆线,观察手术伤口I期愈合情况和愈合时间.用免疫组化法检测损伤部位的皮肤及皮下组织中的血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor.EGFR)的表达情况.结果:芦荟凝胶组和硫酸镁组的外渗性损伤面积及程度明显低于生理盐水组(P<0.01).对照组、芦荟凝胶组和硫酸镁组的手术伤口I期愈合率分别为20.0%、60.0%和66.7%.伤口愈合时间分别为(12.1±2.1)d、(9.6±1.6)d和(9.3±1.4)d,对照组与另外两组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).免疫组化检测结果显示,芦荟凝胶组与生理盐水组比较,VEGF、EGFR的表达呈现上调.结论:芦荟凝胶对大鼠多柔比星外渗性损伤有良好的防治作用,其促进伤口愈合的机制可能与组织中VEGF、EGFR的表达上调有关.     

芦荟凝胶促进多柔比星外渗性损伤修复及其机制的探讨

目的:初步探讨芦荟凝胶促进大鼠多柔比星外渗性损伤创面的愈合及其机制。方法:将45只多柔比星外渗性损伤模型大鼠随机分为生理盐水组(1mL/kg)、硫酸镁组(1mL/kg)和芦荟凝胶组(2.5g/kg),比较各组大鼠损伤程度及愈合率,ELISA方法检测各组大鼠在处理后1、4、7、11和18d损伤创面中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-8的含量。结果:处理后18d3组愈合率分别为(38.20±7.10)%、(63.76±17.24)%和(65.84±16.21)%,芦荟凝胶能有效减轻外渗性创面损伤程度,P<0.05。ELISA方法显示,处理后18d两组TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-8含量分别为(14.55±3.13)、(19.63±4.56)ng/L,(9.86±2.78)、(13.81±2.57)ng/L,(5.56±1.46)、(9.01±4.05)ng/L,芦荟凝胶组与生理盐水组比较,TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-8含量明显降低,P<0.05。结论:芦荟凝胶能够显著减轻大鼠多柔比星外渗性损伤创面的损伤程度,促进愈合,其作用机制可能与其降低TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-8的含量有关。     

几丁糖、透明质酸酶治疗多西紫杉醇外渗性大鼠皮肤损伤

背景与目的:多西紫杉醇外渗至周围组织可导致严重皮肤损伤,目前还没有公认的治疗指南.本研究旨在探讨单用或联合局部外涂几丁糖、注射透明质酸酶对多西紫杉醇大鼠外渗性皮肤损伤的疗效.方法:在30只SD大鼠双后肢建立多西紫杉醇血管外渗模型.随机分为6组,分别给局部外涂几丁糖、局部注射透明质酸酶、局部注射透明质酸酶联合外涂几丁糖、局部外涂生理盐水、局部注射生理盐水和不进行任何处理(模型对照组).观察各组大鼠外渗性皮肤损伤发生率、损伤程度和损伤愈合时间.结果:透明质酸酶组和透明质酸酶联合几丁糖组的损伤发生率分别为30%和20%,显著低于几丁糖组、生理盐水外涂组、生理盐水注射组和模型对照组的损伤发生率(90%、100%、90%、100%)(P＜0.05).透明质酸酶组和透明质酸酶联合几丁糖组的损伤愈合时间为(12.00±3.00)天和(9.50±2.12)天,显著短于其它4组(P＜0.01).几丁糖组的损伤愈合时间为(18.33±2.00)天,显著短于生理盐水外涂组[(23.70±2.41)]天和模型对照组[(25.70±2.26)天](P＜0.01).结论:透明质酸酶单独局部注射或联合几丁糖外涂均可减少多西紫杉醇外渗性损伤的发生,缩短损伤愈合时间.单用几丁糖外涂不能防止损伤的发生,却可促进损伤愈合.     

血小板生成素对多柔比星诱导大鼠心血管损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨血小板生成素(TPO)对大鼠多柔比星(ADM)心血管损伤的拮抗作用及其机制.方法: 32只Wistar大鼠被随机分成对照组、ADM组、ADM+TPOL组和ADM+TPOH组.对照组给予生理盐水,其余各组给予ADM 20 mg/kg腹腔内注射,2个TPO干预组则加用10或30 μg/kg的TPO(隔天1次,共3次).ELISA法测大鼠血清CK-MB及cTNI;电镜下观察心肌细胞超微结构;免疫组化染色观察心肌细胞及血管内皮细胞DNA氧化损伤产物8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)表达情况,计算累积光密度(IOD)及8-OHdG index.结果: TPO干预组大鼠一般状况改善,浆膜腔积液减少;TPO干预组CK-MB(14.65±1.91、14.21±1.70)和cTNI(9.66±1.31、10.07±1.20)的活力较ADM组(19.58±3.49、12.50±1.62)明显下降,P值分别为0.000、0.001及0.001、0.005;ADM组心肌细胞超微结构损害较TPO干预组严重;TPO干预组心血管病理改变减轻,IOD(11.59±3.86、12.63±3.36)和8-OHdG index(1.13±0.91、1.50±0.98)值分别较对应ADM组(23.39±7.83、4.98±2.65)明显降低,P值分别为0.009、0.009及0.022、0.023;上述指标在TPO干预组间差异无统计学意义,P>0.05.结论: TPO通过拮抗多柔比星心血管的氧化损伤来发挥心脏保护作用.     

CD105和CD34在胃癌微血管中的表达及与VEGF的关系

目的 探讨CD105与CD34在胃癌微血管中的表达及与血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial grouth factor,VEGF)表达的相关性.方法 采用CD105、CD34和VEGF通过免疫组化S-P法,对50例胃癌及10例正常胃组织进行标记,检测CD105及CD34的微血管密度(MVD)及其与VEGF表达的相关性.结果 进展期胃癌、早期胃癌中CD105抗体标记的MVD分别为26.49±7.26,13.07±3.13;CD34标记的MVD分别为53.32±23.05,18.35±13.46,VEGF阳性率分别为82.5%,53.33%.正常胃组织CD105、CD34标记的MVD分别为3.54±2.69,8.79±8.83,VEGF阳性率为20%.胃癌与正常胃组织之间各指标均有显著性差异(P＜0.01);在进展期胃癌中CD105和CD34有显著性差异(P＜0.05);与CD34比较,CD105标记的MVD在胃癌浸润深度中的表达有差异(P＜0.05),并在淋巴结有/无转移组中,显著性高于CD34标记的MVD(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).两者标记的MVD与VEGF表达均呈显著正相关(均P＜0.01).结论 CD105比通常用的总内皮标记物CD34更好,是一种更有特异性的肿瘤血管内皮标记,CD105和CD34标记的MVD与VEGF密切相关,为患者预后提供有价值的信息.     

恶性间皮瘤微血管CD105和CD34表达及其与VEGF关系的研究

目的:比较CD105与CD34在恶性间皮瘤组织中的表达,探讨微血管密度(MVD)与VEGF表达的关系,以寻求更特异的肿瘤血管标志。方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测40例恶性间皮瘤组织CD105与CD34标记的MVD,并检测血管内皮因子(VEGF),分析它们与恶性间皮瘤临床病理因素的关系。结果:CD105 MVD和CD34 MVD在恶性间皮瘤表达分别为18.75±3.26和32.17±4.12,差异有统计学意义,P<0.01;VEGF在不同组织类型的表达率分别为62.5%(上皮型)、70.0%(混合型)和66.7%(肉瘤型)。CD34 MVD与TNM分期无关,而CD105 MVD与TNM分期有关(P<0.01);CD105 MVD高表达组患者的生存时间明显缩短(P<0.01),VEGF表达组生存时间明显短于非表达组(P<0.05)。相关分析显示,CD34和CD105标记的MVD均与VEGF呈正相关,P<0.01。结论:与CD34相比较,CD105是一种更理想的肿瘤微血管标志;CD105 MVD与VEGF关系更为密切,为患者预后判断提供更有价值的信息。     

星形细胞瘤组织CD105和VEGF及TGF-β1表达与血管生成关系的研究

目的:探讨CD105和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)在星形细胞瘤组织中的表达及其与血管生成的关系,为星形细胞瘤的生物治疗提供依据。方法:免疫组化法检测正常脑组织、低(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)和高级别(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)星形细胞瘤组织及瘤旁组织中CD105和VEGF、TGF-β1蛋白表达。结果:星形细胞瘤组织中CD105标染的微血管密度(CD105-MVD)和VEGF、TGF-β1蛋白表达水平明显高于瘤旁组织和正常脑组织,P<0.01。高级星形细胞瘤CD105-MVD和VEGF、TGF-β1蛋白表达水平均高于低级。星形细胞瘤组织中VEGF高表达组及TGF-β1高表达组CD105-MVD显著高于低表达和阴性组(P<0.05),低表达组高于阴性表达组,P<0.05。TGF-β1与VEGF在星形细胞瘤中表达具有正相关性,P<0.01。结论:CD105、VEGF与TGF-β1联合检测是判断星形细胞瘤恶性程度有价值的指标,以三者为靶点的抗肿瘤治疗将为星形细胞瘤的治疗带来新的选择。     

延胡索合剂预防和治疗肿瘤化疗性静脉炎的实验研究

  目的  以延胡索、大黄、侧柏叶、蒲黄等几味中草药为主要组方的"静炎安", 用于化疗药物外渗性损伤及化疗性静脉炎的外敷, 本研究旨在观察静炎安对兔耳缘静脉化疗性静脉炎的防护机制。  方法  选取24只大白兔, 建立兔耳缘模型, 并分为静炎安组、硫酸镁组、空白对照组, 分别采取静炎安湿敷、硫酸镁湿敷、无任何干预措施。观察静脉炎发生情况, 并于干预后48h、7d取局部静脉及周围组织切片行HE染色, 观察病理损伤程度及愈合情况; 行血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)、细胞间黏附分子(intercellular adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1)免疫组织化学法染色, 观察VEGF、ICAM-1表达情况。  结果  静炎安组较硫酸镁组及空白对照组静脉炎损伤程度轻, 愈合早, VEGF、ICAM-1表达下调。  结论  静炎安通过促进血管内皮细胞增生和修复, 减轻炎症反应, 进而对化疗性静脉炎有良好的防护作用。      

CD105和VEGF、TGF-β1在结直肠癌的表达及其与浸润、转移和血管生成的关系

目的 探讨结直肠癌中CD105和VEGF、TGF-β1的表达及与血管生成的关系.方法 应用免疫组化方法检测60例结直肠癌中CD105标记的微血管密度(MVD)和VEGF、TGF-β1的表达.结果 60例结直肠癌中CD105表达的MVD为36.50±9.43.VEGF、TGF-β1表达的阳性率为68.3%,75.0%.MVD和VEGF、TGF-β1表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移和Dukes分期密切相关(P＜0.05).VEGF、TGF-β1表达均与MVD呈正相关(P＜0.01),TGF-β1与VEGF也呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 CD105、VEGF、TGF-β1关系密切,三者联合检测可作为结直肠癌新生血管和浸润转移的有价值的标志物.     

芦荟凝胶抑制大鼠Ⅱ度放射性皮炎发生的机理研究

目的:在分子水平探讨芦荟凝胶抑制大鼠Ⅱ度放射性皮炎发生的机理。方法:首先建立SD大鼠裸露背部10%Ⅱ度放射性皮炎模型,随机分成两组,对照组为自然愈合组,实验组为芦荟外涂组,实验组每日进行鲜芦荟凝胶对辐射伤口区的外涂,每日两次。辐射伤后2、6、10、18、24、34d各活杀大鼠10只,每组各5只。采用免疫组织化学方法并利用图像分析技术,分别记录伤口局部ICAM-1、EGF和bFGF的表达量。结果:实验组ICAM-1的表达总体均数低于对照组的表达P<0.01,差异有显著意义。实验组EGF和bFGF的表达总体均数高于对照组的表达,P<0.05,差异有显著意义。结论:芦荟凝胶对大鼠Ⅱ度放射性皮炎的发生有抑制作用,机理与ICAM-1分泌的抑制及EGF,bFGF分泌的促进相关。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.