小干扰RNA对骨肉瘤细胞株CXCR4基因表达和侵袭力的影响

目的：研究小干扰RNA（siRNA）对骨肉瘤细胞株中趋化因子受体CXCR4基因表达和侵袭力的影响。方法：采用单细胞克隆技术，从人骨肉瘤细胞系MG-63中分离培养出高表达CXCR4的骨肉瘤细胞株，设计合成针对CXCR4基因的siRNA，脂质体法转染骨肉瘤细胞株后用RT—PCR检测CXCR4基因表达水平的变化，荧光检测转染效率，Transwell趋化侵袭实验观察转染后细胞株侵袭能力的变化。结果：转染效率约为43．82％，CXCR4编码基因序列特异性siRNA能有效下调CXCR4基因表达水平，与空白组和阴性对照组比较，其差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），细胞株穿过侵袭膜的细胞数也较转染前减少（P〈0．05）。结论：小分子干扰RNA技术能有效抑制骨肉瘤细胞株CXCR4基因的表达和体外侵袭能力。     

HMGA1基因小分子RNAi对卵巢癌转移抑制的实验研究

目的:探讨高迁移率蛋白家族A1(high mobility group A1,HMGA1)基因小分子干扰RNA对卵巢癌转移抑制的机理.方法:RT-PCR一步法检测3种不同的卵巢癌细胞株中HMGA1、E钙黏蛋白mRNA的表达水平;设计并合成HMGA1 siRNA,转染HO8910PM细胞:半定量RT-PCR分析法观察HMGA1 siRNA转染对E钙黏蛋白mRNA表达的逆转作用,及对卵巢癌细胞株体外侵袭、运动的抑制作用.结果:RT-PCR半定量分析结果显示:OVCAR-3细胞中HMGA1 mRNA表达量相对较低(0.64±0.13),而E-钙黏蛋白mRNA仅在OVCAR-3细胞中有表达;HO8910PM细胞稳定转染HMGA1 siRNA后,转染组、对照组HMGA1 mRNA表达水平分别为0.16±0.08、0.47±0.11(P＜0.01),E 钙黏蛋白mRNA表达水平分别 为0.38±0.07、0.09±0.05(P＜0.01);体外运动实验显示,跨膜细胞数转染组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);重组细胞基底膜侵袭实验显示,穿透基底膜细胞数转染组明显低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:HMGA1基因与卵巢癌转移密切相关,HMGA1 基因siRNA 可上调卵巢癌细胞中E钙黏蛋白的表达,抑制卵巢癌细胞的运动和侵袭,为卵巢癌转移的基因治疗提供新的靶点.     

siRNA对卵巢上皮癌细胞HMGA1基因表达抑制的实验研究

目的:探讨小分子干扰RNA对卵巢上皮癌细胞中高迁移率蛋白家族A1 (Hish mobility group A1, HMGA1)基因表达的影响,了解HMGA1基因在卵巢上皮癌发生、发展中的作用.方法:设计并合成HMGA1 siRNA,分为两组,实验组以不同浓度[(1.0,2.5,5.0)μg/L,下同]的HMGA1 siRNA转染HMGA1基因高表达的卵巢上皮癌细胞系OVCAR细胞,对照组以等量阴性对照siRNA转染OVCAR细胞,实时荧光定量RTPCR技术检测转染后OVCAR细胞中HMGA1 mRNA的表达, HMGA1 mRNA的表达以PCR循环数阈值(Ct值)表示;蛋白印迹法测定OVCAR细胞中HMGA1蛋白的表达;显微镜观察并计数转染后存活的OVCAR细胞数.结果: HMGA1 siRNA转染OVCAR细胞后,明显下调OVCAR细胞中HMGA1 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平,实验组不同浓度HMGA1 siRNA转染后, OVCAR细胞的Ct值分别为(19.62±0.02),(20.46±0.02),(20.57±0.03)个循环数,与对照组[分别为(19.30±0.02),(19.45±0.01),(19.58±0.03)个循环数]比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).上述浓度转染后,实验组OVCAR细胞的HMGA1蛋白表达水平(分别为0.75±0.02,0.56±0.02,0.19±0.03)分别与对照组(分别为1.92±0.25,1.80±0.29,1.15±0.18)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).实验组OCAR细胞生长较对照组明显受到抑制(P<0.05).结论: HMGA1 siRNA可以下调HMGA1 mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平,抑制细胞生长,提示HMGA1基因在卵巢上皮癌的发生、发展中具有重要作用.     

siRNA干扰FoxM1基因表达对人骨肉瘤MG63细胞增殖与凋亡影响研究

目的通过抑制骨肉瘤细胞株MG63中FoxM1基因表达,观察对骨肉瘤细胞系增殖与凋亡的影响。方法采用蛋白质印迹法检测不同人骨肉瘤细胞株MG63和SOSP-9607中FoxM1基因的表达。将骨肉瘤细胞株MG63分为实验组、阴性对照组和空白对照组,实验组转染FoxM1特异性siRNA（FoxM1-siRNA）,阴性对照组转染阴性对照siRNA,空白对照组不做处理。实时-聚合酶链反应（Real-time PCR）和蛋白质印迹法检测转染前后FoxM1基因在mRNA及蛋白表达水平的变化;四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）比色法检测细胞增殖率,流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡率。结果人骨肉瘤细胞株MG63和SOSP-9607中存在FoxM1基因的表达。实验组MG63细胞转染siRNA后,FoxM1的mRNA表达为0.39±0.09,低于阴性对照组的0.91±0.07,t=7.92,P〈0.001;也低于空白对照组的0.96±0.08,t=8.68,P〈0.001。实验组FoxM1蛋白表达为0.31±0.06,显著低于阴性对照组的0.81±0.10,t=7.20,P〈0.001;也低于空白对照组的0.89±0.09,t=8.35,P〈0.001。实验组MG63细胞增殖率为0.36±0.03,显著低于阴性对照组的0.61±0.02,t=12.86,P〈0.001;也低于空白对照组的0.65±0.02,t=14.92,P〈0.001。实验组MG63细胞凋亡率为（13.69±1.15）%,显著高于阴性对照组的（2.38±0.90）%,t=14.16,P〈0.001;也高于空白对照组的（2.87±0.86）%,t=13.54,P〈0.001。结论人骨肉瘤细胞株中存在FoxM1蛋白的表达;特异性siRNA可下调骨肉瘤细胞株MG63中FoxM1基因的表达,对细胞的增殖具有负性调控作用,并能诱导细胞凋亡。     

反义寡核苷酸对骨肉瘤细胞MTA1基因表达及侵袭性影响的研究

目的:合成人肿瘤转移相关基因(MTAl)的反义脱氧寡核苷酸,观察其转染后对人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞系中MTA1表达及骨肉瘤侵袭性的影响.方法:免疫细胞染色观察人工合成正义、反义及无意义MTA1基因片段转染人骨肉瘤细胞MG-63后,人肿瘤转移相关基因的表达;RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测MTA1基因mRNA和蛋白质表达水平的变化;Boyden小室体外侵袭实验检测转染前后细胞侵袭力的变化.结果:反义寡核苷酸处理骨肉瘤细胞后,MTA1 mRNA的表达下降(吸光度之比为25.09±0.21),与正义链组、无意义链组和空白对照组(35.19±0.17、33.20±0.23和37.17±0.18)相比差异有统计学意义,P<0.05.Boy-den小室体外侵袭实验检测显示,反义寡核苷酸处理后骨肉瘤细胞的透膜能力明显下降.结论:MTA1同骨肉瘤的转移能力密切相关,反义寡核苷酸的转染可阻遏骨肉瘤细胞中MTA1的表达,并因此有可能限制骨肉瘤的侵袭和转移.     

钠氢交换蛋白1基因在体外对食管癌KYSE-70细胞增殖和侵袭作用的影响

目的:观察钠氢交换蛋白1(Na+/H-exchanger 1,NHE-1)基因对食管癌KYSE-70细胞增殖和侵袭能力的影响.方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测NHE-1 mRNA及其蛋白在人食管癌EC-9706、KYSE-450、EC-1和KYSE-70细胞中的表达情况.将化学合成的靶向NHE-1的小干扰RNA (small interference RNA,si RNA)体外转染入KYSE-70细胞,实时荧光定量-PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测转染24、48和72 h后KYSE-70细胞中NHE-1 mRNA及其蛋白的表达,MTT和Boyden小室法检测KYSE-70细胞的增殖及侵袭能力.结果:NHE-1 mRNA及其蛋白在KYSE-70细胞中高表达.与阴性对照(转染阴性对照siRNA)及空白对照(未转染的KYSE-70细胞)组相比,靶向NHE-1的siRNA可抑制KYSE-70细胞中NHE-1 mRNA及其蛋白的表达,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与阴性对照组、空白对照组及NHE-1 siRNA转染24 h组比较,NHE-1 siRNA转染48和72 h后的KYSE-70细胞体外增殖能力和侵袭能力明显受到抑制,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:干扰NHE-1基因的表达可以抑制食管癌KYSE-70细胞的体外增殖和侵袭能力,NHE-1基因有望成为食管癌基因治疗的重要靶点.     

miR-153干预对骨肉瘤细胞MG-63侵袭能力的影响

目的:探讨不同miR-153干预对骨肉瘤细胞系MG-63侵袭能力的影响。方法:培养骨肉瘤细胞MG-63并随机分为miR-153过表达组、miR-153沉默表达组及阴性对照组,依次分别转染miR-153 mimic、miR-153 inhibitor及空白对照质粒;Real-time PCR检测转染后细胞中miR-153表达以确定细胞模型构建成功;Real-time PCR和Western blot检测转染后细胞中侵袭相关蛋白ROCK1和ROCK2的表达;Transwell侵袭实验检测转染后细胞侵袭能力的变化;理论预测miR-153与ROCK1/ROCK2的靶向结合作用。结果:相比于阴性对照组,miR-153过表达组、miR-153沉默表达组MG-63细胞内miR-153表达水平分别上调和下调,细胞模型构建成功;Real-time PCR和Western blot结果显示,相比于阴性对照组,miR-153过表达组、miR-153沉默表达组MG-63细胞内侵袭相关蛋白ROCK1和ROCK2的mRNA表达变化不明显而蛋白表达水平分别降低和增高;Transwell侵袭实验结果显示上调及沉默miR-153后,MG-63细胞侵袭能力分别下降和增强;Targetscan生物学软件理论预测miR-153与ROCK1/ROCK2同时存在结合位点。结论:不同miR-153干预可明显影响骨肉瘤细胞MG-63的侵袭能力,而这种影响可能通过miR-153-ROCK1/ROCK2途径实现。     

靶向沉默人类真核翻译延长因子1A2可抑制胰腺癌细胞BxPC-3体外迁移和侵袭

目的:探讨靶向沉默人类真核翻译延长因子1A2 (homo sapiens eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2,EEF1A2)对胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞体外迁移和侵袭的影响及其可能的分子机制.方法:应用RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测4种胰腺癌细胞株中EEF1A2的mRNA和蛋白表达水平.将EEF1A2-小干扰RNA (smallinterference RNA,siRNA)和阴性对照siRNA转染到BxPC-3细胞中,随后采用RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹法分别检测EEF1A2的mRNA及蛋白表达,应用体外划痕和Transwell侵袭实验分别检测BxPC-3细胞的体外迁移和侵袭能力,蛋白质印迹法检测转染前后细胞中p -Akt和总Akt蛋白的表达变化.结果:4种胰腺癌细胞株中除SW1990细胞呈EEF1A2低表达外,BxPC-3、Patu8988和Panc-1细胞均呈EEF1A2高表达.EEF1A2-siRNA转染BxPC-3细胞48 h后,EEF1A2 mRNA及蛋白表达水平较阴性对照siRNA转染的细胞和空白对照细胞明显降低(P＜0.01).EEF1A2-siRNA转染组BxPC-3细胞的体外迁移和侵袭能力明显低于阴性转染对照组和空白对照组(P＜0.05).EEF1A2-siRNA转染组细胞中Akt的磷酸化水平明显低于对照组细胞(P＜0.05),而总Akt蛋白表达水平未显著改变(P＞0.05).结论:siRNA干扰下调EEF1A2基因表达可明显抑制胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞的体外迁移和侵袭,其机制可能与EEF1A2调控Akt信号通路有关.     

HMGA1基因小分子RNAi对卵巢癌转移抑制的实验研究

目的：探讨高迁移率蛋白家族A1（high mobility group A1,HMGA1）基因小分子干扰RNA对卵巢癌转移抑制的机理。方法：RT—PCR一步法检测3种不同的卵巢癌细胞株中HMGA1、E钙黏蛋白mRNA的表达水平;设计并合成HMGA1 siRNA,转染H08910PM细胞：半定量RT—PCR分析法观察HMGA1 siRNA转染对E钙黏蛋白mRNA表达的逆转作用,及对卵巢癌细胞株体外侵袭、运动的抑制作用。结果：RT—PCR半定量分析结果显示：OVCAR-3细胞中HMGA1 mRNA表达量相对较低（0．64±0．13）,而E-钙黏蛋白mRNA仅在OVCAR-3细胞中有表达;H08910PM细胞稳定转染HMGA1 siRNA后,转染组、对照组HMGA1 mRNA表达水平分别为0．16±0．08、0．47±0．11（P〈0．01）,E钙黏蛋白mRNA表达水平分别为0．38±0．07、0．09±0.05（P〈0．01）;体外运动实验显示,跨膜细胞数转染组明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）;重组细胞基底膜侵袭实验显示,穿透基底膜细胞数转染组明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：HMGA1基因与卵巢癌转移密切相关,HMGA1基因siRNA可上调卵巢癌细胞中E钙黏蛋白的表达,抑制卵巢癌细胞的运动和侵袭,为卵巢癌转移的基因治疗提供新的靶点。     

siRNA干扰LEF-1的表达对骨肉瘤细胞株F5M2侵袭和迁移的影响

目的:检测LEF-1在骨肉瘤细胞株F4和F5M2中的表达;探讨siRNA干扰前后对骨肉瘤细胞中LEF-1的表达及对细胞侵袭和迁移的影响.方法:采用Western-blot及qRT-PCR检测具有不同转移能力的骨肉瘤细胞株(F4,F5M2)中LEF-1的表达水平;利用RNAi干扰技术将LEF-1 siRNA转染到F5M2细胞中,使用Western-blot检测转染LEF-1 siRNA后细胞中LEF-1蛋白的表达变化;Tanswell实验检测干扰LEF-1的表达对F5M2细胞侵袭和迁移的影响.结果:LEF-1在骨肉瘤细胞株F4,F5M2中差异表达,其中在F5M2细胞中的表达较高.在转染LEF-1 siRNA的F5M2细胞中,LEF-1蛋白表达水平显著降低.Tanswell实验结果显示,与阴性对照组和空白对照组相比,实验组F5M2细胞的侵袭和迁移能力显著降低.结论:LEF-1 siRNA可以下调骨肉瘤细胞中LEF-1的表达,抑制骨肉瘤细胞的侵袭和转移.LEF-1有可能成为骨肉瘤诊治的新靶点.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.